天津電大責(zé)任教師夏方毅市公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)百校聯(lián)賽特等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

EnglishinCurrentAffairs天津電大責(zé)任教師：夏方毅1第1頁(yè)Unit7EqualitySessionTwoP369Text

2第2頁(yè)1ASYSTEM(toregulateincomeinequality)shouldbemappedoutintimetopreventincomegapsfrombroadening.IncomeInequalityMustBeEased2ThelopsidedindividualincomepatterninChinahastendedtoworsensincethecountryinitiatedeconomicreformandtheopen-doorpolicy17yearsago.我們應(yīng)該及時(shí)制訂一個(gè)制度來(lái)規(guī)范收入不平等情況，以預(yù)防收入差距加大。自從前中國(guó)實(shí)施了經(jīng)濟(jì)改革和對(duì)外開(kāi)放政策以來(lái)，個(gè)人收入不平等情況就日趨嚴(yán)重。必須緩解收入不平等regulate:vt.Tocontrolordirectaccordingtorule,principle,orlaw管理,管制lopsidedadj.Leaningtooneside傾向一方；不平衡3第3頁(yè)ease

vt.Tomoderate(aqualityorcondition)inforceorintensity,alleviate在力量或強(qiáng)度上減輕（一個(gè)性質(zhì)或條件),緩解eg.easesb.ofhistroubles

消除某人煩惱2.

Tolessenthediscomfortorpainof

減輕不適或痛楚

eg.Theaspirineasedhisheadache.阿斯匹靈減輕了他頭痛。3.Toslackenthestrain,pressure,ortensionof;loosen降低擔(dān)心、壓力或強(qiáng)度；使安心,使舒適;松開(kāi)eg.1)ease

offacable松開(kāi)纜繩2)Ieasedhermindbytellingherthatthechildrenweresafe.我告訴她孩子們平安無(wú)恙,讓她安心。vi.減輕;緩解;放松[(+off)]eg.Therelationshipbetweenthesetwocountrieshaseased.兩國(guó)之間關(guān)系有所緩解。illatease

局促不安;不自在eg.Ialwaysfeelillateaseinastrangeenvironment.我在陌生環(huán)境總覺(jué)不自在。4第4頁(yè)mapout

vt.plan,arrange(詳細(xì))制訂，策劃,安排eg.1)Weshouldmapoutanoverallplan.我們應(yīng)該制訂全方面規(guī)劃.

2)Shemapped

outhertimeverywell.她把時(shí)間安排得很好。initiate

vt.Tosetgoingbytakingthefirststep;begin開(kāi)始eg.initiateanewcourseofstudies開(kāi)設(shè)一門(mén)新課程initiative

n.

首創(chuàng)精神，進(jìn)取心;率先，開(kāi)端tooktheinitiative

intryingtosolvetheproblem開(kāi)始著手試圖處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題5第5頁(yè)3Althoughofficialstatisticshasnotyetbeenmadeavailabletoindicatehowlargeincomegapshavebecome,thepeopleinthestreethavetestedenoughofthisinequalityintheirdailylife.盡管官方統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字還無(wú)法確定收入差距有多大，但普通百姓已感受到了他們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪胁罹唷?WhileacoupleofrestaurantownersinShanghaihaverevealedthattheirmonthlyincomehasreached100,000yuan($11,900),630,000residentsinHunanProvincearestrugglingforabare

subsistencewageof132yuan($16)amonth,accordingtotheweeklymagazineOutlook.依據(jù)《瞭望》周刊所載，上海一些餐館老板認(rèn)可，當(dāng)他們?cè)率杖胍呀?jīng)到達(dá)10萬(wàn)元（11900美元）時(shí)，湖南631000名居民還在為每個(gè)月132元（16美元）僅能勉強(qiáng)糊口工資而奔走努力。subsistencewagen.維持最低生活水平工資6第6頁(yè)bareadj.Justsufficient;mere剛才充分；僅有eg.1)thebarenecessities最低必需品2)Abarewordwouldbeenough.只要一句話就夠了。3)Alltheyhadwerethebarenecessitiesoflife.他們?nèi)績(jī)H僅是生活必需品而已。barely

adv.僅僅,剛才,幾乎不能7第7頁(yè)Gonearethedayswhenpeoplewhohad10,000yuan($1,190)weredubbedupstarts.Nowadays,apersonwhohas100,000yuan($11,900)isbarelyconsideredrich.有1萬(wàn)元（1900美元）收入就被冠為暴發(fā)戶時(shí)代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。當(dāng)今，一個(gè)人有10萬(wàn)元（11900美元）才被認(rèn)為是小富。Atthesametime,around10millionpeopleacrossthecountryarelivingsuchascantylifethattheycan'taffordenoughvegetablesandfruit.同時(shí)，在全國(guó)大約有1千萬(wàn)人正過(guò)著貧困生活，他們沒(méi)錢(qián)購(gòu)置蔬菜和水果。8第8頁(yè)dubvt.

1.Tohonorwithanewtitleordescription;nickname授予…新稱號(hào)，把…稱為;起綽號(hào)eg.1)Thekingdubbedhimaknight.國(guó)王封他為爵士。2)Theydubbedhimatraitor.他們叫他賣(mài)國(guó)賊。2.Toinsertanewsoundtrack,oftenasynchronizedtranslationoftheoriginaldialogue,into(afilm)配音：在（電影）中插入一條新聲道，普通是原對(duì)話同時(shí)翻譯eg.1)aSwedishfilmdubbedintoEnglish譯成英語(yǔ)瑞典影片2)dubforeignfilms為外國(guó)影片配音upstartn.Apersonofhumbleoriginwhoattainssuddenwealth,power,orimportance新貴，暴發(fā)戶：一個(gè)出身低賤人突然取得財(cái)富，權(quán)力或主要位置9第9頁(yè)scanty

a.

1.Barelysufficientoradequate不足：缺乏或不足eg.Cropsareveryscantythisyear.今年莊稼歉收。2.Barelylargeenough剛才夠大eg.

ascantybinini剛才夠大比基尼泳裝10第10頁(yè)Althoughthedisparityisinevitablewhenthecountryisinthestageoftransitionfromtheplannedeconomytoamarket-orientedeconomy,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchunequaldistributionofwealthisacceptableorfair.當(dāng)國(guó)家從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)，這種不平等是無(wú)法防止。不過(guò)，這并不是說(shuō)，財(cái)富分配不均能夠接收或者是公平。8Iftheincomegapkeepswideningandfinallydevelopstoapolarisation,itwillleadtodeepresentmentamongthepoor.Agrowingfearinthepublicisthatchronic

disaffectionwill

triggersocialdisruption.假如這種收入差距不停加大，并最終發(fā)展成為兩極分化，它將造成窮人產(chǎn)生極度不滿情緒。令人越來(lái)越擔(dān)心是這種長(zhǎng)久不滿情緒會(huì)造成社會(huì)分裂。disparity

n.inequality不平等disaffection

n.dissatisfaction不滿disruption

n.separating分裂11第11頁(yè)resentment

n.Indignationorillwillfeltasaresultofarealorimaginedgrievance憤恨eg.Hefeltresentment

attheintrusion.他因受到干擾而十分惱火。resentful

adj.eg.Hewasresentful

atthewayhehadbeentreated.他對(duì)所受待遇感到忿恨。chronic

adj.

1.Oflongduration;continuing長(zhǎng)久;連續(xù);慢性eg.chronicmoneyproblems長(zhǎng)久金錢(qián)困擾achronicalcoholic長(zhǎng)久酗酒酒徒chronicunemployment長(zhǎng)久失業(yè)achronicdisease慢性病2.Subjecttoahabitorpatternofbehaviorforalongtime慣常eg.achronicliar一貫說(shuō)謊人Heisachroniccomplainer.他這個(gè)人老是埋怨。12第12頁(yè)triggervt.Tosetoff;initiate,cause

觸發(fā),引發(fā)eg.1)Hisactionhastriggered

offacrisis.他行動(dòng)已經(jīng)引發(fā)一場(chǎng)危機(jī)。2)Asparktriggeredtheexplosion.一?；鹦且l(fā)了這場(chǎng)爆炸。trigger-happy

adj.亂開(kāi)槍,好戰(zhàn)13第13頁(yè)研究表明，通常低收入人沒(méi)有工作主動(dòng)性，對(duì)生活感到厭倦。其次，一些人是靠非法伎倆謀取暴利而致富，這樣會(huì)影響市場(chǎng)上公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。他們自我放縱生活方式對(duì)社會(huì)價(jià)值觀造成負(fù)面影響。為了縮小這種收入土差距，西方國(guó)家采取通常做法是，嚴(yán)格征收規(guī)定個(gè)人收入所得稅。Researchhasshownthatlow-incomepeopleusuallyhavenoworkinginitiativeandfeelsickaboutlife.Ontheotherhand,therichwhorisetofortunethroughillegalprofiteeringwill

frustratefaircompetitioninthemarketplace.Andtheirself-

indulgentlifestylehasanegativeeffectonsocialvalues.Tonarrowtheincomegap,themostcommonpractice(exercisedinwesterncountries)istolevystrictlyregulatedpersonalincometax.14第14頁(yè)profiteerv.Tomakelargeprofitsesp.bytakingadvantageoftimesofdifficultyorscarity,eg,inwar牟取暴利eg.Theyprofiteeredenormouslyduringthewar.他們?cè)趹?zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期大發(fā)不義之財(cái)。n.奸商frustrate

vt.

1.Topreventfromaccomplishingapurposeorfulfillingadesire;thwart妨礙,挫敗eg.Theymadetheirpreparationstofrustratetheconspiracy.他們作好準(zhǔn)備挫敗這個(gè)陰謀。2.Tocausefeelingsofdiscouragementorbafflementin

使氣餒喪氣eg.Hewasfrustrated

byrepeatedfailures.他因一再失敗而氣餒喪氣。15第15頁(yè)indulgent

a.Yieldingtothedesiresandwhimsof,especiallytoanexcessivedegree;lenient縱容;放縱;溺愛(ài);遷就eg.Sheisindulgent

tohergrandchildren.她溺愛(ài)孫兒女。2.Tolerant,good-tempered寬容;寬大[(+of/towards)]eg.1)Heisindulgent

towardshispupils.他對(duì)學(xué)生很寬容。2)Mr.Greenisindulgent

ofothers'shortcomings.格林先生對(duì)他人缺點(diǎn)總是寬大為懷。indulge

v.縱容，放縱indulgence

n.放任16第16頁(yè)10Unfortunately,thispracticedoesn’tfunctionwellinChinaduetothefledglingfinancialandbankingsystemsofthecountry,eventhoughithasbeenpursuedforabouttenyears,theweeklysaid.據(jù)周刊所載，不幸是，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)財(cái)政和金融系統(tǒng)尚不健全，盡管這種做法已經(jīng)實(shí)施了，對(duì)于縮小差距作用依然不大。11Forinstance,cashhasbeenplayingamajorroleintrade;therefore,itisdifficultforthegovernmenttocheckoutexactindividualincomelevels.例如，由于交易主要使用現(xiàn)金，所以政府很難查清個(gè)人確切收入水平。fledgling

adj.Newandinexperienced年輕或無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)pursuevt.Goonwith繼續(xù)做17第17頁(yè)另一個(gè)被普遍嘗試做法是，采取健全社會(huì)福利機(jī)制，改進(jìn)窮人生活水平，這些辦法普通包含住房、養(yǎng)老金、醫(yī)療、教育及救助資金等方面。12Theotherpracticethathasalsobeenuniversallytriedistoraisethestandardsofthepoorbyoperatingasoundsocialwelfaremechanismwhichusuallycoverslodging,pension,medicalcare,educationandrelieffunds.13Chinahasasimilarbutnotsosoundasystem,whichdidindeedcontributemuchtoincreasingtherealincomeofmostChineseinthepre-reformera.中國(guó)有一套類(lèi)似但并不十分健全體制，這套體制在改革前為提升多數(shù)中國(guó)人實(shí)際收入做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。18第18頁(yè)sound

adj.1.Healthy;ingoodcondition健康;健全eg.Sheissoundinbodyandmind.她身心健康。2.完好;堅(jiān)固eg.Iboughtthissoundhouseforasong.我以低價(jià)買(mǎi)了這所完好無(wú)損房子。3.Basedonvalidreasoning合理,明智eg.1)Iactedonhersoundadvice.我按她忠言去做了。2)Hehasasoundknowledgeofscience.他有良好科學(xué)知識(shí)。4.Thorough;complete徹底;不折不扣eg.Hisfathergavehimasoundbeatingformakingtrouble.他父親因他搗蛋而狠狠打了他一頓。adv.

十分地,充分地;酣暢地eg.HewasstillsoundasleepwhenIwentin.我走進(jìn)去時(shí)他還在酣睡。19第19頁(yè)14However,effortsseemtobeinadequateincomingtothelowincomepeople'srescue,especiallyinaperiodwhenreformshaveresultedinsomepeoplelosingtheirjobs.就低收入者救助而言，這些努力似乎還不夠，尤其是在改革使一些人失去了工作這一段時(shí)期。15Infact,afewcitiesinthecountryhavestartedtohandoutasortofreliefallowancetopeoplewhocanbarelymaintaintheirsubsistence.16Thepractice,asupplementtothesocialsecuritysystem,isdesignedmainlytocovertwogroupsofpeopleinthesociety.實(shí)際上，中國(guó)幾座城市已經(jīng)著手向那些幾乎不能維持生活人發(fā)放救助補(bǔ)助。這種做法是對(duì)社會(huì)安全辦法一個(gè)補(bǔ)充，它主要是對(duì)社會(huì)上兩類(lèi)人提供服務(wù)。20第20頁(yè)17Thetraditionalgroupincludesthedisabledandretiredwithoutpensions.Thesecondgroupconsistsofpeopledisplacedfromenterprises(runningintheredorgoingbankrupt).前一類(lèi)包含沒(méi)有養(yǎng)老金殘疾人和退休人員。另一類(lèi)包含從那些虧損或靠近破產(chǎn)企業(yè)下崗人員。displace

vt.1.Todischargefromanofficeorposition撤換，把…免職2.Totaketheplaceof替換eg.Televisionisdisplacingthemovies.電視逐步取代了電影。inthered虧損eg.I'm$100intheredthismonth.我這個(gè)月負(fù)債一百元。21第21頁(yè)18AccordingtoDojiCering,MinisterofCivilAffairs,boththeinstitutionofthereliefallowanceinsomecitiesandminimumwagesinsomeenterpriseshaveprovedsuccessfulinmaintainingsocialstabilityandsocialjustice.Thegovernmentorgansconcernedareconsideringcarryingoutthesemeasuresnationwide.However,thekeypointofthisissueisthecentralgovernmentisnotabletoserveasthesolesourceofthereliefallowance.Morechannelsareexpectedtobeexploredtoraisemorefunds.據(jù)民政部部長(zhǎng)多吉才讓介紹，一些城市實(shí)施發(fā)放救助金制度和一些企業(yè)實(shí)施最低工資保障制度已成功地維持了社會(huì)穩(wěn)定與社會(huì)公正。相關(guān)政府機(jī)構(gòu)正在考慮在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)推行這些辦法。然而，問(wèn)題關(guān)鍵是，中央政府無(wú)法成為發(fā)放救助補(bǔ)助惟一起源。人們期望政府開(kāi)辟更多渠道來(lái)籌集這些資金。22第22頁(yè)19Inthisregard,Shenyang,thecapitalcityofLiaoningProvinceandalsoapilotcityofthatsystem,isagoodexample.在這方面，遼寧省省會(huì)沈陽(yáng)市，作為率先推行這一制度城市，為其它城市樹(shù)立了一個(gè)好榜樣.20ThereliefallowanceinShenyangcomesfromdiversechannels.Enterprises,assortedpartyandgovernmentorganisationsandgovernmentfactoriesatalllevelstherearethethreemainsourcesforthereliefallowance,afundcreatedatthecitylevel.沈陽(yáng)市發(fā)放救助金起源于各種渠道。企業(yè)、各級(jí)黨政機(jī)關(guān)及政府管轄工廠成為這種救助金三種主要起源。這是一個(gè)市級(jí)救助基金。23第23頁(yè)pilot

adj.Servingasatentativemodelforfutureexperimentordevelopment試驗(yàn)性eg.1)apilotproject試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目2)Thisyearwearetryingapilotscheme.今年我們正在嘗試一項(xiàng)小規(guī)模試驗(yàn)性計(jì)劃。inlinewithinagreementwith與…一致，與…符合eg.1)Hisideasaren’tinlinewithmine.他想法與我不一樣。2)Yourplanisinlinewithmyideas.你計(jì)劃符合我想法。24第24頁(yè)21Thefundsraisedinthefinancialsectorarehandledbythelocalbank.Theindividualgovernmentfunctionariesareexpectedtodonatemoneythroughtheso-called‘WarmProject’.金融領(lǐng)域籌集資金由當(dāng)?shù)劂y行管理，政府公務(wù)員個(gè)人能夠經(jīng)過(guò)“溫暖工程”捐款。22Anotherkeypointinthismatt