高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練案20必修4Module2TrafficJam練習(xí)含解析外研版

一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(高中)PAGEPAGE1必修四Module2TrafficJamⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·安徽省合肥一中等六校教育研究會第二次聯(lián)考)TheAmericandreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courage,creativityanddetermination,theycanachieveabetterlifeforthemselves.Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedparticipantsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoal,andwhetherornottheyfeltthecontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Obviously,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.Generallyspeaking,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardworknotoutsideforcedecidingtheirlives.Buttheparticipantshaddefinitelymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic(悲觀的)aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority52percentthinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda4-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster'sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstability(穩(wěn)定)hisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh-schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook(支票簿),arethenecessaryelementsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.文章大意：這是一篇新聞報道。美國《國家期刊》最近的一項關(guān)于美國夢的民意調(diào)查表明在過去的幾十年里，美國人的美國夢的理念和實現(xiàn)它所需要的因素發(fā)生了變化。他們認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像過去那樣重要了。1．ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohaveB.A．a(chǎn)senseofdriveandpurposeB．a(chǎn)nadvancedacademicdegreeC．a(chǎn)firmbeliefintheirdreamD．a(chǎn)nambitiontogetahead〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.”可知，更具體地說，他們就如何在美國獲得成功達(dá)成了一致的意見：接受大學(xué)教育，找到一份穩(wěn)定的工作，買他們自己的房子。所以過去人們普遍認(rèn)為，要想在美國取得成功，就必須有高學(xué)位。故B選項正確。2．WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream？DA．MoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtorealize.B．ItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanpeople.C．AnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningit.D．Americans'ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由第二段“theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.”可知，顯然，結(jié)果表明，今天美國夢的理念和實現(xiàn)它所需要的因素看起來與20世紀(jì)晚期有很大的不同。所以判斷出《國家期刊》關(guān)于美國夢的最新調(diào)查結(jié)果表明在過去的幾十年里，美國人的美國夢的理念和實現(xiàn)它所需要的因素發(fā)生了變化。故D選項正確。3．WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess？DA．Itstillremainsopentodebate.B．Ithasprovedtobebeyonddoubt.C．Itismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanever.D．Itisnolongerasimportantasitusedtobe.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由第三段“Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic(悲觀的)aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority52percentthinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda4-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.”可知，在過去的七年里，美國人對教育決定成功越來越悲觀。盡管他們認(rèn)為上大學(xué)是一個相當(dāng)容易實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，但是52%的人認(rèn)為年輕人不需要四年的大學(xué)教育就能成功。所以判斷出美國人認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像過去那樣重要了。故D選項正確。4．Howdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationthesedays？AA．Ithelpsbroadentheirminds.B．Itneedstobestrengthened.C．Itwidensculturaldiversity.D．Itpromotesgenderequality.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由最后一段“Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.”可知，雖然像Maeda這樣的一些人強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)位的價值而不是教育本身的價值，但其他人仍然把大學(xué)視為獲得新觀點(diǎn)和生活經(jīng)驗的一種方式。所以判斷出，現(xiàn)在一些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育有助于開闊他們的視野。故A選項正確。B(2020·湖北武漢市高三調(diào)研)AsIwashdishesatthekitchensink,myhusband,Scott,pacesbehindme,annoyed.“Haveyouseenmykeys？”heasks.InthepastIwouldhaveturnedoffthetapandjoinedthehuntwhiletryingtocomfortmyhusband.Butthatonlymadehimangrier.Now,Ifocusonthewetdishinmyhands.Idon'tturnaround.Idon'tsayaword.I'musingatechniqueIlearnedfromadolphintrainer.ForabookIwaswritingaboutanimaltrainers'school,Istartedspendingmydayswatchingprofessionaltrainersdotheseeminglyimpossible:teachingdogstodanceoncommandandchimpstoskateboard.Eventuallyithitmethatthesametechniquesmightworkonthatstubbornbutlovablespecies,theAmericanhusband.ThecentrallessonIlearnedisthatIshouldrewardbehaviourIlikeandignorebehaviourIdon't.Afterall,youdon'tgetasealiontobalanceaballontheendofitsnosebytalking.ThesamegoesfortheAmericanhusband.IbeganthankingScottifhethrewonedirtyshirtintothelaundrybasket.Ifhethrewintwo,I'dkisshim.Iwasusingwhattrainerscall“approximations”，rewardingthesmallstepstowardlearningawholenewbehaviour.WithScottthehusband,Ibegantopraiseeverysmallacteverytime:ifhedrovejustamileanhourslower,orwasontimeforanything.IfollowedthestudentstoSeaWorldSanDiego,whereadolphintrainerintroducedmetoLeastReinforcingScenario(LRS)．Whenadolphindoessomethingwrong,thetrainerdoesn'trespondinanyway.Theideaisthatanyresponse,positiveornegative,fuelsabehaviour.Ifabehaviourcausesnoresponse,ittypicallydiesaway.Itwasonlyamatteroftimebeforehewasagainsearchingforhiskeys,atwhichpointIsaidnothingandkeptatwhatIwasdoing.Ittookalotofdisciplinetomaintainmycalm,butresultswereimmediate.IfeltasifIshouldthrowhimasmallfish.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。丈夫在找不到鑰匙時總是朝“我”嚷嚷，“我”想到了訓(xùn)練海豚的方法：對不樂意見到的行為視而不見，海豚會逐漸理解并成功完成人們希望的動作。于是“我”對丈夫的行為不理不睬，不久他就找到了鑰匙。此時“我”真想獎勵給他一條小魚……5．Whatcanweinferaboutthewriter？CA．Shetreatsherhusbandlikeanimals.B．Sheoftenquarrelswithherhusband.C．Shebehavesdifferentlytoherhusband.D．She'sdeterminedtolearnfromthedolphin.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“InthepastIwouldhaveturnedoffthetapandjoinedthehuntwhiletryingtocomfortmyhusband.”可知，在過去，“我”會關(guān)掉水龍頭，在安慰丈夫的同時幫他一起尋找鑰匙。根據(jù)第一段最后三句“Idon'tturnaround.Idon'tsayaword.I'musingatechniquellearnedfromadolphintrainer.”可知，這一次“我”沒有轉(zhuǎn)身，不說一句話，“我”在使用從海豚訓(xùn)練員那里學(xué)到的方法。據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”對待丈夫的方法發(fā)生了改變。故C項正確。6．Howdidthewritergettheideaoftreatingherhusband？CA．Byrewardingherhusband.B．Bywritingabookonanimals.C．Bywatchingprofessionaltraining.D．Byfocusingonwashingthedishes.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知，為了寫一本關(guān)于動物馴獸師學(xué)校的書，“我”開始每天觀看專業(yè)馴獸師做著看似不可能做到的事情：教狗根據(jù)命令跳舞，教黑猩猩學(xué)滑板，而“我”也從觀看馴獸師的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練中得到了如何對待“我”的丈夫的啟示。故C項正確。7．Whatwillhappenifthetrainerdoesn'trespondtothedolphin'smistake？BA．Itwillfeelembarrassed.B．Itwillforgetthemistake.C．Itwillrememberitsmistake.D．Itwillrepeatthewrongaction.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“Ifabehaviourcausesnoresponse，ittypicallydiesaway.”可知，如果海豚的錯誤行為得不到回應(yīng)，則它將忘掉這種行為。故B項正確。8．Whatisthetoneofthetext？AA．Humorous. B．Serious.C．Aggressive. D．Doubtful.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段最后兩句“Ittookalotofdisciplinetomaintainmycalm，butresultswereimmediate.IfeltasifIshouldthrowhimasmallfish.”可知，“我”保持冷靜需要自制力，但立刻就有了效果?！拔摇毕胍o他扔一條小魚以示獎勵。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文中作者將丈夫比喻成接受訓(xùn)練的海豚，據(jù)此可以判斷，本文的語氣詼諧幽默。故A項正確。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。Summeristheperfecttimetorelax.Asyouplanforyourtrip,herearesometipsonhowtoprotectyourself.1.FFightagainstthemosquitoesinthehotspots.Therearemanymosquito-borneillnessesintropicalregions，whicharetraditionallyvacationhotspots.Therefore,mosquitorepellent(驅(qū)蚊劑)thatcontainsDEETshouldbeanessentialiteminyourtravelbag.2.AInlesser-developedcountriesthereislessequipmentforcleanwaterandpublichealth.Ifyoucan'tavoidunhealthfulwater,makesureyoubringalongateaorcoffee-makingpotthatwillboilwaterforyou.You'dbetterbuyacaseortwoofwaterandcheckthatallbottlecapsaresealedtoassurethebottledwaterisn'tjustarefilledbottleofdirtytapwater.Alwaysprotectyourfeet.It'sbesttowearslippersintheshower,butifyoumustbebarefoot,putatoweldownonthefloor.3.GYoushouldneverwalkbarefootinanyareaofaforeigncountry,includingyourhotelroom.Besuretoeatsafefruits.4.BTheymayhavebeenwashedinthesamewater,orwipedwiththesameragusedtocleanworksurfacesinkitchens.Thebestadviceistobringyourownpeeler(削皮器)sothatyouknowthatsomethingcleanhasbeenappliedtothefruit.Enjoythesmellofroadsidestands,notthefood.Unlessthefoodispipinghotwhenserved,it'sbesttostayawayfromroadsidestands,nomatterhowgoodthesmellofthefoodmightbe.Ifyouareconcernedaboutwhetherarestaurantisclean,orderthefoodtogo.5.DA．Don'ttrustthelocalwater.B．Anyfruitservedfreshmaybepolluted.C．Lookoutforanywaternotservedinabottle.D．Theboxesmaybecleanerthantheplateorforkonthetable.E．Youshouldknowhowtokeepyourselfawayfromdirtyfruits.F．Theyarenecessarytoavoidcomingbackwithamajorillnessfromyourtrip.G．Parasites(寄生蟲)canentertheskinofyourfeetandtraveltodifferentpartsofthebody.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。就旅行時如何進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)提出一些建議?！冀馕觥?．空處上文提到，夏天是放松的最佳時間，如果你準(zhǔn)備去旅行，這里有一些關(guān)于如何保護(hù)你自己的建議，并且下文是具體的建議。因此F項“它們對于避免旅行后帶著大病回來是有必要的?！?，在這里起到承上啟下的作用，符合語境。故選F項。2．本空為段落標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文可知，本段講述的是在一些欠發(fā)達(dá)的國家，制造干凈的水的設(shè)備比較少，所以你要自己做一些準(zhǔn)備。由此可知應(yīng)選A項。3．根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Alwaysprotectyourfeet.”以及空后的“Youshouldneverwalkbarefoot”可知，本段主要講述的是在旅途中要保護(hù)自己的腳。故G項“寄生蟲可以進(jìn)入你腳部的皮膚，并到達(dá)身體的不同部位?！狈险Z境。4．根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Besuretoeatsafefruits.”以及空處后一句“Theymayhavebeenwashedinthesamewater，orwipedwiththesameragusedtocleanworksurfacesinkitchens.”可知，B項“任何新鮮的水果都可能是被污染的。”符合語境。故選B項。5．根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題以及空處前一句“Ifyouareconcernedaboutwhetherarestaurantisclean，orderthefoodtogo.”可知，D項“這些盒子可能比桌子上的盤子或叉子更干凈。”符合語境。故選D項。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2021·河南省南陽市一中月考)Upto82percentofchildrenwithhealthymothersarenoteasytobeobese(肥胖的),accordingtoresearch.Amother,1.whohasahealthyweight,exercisesregularly,eatsahealthydiet,doesn'tsmokeandonly2.drinks(drink)wineinmoderation,issignificantlylesslikely3.tohave(have)afatchild,scientistssay.Andresearchsuggestsitcouldbemoretodowithnurture(養(yǎng)育)4.thannature,asamother'slifestyleappears5.directly(direct)linkedtothehealthofherchild.Whenbothmotherandchildfollowahealthylifestyle,theriskofobesity6.isreduced(reduce)evenmore,thestudyofmorethan24,000childrenfound.Thestudyexaminedthemedicalhistoryandlifestylesofmorethan24,000childrenagednine7.tofourteen,borntoalmost17,000womenintheUS.Researcherslookedatthelinkbetweenoverallmotherhealthandlikelihoodofachild8.being(be)obese.Themother'shealthwasjudgedonherheight-to-weightratio(比例),herdiet,amountofphysical9.activity(active),smokingstatusandhowmuchalcoholshedrank.Ahealthyweightanddiet,regularexercise,nosmokingandmoderatedrinkingallreducethechanceofawomanhaving10.anobesechild.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)健康的體重和飲食，定期鍛煉，不吸煙以及適度飲酒都能降低女性生肥胖孩子的概率?！冀馕觥?．考查定語從句。句意：專家稱，一個體重正常、經(jīng)常鍛煉、飲食健康、不吸煙、適量飲酒的母親生出肥胖孩子的可能性要小得多。此處為非限定性定語從句，先行詞為mother，指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語。故填who。2．考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。句意參考上題〖解析〗。此處與has，exercises和eats等作并列謂語，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填drinks。3．考查不定式。句意參考第1題〖解析〗。belikelytodo表示“可能做某事”。故填tohave。4．考查介詞。句意：研究表明，這可能更多地與后天因素有關(guān)，而不是先天因素，因為母親的生活方式似乎與孩子的健康直接相關(guān)。根據(jù)前面的“more”判斷此處用than表示比較。故填than。5．考查副詞。句意參考上題〖解析〗。修飾linked用副詞。故填directly。6．考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：這項對24000名兒童進(jìn)行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)母親和孩子都遵循健康的生活方式時，肥胖的風(fēng)險甚至?xí)档透?。描述的是客觀事實，theriskofobesity與reduce之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填isreduced。7．考查介詞。這項研究調(diào)查了美國近17000名婦女所生24000多名9到14歲的兒童的病史和生活方式。from...to...表示“從……到……”。故填to。8．考查非謂語動詞。句意：研究人員研究了母親的整體健康狀況與孩子肥胖的可能性之間的關(guān)系。此處為動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞of的賓語。其中child是邏輯主語，動名詞短語beingobese是邏輯謂語。故填being。9．考查名詞。句意：母親的健康狀況由身高體重比、飲食、運(yùn)動量、吸煙情況和飲酒量等因素決定。此處的運(yùn)動表示抽象意義，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填activity。10．考查冠詞。句意：健康體重和飲食，定期鍛煉，不吸煙以及適度飲酒都能降低女性生一個肥胖孩子的概率。此處泛指一個肥胖的孩子，obese以元音音素開頭。故填不定冠詞an。Ⅳ.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。(2020·洛陽市第一次聯(lián)考)WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwatchedamovieaboutglobalwarming.Seetheimagesoficemeltingandthepolarbearshabitatbeingdestroyedmademedisappointed.Ibegintorealizeitwasimportanttodowhatwecansavetheenvironment.Iaskedmymomtobuyabluerecyclingbin.Andsheimmediateagreedtogetit.Besides,shegotformeablackonefortrash.Inowhavearecyclingbinforwastepapersandplasticbottlesinmyroom.Imaybejustoneperson,soIfeellikeIammakingthebigdifference.〖答案〗WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwatchedamovieaboutglobalwarming.eq\o(See,\s\do8(Seeing))theimagesoficemeltingandthepolareq\o(bears,\s\do8(bears'))habitatbeingdestroyedmademedisappointed.Ieq\o(begin,\s\do8(began))torealizeitwasimportanttodowhatwecaneq\o(∧,\s\do8(to))savetheenvironment.Iaskedmymomtobuyabluerecyclingbin.Andsheeq\o(immediate,\s\do8(immediately))agreedtogeteq\o(it,\s\do8(one)).Besides,shegotformeablackonefortrash.Inowhavearecyclingbinforwasteeq\o(papers,\s\do8(paper))andplasticbottlesinmyroom.Imaybejustoneperson,eq\o(so,\s\do8(but/yet))IfeellikeIammakingeq\o(the,\s\do8(a))bigdifference.〖解析〗1．考查非謂語動詞?？吹侥切┍诨捅睒O熊的棲息地遭受破壞的影像，“我”感到失望。此處應(yīng)用動名詞短語作主語。故將See改為Seeing。2．考查名詞所有格。此處指北極熊的棲息地。故此處應(yīng)用名詞的所有格bears'。3．考查動詞的時態(tài)。此處敘述的事發(fā)生在“我”上小學(xué)的時候。故用一般過去時。故將begin改為began。4．考查非謂語動詞。“我”開始意識到為了拯救環(huán)境，去做我們能夠做的事情是重要的。此處用動詞不定式表示目的。故在save前加to。5．考查副詞。母親立即答應(yīng)購買一個。此處修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞。故用immediately。6．上文中的“abluerecyclingbin”為泛指。故此處用表示泛指的代詞one。7．考查介詞。getsb.sth.“給某人某物”為固定搭配。故此處刪除for。8．考查名詞。wastepaper表示“廢紙”，為不可數(shù)名詞。故將papers改為paper。9．考查連詞。雖然“我”僅僅是一個人，但“我”感覺“我”做的事情意義重大。根據(jù)句意可知前后形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故此處改為but/yet。10．考查冠詞。makeabigdifference表示“有重大影響；意義重大”。故將the改為a。必修四Module2TrafficJamⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·安徽省合肥一中等六校教育研究會第二次聯(lián)考)TheAmericandreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courage,creativityanddetermination,theycanachieveabetterlifeforthemselves.Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedparticipantsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoal,andwhetherornottheyfeltthecontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Obviously,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.Generallyspeaking,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardworknotoutsideforcedecidingtheirlives.Buttheparticipantshaddefinitelymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic(悲觀的)aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority52percentthinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda4-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster'sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstability(穩(wěn)定)hisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh-schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook(支票簿),arethenecessaryelementsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.文章大意：這是一篇新聞報道。美國《國家期刊》最近的一項關(guān)于美國夢的民意調(diào)查表明在過去的幾十年里，美國人的美國夢的理念和實現(xiàn)它所需要的因素發(fā)生了變化。他們認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像過去那樣重要了。1．ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohaveB.A．a(chǎn)senseofdriveandpurposeB．a(chǎn)nadvancedacademicdegreeC．a(chǎn)firmbeliefintheirdreamD．a(chǎn)nambitiontogetahead〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.”可知，更具體地說，他們就如何在美國獲得成功達(dá)成了一致的意見：接受大學(xué)教育，找到一份穩(wěn)定的工作，買他們自己的房子。所以過去人們普遍認(rèn)為，要想在美國取得成功，就必須有高學(xué)位。故B選項正確。2．WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream？DA．MoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtorealize.B．ItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanpeople.C．AnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningit.D．Americans'ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由第二段“theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.”可知，顯然，結(jié)果表明，今天美國夢的理念和實現(xiàn)它所需要的因素看起來與20世紀(jì)晚期有很大的不同。所以判斷出《國家期刊》關(guān)于美國夢的最新調(diào)查結(jié)果表明在過去的幾十年里，美國人的美國夢的理念和實現(xiàn)它所需要的因素發(fā)生了變化。故D選項正確。3．WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess？DA．Itstillremainsopentodebate.B．Ithasprovedtobebeyonddoubt.C．Itismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanever.D．Itisnolongerasimportantasitusedtobe.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由第三段“Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic(悲觀的)aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority52percentthinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda4-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.”可知，在過去的七年里，美國人對教育決定成功越來越悲觀。盡管他們認(rèn)為上大學(xué)是一個相當(dāng)容易實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，但是52%的人認(rèn)為年輕人不需要四年的大學(xué)教育就能成功。所以判斷出美國人認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像過去那樣重要了。故D選項正確。4．Howdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationthesedays？AA．Ithelpsbroadentheirminds.B．Itneedstobestrengthened.C．Itwidensculturaldiversity.D．Itpromotesgenderequality.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由最后一段“Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.”可知，雖然像Maeda這樣的一些人強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)位的價值而不是教育本身的價值，但其他人仍然把大學(xué)視為獲得新觀點(diǎn)和生活經(jīng)驗的一種方式。所以判斷出，現(xiàn)在一些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育有助于開闊他們的視野。故A選項正確。B(2020·湖北武漢市高三調(diào)研)AsIwashdishesatthekitchensink,myhusband,Scott,pacesbehindme,annoyed.“Haveyouseenmykeys？”heasks.InthepastIwouldhaveturnedoffthetapandjoinedthehuntwhiletryingtocomfortmyhusband.Butthatonlymadehimangrier.Now,Ifocusonthewetdishinmyhands.Idon'tturnaround.Idon'tsayaword.I'musingatechniqueIlearnedfromadolphintrainer.ForabookIwaswritingaboutanimaltrainers'school,Istartedspendingmydayswatchingprofessionaltrainersdotheseeminglyimpossible:teachingdogstodanceoncommandandchimpstoskateboard.Eventuallyithitmethatthesametechniquesmightworkonthatstubbornbutlovablespecies,theAmericanhusband.ThecentrallessonIlearnedisthatIshouldrewardbehaviourIlikeandignorebehaviourIdon't.Afterall,youdon'tgetasealiontobalanceaballontheendofitsnosebytalking.ThesamegoesfortheAmericanhusband.IbeganthankingScottifhethrewonedirtyshirtintothelaundrybasket.Ifhethrewintwo,I'dkisshim.Iwasusingwhattrainerscall“approximations”，rewardingthesmallstepstowardlearningawholenewbehaviour.WithScottthehusband,Ibegantopraiseeverysmallacteverytime:ifhedrovejustamileanhourslower,orwasontimeforanything.IfollowedthestudentstoSeaWorldSanDiego,whereadolphintrainerintroducedmetoLeastReinforcingScenario(LRS)．Whenadolphindoessomethingwrong,thetrainerdoesn'trespondinanyway.Theideaisthatanyresponse,positiveornegative,fuelsabehaviour.Ifabehaviourcausesnoresponse,ittypicallydiesaway.Itwasonlyamatteroftimebeforehewasagainsearchingforhiskeys,atwhichpointIsaidnothingandkeptatwhatIwasdoing.Ittookalotofdisciplinetomaintainmycalm,butresultswereimmediate.IfeltasifIshouldthrowhimasmallfish.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。丈夫在找不到鑰匙時總是朝“我”嚷嚷，“我”想到了訓(xùn)練海豚的方法：對不樂意見到的行為視而不見，海豚會逐漸理解并成功完成人們希望的動作。于是“我”對丈夫的行為不理不睬，不久他就找到了鑰匙。此時“我”真想獎勵給他一條小魚……5．Whatcanweinferaboutthewriter？CA．Shetreatsherhusbandlikeanimals.B．Sheoftenquarrelswithherhusband.C．Shebehavesdifferentlytoherhusband.D．She'sdeterminedtolearnfromthedolphin.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“InthepastIwouldhaveturnedoffthetapandjoinedthehuntwhiletryingtocomfortmyhusband.”可知，在過去，“我”會關(guān)掉水龍頭，在安慰丈夫的同時幫他一起尋找鑰匙。根據(jù)第一段最后三句“Idon'tturnaround.Idon'tsayaword.I'musingatechniquellearnedfromadolphintrainer.”可知，這一次“我”沒有轉(zhuǎn)身，不說一句話，“我”在使用從海豚訓(xùn)練員那里學(xué)到的方法。據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”對待丈夫的方法發(fā)生了改變。故C項正確。6．Howdidthewritergettheideaoftreatingherhusband？CA．Byrewardingherhusband.B．Bywritingabookonanimals.C．Bywatchingprofessionaltraining.D．Byfocusingonwashingthedishes.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知，為了寫一本關(guān)于動物馴獸師學(xué)校的書，“我”開始每天觀看專業(yè)馴獸師做著看似不可能做到的事情：教狗根據(jù)命令跳舞，教黑猩猩學(xué)滑板，而“我”也從觀看馴獸師的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練中得到了如何對待“我”的丈夫的啟示。故C項正確。7．Whatwillhappenifthetrainerdoesn'trespondtothedolphin'smistake？BA．Itwillfeelembarrassed.B．Itwillforgetthemistake.C．Itwillrememberitsmistake.D．Itwillrepeatthewrongaction.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“Ifabehaviourcausesnoresponse，ittypicallydiesaway.”可知，如果海豚的錯誤行為得不到回應(yīng)，則它將忘掉這種行為。故B項正確。8．Whatisthetoneofthetext？AA．Humorous. B．Serious.C．Aggressive. D．Doubtful.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段最后兩句“Ittookalotofdisciplinetomaintainmycalm，butresultswereimmediate.IfeltasifIshouldthrowhimasmallfish.”可知，“我”保持冷靜需要自制力，但立刻就有了效果?！拔摇毕胍o他扔一條小魚以示獎勵。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文中作者將丈夫比喻成接受訓(xùn)練的海豚，據(jù)此可以判斷，本文的語氣詼諧幽默。故A項正確。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。Summeristheperfecttimetorelax.Asyouplanforyourtrip,herearesometipsonhowtoprotectyourself.1.FFightagainstthemosquitoesinthehotspots.Therearemanymosquito-borneillnessesintropicalregions，whicharetraditionallyvacationhotspots.Therefore,mosquitorepellent(驅(qū)蚊劑)thatcontainsDEETshouldbeanessentialiteminyourtravelbag.2.AInlesser-developedcountriesthereislessequipmentforcleanwaterandpublichealth.Ifyoucan'tavoidunhealthfulwater,makesureyoubringalongateaorcoffee-makingpotthatwillboilwaterforyou.You'dbetterbuyacaseortwoofwaterandcheckthatallbottlecapsaresealedtoassurethebottledwaterisn'tjustarefilledbottleofdirtytapwater.Alwaysprotectyourfeet.It'sbesttowearslippersintheshower,butifyoumustbebarefoot,putatoweldownonthefloor.3.GYoushouldneverwalkbarefootinanyareaofaforeigncountry,includingyourhotelroom.Besuretoeatsafefruits.4.BTheymayhavebeenwashedinthesamewater,orwipedwiththesameragusedtocleanworksurfacesinkitchens.Thebestadviceistobringyourownpeeler(削皮器)sothatyouknowthatsomethingcleanhasbeenappliedtothefruit.Enjoythesmellofroadsidestands,notthefood.Unlessthefoodispipinghotwhenserved,it'sbesttostayawayfromroadsidestands,nomatterhowgoodthesmellofthefoodmightbe.Ifyouareconcernedaboutwhetherarestaurantisclean,orderthefoodtogo.5.DA．Don'ttrustthelocalwater.B．Anyfruitservedfreshmaybepolluted.C．Lookoutforanywaternotservedinabottle.D．Theboxesmaybecleanerthantheplateorforkonthetable.E．Youshouldknowhowtokeepyourselfawayfromdirtyfruits.F．Theyarenecessarytoavoidcomingbackwithamajorillnessfromyourtrip.G．Parasites(寄生蟲)canentertheskinofyourfeetandtraveltodifferentpartsofthebody.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。就旅行時如何進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)提出一些建議?！冀馕觥?．空處上文提到，夏天是放松的最佳時間，如果你準(zhǔn)備去旅行，這里有一些關(guān)于如何保護(hù)你自己的建議，并且下文是具體的建議。因此F項“它們對于避免旅行后帶著大病回來是有必要的?！?，在這里起到承上啟下的作用，符合語境。故選F項。2．本空為段落標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文可知，本段講述的是在一些欠發(fā)達(dá)的國家，制造干凈的水的設(shè)備比較少，所以你要自己做一些準(zhǔn)備。由此可知應(yīng)選A項。3．根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Alwaysprotectyourfeet.”以及空后的“Youshouldneverwalkbarefoot”可知，本段主要講述的是在旅途中要保護(hù)自己的腳。故G項“寄生蟲可以進(jìn)入你腳部的皮膚，并到達(dá)身體的不同部位?！狈险Z境。4．根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Besuretoeatsafefruits.”以及空處后一句“Theymayhavebeenwashedinthesamewater，orwipedwiththesameragusedtocleanworksurfacesinkitchens.”可知，B項“任何新鮮的水果都可能是被污染的?！狈险Z境。故選B項。5．根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題以及空處前一句“Ifyouareconcernedaboutwhetherarestaurantisclean，orderthefoodtogo.”可知，D項“這些盒子可能比桌子上的盤子或叉子更干凈?！狈险Z境。故選D項。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2021·河南省南陽市一中月考)Upto82percentofchildrenwithhealthymothersarenoteasytobeobese(肥胖的),accordingtoresearch.Amother,1.whohasahealthyweight,exercisesregularly,eatsahealthydiet,doesn'tsmokeandonly2.drinks(drink)wineinmoderation,issignificantlylesslikely3.tohave(have)afatchild,scientistssay.Andresearchsuggestsitcouldbemoretodowithnurture(養(yǎng)育)4.thannature,asamother'slifestyleappears5.directly(direct)linkedtothehealthofherchild.Whenbothmotherandchildfollowahealthylifestyle,theriskofobesity6.isreduced(reduce)evenmore,thestudyofmorethan24,000childrenfound.Thestudyexaminedthemedicalhistoryandlifestylesofmorethan24,000childrenagednine7.tofourteen,borntoalmost17,000womenintheUS.Researcherslookedatthelinkbetweenoverallmotherhealthandlikelihoodofachild8.being(be)obese.Themother'shealthwasjudgedonherheight-to-weightratio(比例),herdiet,amountofphysical9.activity(active),smokingstatusandhowmuchalcoholshedrank.Ahealthyweightanddiet,regularexercise,nosmokingandmoderatedrinkingallreducethechanceofawo