2025高考英語(yǔ)步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)　Unit 1　Science and Scientists含答案

2025高考英語(yǔ)步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)Unit1ScienceandScientists含答案Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會(huì)意1．choleran．霍亂2．diarrhoean．腹瀉3．dehydrationn．脫水4．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的；不一致的5．germn．微生物；細(xì)菌；病菌6．pumpn．泵；抽水機(jī)；打氣筒7．waterpump水泵8．householdn．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人9．rawadj.未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的10．statisticn．[pl.-s]統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)11．epidemiologyn．流行病學(xué)12．microscopen．顯微鏡13．proteinn．蛋白質(zhì)14．celln．細(xì)胞；小房間；單間牢房15．virusn．病毒16．vaccinen．疫苗17．frameworkn．框架；結(jié)構(gòu)18．theoreticalframework理論框架19．rainbown．彩虹20．concreten．混凝土adj.混凝土制的；確實(shí)的；具體的21．plasman．血漿22．a(chǎn)erospacen．航空航天工業(yè)23．patrioticadj.愛(ài)國(guó)的24．mechanicaladj.機(jī)械的；發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的；機(jī)器的25．mechanicn．機(jī)械師；機(jī)械修理工26．a(chǎn)viationn．航空制造業(yè)；航空；飛行27．jetn．噴氣式飛機(jī)28．missilen．導(dǎo)彈29．a(chǎn)stronomern．天文學(xué)家30．a(chǎn)stronomyn．天文學(xué)31．telescopen．望遠(yuǎn)鏡Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．severeadj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的2．subscribevi.認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份)；定期訂購(gòu)；定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))3．suspectvt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象4．blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n．責(zé)備；指責(zé)5．handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動(dòng)；操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)6．linkn．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來(lái)；相關(guān)聯(lián)7．substantialadj.大量的；價(jià)值巨大的；重大的8．decreasen．減少；降低；減少量vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減??；降低9．transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變10．thinkingn．思想；思維；見(jiàn)解11．findingn．發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果；(法律)判決12．initialadj.最初的；開(kāi)始的；第一的13．solidadj.可靠的；固體的；堅(jiān)實(shí)的n．固體14．castvt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲15．shadown．陰影；影子；背光處16．pourvt.倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)17．leadershipn．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能18．tracevt.追溯；追蹤；查出n．痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡19．outstandingadj.優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；明顯的20．a(chǎn)bstractadj.抽象的；理論上的n．(文獻(xiàn)等的)摘要21．conceptn．概念；觀念22．besidesprep.除……之外(還)adv.而且；此外23．brilliantadj.聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的24．furthermoreadv.此外；再者25．faultn．弱點(diǎn)；過(guò)錯(cuò)26．shiftn．改變；轉(zhuǎn)換；輪班vi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)移；挪動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)向Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．frustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的→frustratevt.使懊惱；使沮喪→frustrationn．沮喪；懊惱；挫敗2．infectionn．感染；傳染→infectvt.使感染；傳染→infectiousadj.感染的；傳染的3．proofn．證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)→provevt.證明linkv．證明是4．multipleadj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→multiplyvi.&vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖5．interventionn．介入；出面；干涉→intervenevi.干擾；介入6．pureadj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→purelyadv.完全地；純粹地→purifyvt.凈化；使……潔凈；提純7．defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→defense/defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)8．a(chǎn)ssistantn．助理；助手→assistvt.&vi.幫助；協(xié)助→assistancen．幫助；協(xié)助；援助9．giftedadj.有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的→giftn．禮物；天賦10．steadyadj.穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的→steadilyadv.穩(wěn)定地；持續(xù)地11．vividadj.生動(dòng)的；鮮明的；豐富的→vividlyadv.生動(dòng)地；逼真地；鮮明地1．have...atheart把……放在心上；熱心于做某事2．keep...ontrack使……做法對(duì)路3．counton信賴；依靠；指望4．betray/bI'treI/vt.背叛；出賣；流露5．stickupto支持；捍衛(wèi)6．nurture/'n??t??(r)/vt.培育；養(yǎng)育7．undertaking/??nd?'teIkI?/n．任務(wù)；事業(yè)8．dwell/dwel/vi.居住；棲身dwellon老是想著或嘮叨某事(尤指令人不愉快之事)9．inform/In'f??m/vt.知會(huì)；通知；報(bào)告10．parallel/'p?r?lel/adj.對(duì)應(yīng)的；平行的Ⅳ.背核心短語(yǔ)1．onceandforall最終地；徹底地2．subscribeto同意；贊同3．thanksto幸虧；由于4．breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開(kāi)始；爆發(fā)5．inchargeof主管；掌管6．comedownwith患(病)；染上(小病)7．a(chǎn)boveall最重要的是；尤其是8．diefrom/of死于9．intime及時(shí)；遲早10．belikelytodosth很可能做某事Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.(until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)在英國(guó)醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。2．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.(so...that...)他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條特別的街道上，霍亂暴發(fā)是如此嚴(yán)重以至于十天內(nèi)死了500多人。3．Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?．Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(Itseemedthat...似乎……)該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來(lái)的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運(yùn)到家里來(lái)。5．Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(havesthdone)因此，他讓人把水泵的把手拆掉，這樣水泵就用不成了。6．Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair，unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.(形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))大多數(shù)人都很熟悉他坐在輪椅上無(wú)法動(dòng)彈，只能通過(guò)電腦來(lái)說(shuō)話的樣子。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共10分)1．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的；不一致的2．concreten．混凝土adj.混凝土制的；確實(shí)的；具體的3．frameworkn．框架；結(jié)構(gòu)4．householdn．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人5．rawadj.未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的6．statisticn．[pl.-s]統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)7．mechanicn．機(jī)械師；機(jī)械修理工8．proteinn．蛋白質(zhì)9．celln．細(xì)胞；小房間；單間牢房10．virusn．病毒Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(每小題1.5分，共15分)1．outstandingadj.優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；明顯的2．subscribevi.認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份)；定期訂購(gòu)；定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))3．brilliantadj.聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的4．blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n．責(zé)備；指責(zé)5．handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動(dòng)；操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)6．linkn．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來(lái)；相關(guān)聯(lián)7．decreasen．減少；降低；減少量vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減??；降低8．transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變9．castvt.投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲10．shiftn．改變；轉(zhuǎn)換；輪班vi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)移；挪動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)向Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題2.5分，共15分)1．frustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的→frustratevt.使懊惱；使沮喪→frustrationn．沮喪；懊惱；挫敗2．multipleadj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→multiplyvi.&vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖3．pureadj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→purelyadv.完全地；純粹地→purifyvt.凈化；使……潔凈；提純4．a(chǎn)ssistantn．助理；助手→assistvt.&vi.幫助；協(xié)助→assistancen．幫助；協(xié)助；援助5．vividadj.生動(dòng)的；鮮明的；豐富的→vividlyadv.生動(dòng)地；逼真地；鮮明地6．defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→defense/defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)Ⅳ.拔高詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)1．have...atheart把……放在心上；熱心于做某事2．counton信賴；依靠；指望3．stickupto支持；捍衛(wèi)4．betrayvt.背叛；出賣；流露5．informvt.知會(huì)；通知；報(bào)告Ⅴ.核心短語(yǔ)(每小題2分，共10分)1．onceandforall最終地；徹底地2．breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開(kāi)始；爆發(fā)3．diefrom/of死于4．intime及時(shí)；遲早5．belikelytodosth很可能做某事Ⅰ.詞形變化填空(每小題2.5分，共15分)1．Withsolidproof，thelawyercancertainlyprovethatheisinnocent.(prove)2．Hewasinfectedwithaninfectiousdiseaseandtheseriousinfectionlikelyclaimedhislife.(infect)3．Todefendherfrombeinghurt，Imustsaysomethinginherdefence.(defend)4．Thegiftedgirlwhoisdistributinggiftsamongthehomelesschildrenhasagiftformanyareas.(gift)5．Withsteadypolicies，thecompany’sexportshavebeenincreasingsteadily.(steady)6．Theproblemliesindecidingwhentointervene.Theinterventionwillhelpsettletheproblem.(intervene)Ⅱ.選詞填空(每小題3分，共15分)eq\x(subscribeto，comedownwith，thanksto，aboveall，inchargeof)1．Unfortunately，thepoorboycamedownwithasevereillness，whichwasdifficulttocure.2．AllthepeoplesubscribetothefactthatChangbaishanishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.3．I’dliketobuyahouse—modern，comfortableand，aboveallinaquietneighbourhood.4．CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?5．Thankstohishelp，myspeechwassosuccessfulthateveryonecheeredforme.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(xiě)(每小題3分，共15分)1．我會(huì)等到他來(lái)幫我。(until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)Iwillwaituntilhecometomyassistance.2．我認(rèn)為我從讀英文報(bào)Youth中獲益良多。(that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)IthinkthatIhavebenefitedalotfromreadingtheEnglishnewspaperYouth.3．似乎我們很難解出這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)題。(Itseemedthat...)Itseemedthatwehadgreatdifficultysolvingthemathproblem.4．我是如此害怕以至于我在馬背上大聲地尖叫。(so...that...)IwassofrightenedthatIscreamedatthetopofmyvoiceonthebackofthehorse.5．他嚇得要死，不能挪動(dòng)一步。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之恐懼心理描寫(xiě))(形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))Hewasfrightenedtodeath，unabletomoveaninch.Sincetheseverediseasebrokeout，manypeopleallovertheworld1.havebeeninfected(infect)．Thespecialistsinepidemiologywhoareoutstanding，giftedandpatrioticalongwiththeirassistantshavebeen2.inchargeoftracingthesourceofthevirusinordertodefendmorepeoplefrom3.beingkilled(kill)．Theydesiredtoproducevaccinetohandlethedeadlydiseaseonceandforall.Initially，withconcreteproofcollected，theysuspectedthatwildbatswere4.toblame(blame)．Butbyobservingtheviruswithmicroscopes，theygatheredsolidandmultiplestatisticsandmasteredtheframeworkofthevirus，which5.gradually(gradual)transformedtheirinitialcontradictorythinking.Allthefindingsmadethemsubscribetotheideathattheviruswasnotdirectlylinkedtothebats，whichmadethebrilliantexperts6.frustrated(frustrate)．Thisalsocastashadowontheexperts，sotheyhadtoshifttowards7.howtopreventthevirusfromspreadingamongpeople.Aboveall，thelesswegoout，thelesslikelywewillcomedownwiththedeadlydisease.Furthermore，takinginmoreproteinandeatingmorevegetablesaregood8.choices(choose)aswell.Lastbutnotleast，whatweshoulddoisthatwemustwearmasksoutdoors.Thankstotheseinterventions，thethreatofthediseasesawasubstantialdecrease.Thediseasehastaughtustoleadahealthylifesuchasdrinkingpureorboiledwater9.andavoidingrawfoods.Mostimportantly，weshouldhavefaithinourgovernment，under10.whoseleadership，wehaveachievedsteadysuccess.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n．指責(zé)；責(zé)備·betoblame(forsth)(對(duì)某事)負(fù)有責(zé)任，應(yīng)受責(zé)備blamesbforsth因某事責(zé)備某人；把某事歸咎于某人blamesthonsb/sth把某事歸咎于某人/某事·take/bear/shouldertheblame(forsth)承擔(dān)(……的)過(guò)錯(cuò)/責(zé)任put/place/laytheblame(forsth)onsb把(……的)責(zé)任推給某人(1)Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.(2023·北京)(2)老實(shí)說(shuō)，你不應(yīng)該把失敗完全歸咎于你的搭檔。畢竟，你也應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)。Tobehonest，youshouldnotcompletelyblamethefailureonyourpartner.Afterall，youshouldalsobetoblame/take/bear/shouldertheblameforit.(3)由于被指責(zé)考試沒(méi)考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之情緒描寫(xiě))Blamedfornotperformingwellintheexamination，thegirlcouldn’thelpcryingbitterly，buryingherfaceinherhands.decreasevt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低n．減少；降低；減少量·decrease(from...)to...(從……)減少到……decreaseby...降低了……decreasein...在……方面減少/減小/下降·onthedecrease在減少adecreaseof...(in...)(在……方面)……的減少量(1)Thankstothegovernment’stimelyintervention，thenumberofpeopleaffectedbythediseasehasdecreasedtothreehundred.(2)Accordingtoareport，therehasbeenadecreaseofnearly6%inthenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.(3)據(jù)報(bào)道，由于智能手機(jī)的問(wèn)世，看雜志的人數(shù)在減少。Itisreportedthatasaresultoftheappearanceofsmartphonesthenumberofpeoplewhoreadmagazinesisonthedecrease/isdecreasing.defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解[defenc(s)en．防御；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)]·defend...against/from(doing...)保護(hù)……免受……defendoneself自衛(wèi)；為自己辯護(hù)·indefence(of)保護(hù)；為了保衛(wèi)；(為……)辯護(hù)inone’sdefence為某人辯護(hù)(1)Facedwiththeseveredisaster，thegovernmentfirmlypromisedtodefenditspeopleagainst/frombeingharmed.(2)Theassistantsteppedbackappearingfrightenedandputupherhandsasifindefence(defend)．(3)看到這條兇猛的蛇，他像箭一樣沖過(guò)去保護(hù)兒子。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之肢體動(dòng)作描寫(xiě))Seeingthefiercesnake，herushedtodefendhissonlikeanarrow/herushedindefenceofhisson/inhisson’sdefencelikeanarrow.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是afterall畢竟；終究firstofall首先；第一allinall整體說(shuō)來(lái)；總而言之inall全部；合計(jì)atall(否定句)一點(diǎn)也，完全；(疑問(wèn)句)到底；究竟用all的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空(1)LearningthatyouarecomingtoBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityasanexchangestudent，Iamwritingtogiveyousomesuggestions.Firstofall，you’dbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.Afterall，youwillbeundercompletelyunfamiliarcircumstances.Secondly，youshouldbeoutgoing，activeandconfident.Aboveall，youshouldbeoptimistic，whichcanhelpyouadapttothenewsurroundingseasily.Allinall，studyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnoteasyatall.(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之建議信)(2)Thankstoyourtimelyandgeneroushelp，Imanagedtohandlethefourproblemsinall.until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國(guó)醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一?！ぎ?huà)線部分是由until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，那么主句需用肯定形式；若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性的，則主句常用否定式，構(gòu)成not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)?！さ寡b結(jié)構(gòu)：部分倒裝“Notuntil＋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或短語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”?！?qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/wasnotuntil＋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或短語(yǔ)＋that＋主句部分。(1)我將一直在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作直到我掙到足夠的錢幫助爸爸買輛新拖拉機(jī)。IwillkeepworkingonthefarmuntilIearnenoughmoneytohelpmyfatherbuyanewtractor.(2)直到我參加了籃球隊(duì)，我才意識(shí)到團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的重要性。①Ididn’trealizethesignificanceofteamworkuntilItookpartinthebasketballteam.(not...until...)②NotuntilItookpartinthebasketballteamdidIrealizethesignificanceofteamwork.(倒裝句)③ItwasnotuntilItookpartinthebasketballteamthatIrealizedthesignificanceofteamwork.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)so...that...Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條特別的街道上，霍亂暴發(fā)是如此嚴(yán)重以至于十天內(nèi)死了500多人。so/such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如此……以至于……”?！o...that...句型的常見(jiàn)形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(單數(shù))＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))＋that...·such...that...句型的常見(jiàn)形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(單數(shù))＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))＋that...·當(dāng)so/such放在句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。(1)他是如此緊張，以至于他感覺(jué)自己舌頭打結(jié)，手心出汗。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之緊張心理描寫(xiě))①Hewassonervousthathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.②Sonervouswashethathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(用倒裝句改寫(xiě))(2)自學(xué)室是一個(gè)如此吸引人的地方，因此許多學(xué)生會(huì)聚集在那里，以進(jìn)一步提高他們的學(xué)習(xí)水平。(2022·浙江6月，應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)Theself-studyroomissoappealingaplacethat/suchanappealingplacethatmanystudentswillgathertheretofurtherimprovetheirlearninglevel.(3)你在學(xué)習(xí)上取得了如此大的進(jìn)步，這次考試你一定會(huì)取得好成績(jī)。Youhavemadesuchgreatprogressthatyouaresuretodowellinthisexam.havesthdoneAccordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他讓人把水泵的把手拆掉，這樣水泵就用不成了。havesthdone使某事被做；請(qǐng)人做某事；主語(yǔ)遭遇某事havesbdosth讓某人做某事havesb/sthdoingsth讓某人一直做某事或讓某事處于某種狀態(tài)can’thavesbdoingsth不能容忍某人做某事havesthtodo有某事要做(1)我們開(kāi)始幫忙摘桃子，然后讓人把它們送到農(nóng)民家里。(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ，書(shū)面表達(dá))Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthemdeliveredtothefarmers’houses.(2)我很遺憾地告訴你，我將會(huì)讓你退出比賽，因?yàn)槲覀儾荒苋萑倘魏稳嗽诒荣愔凶鞅?。IregrettotellyouthatIwillhaveyouquitthecompetition，forwecan’thaveanybodycheatinginthegame.(3)我非常抱歉讓你等了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，因?yàn)閯偛盼矣幸患o急的事情要處理。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之道歉信)Iamterriblysorryforhavingyouwaitingformeforsolong，becauseIhadanurgentthingtoattendtojustnow.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．handleeq\x(A.vt.處理B.vt.操縱C.n.把手D.vt.用手觸、碰、拿)(1)Thewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.(2022·全國(guó)甲)D(2)Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsbutjudgingspeedanddistance.B(3)TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles.C(4)Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdouble-checkallthedetails，makesuggestions，andthenhandletheactualreservations.(2023·浙江1月)A2．subscribetoeq\x(A.訂閱B.贊成；同意C.捐助)(1)Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthiswayonceandforall.B(2)Thisistheschooltheoutstandingandpatrioticscientistsubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.C(3)UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtomultiplemagazinesrecently.A3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)Theresearchlackssolidproof，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful.可靠的(2)It’smyturntobeonthenightshift.班，輪班(3)Hereadthroughthepapersandmadeanabstractoftheircontents.摘要(4)Overtwentyprisonerswerecrushedintoasmalldarkcell.牢房；小房間(5)Thegovernmentneedstopumpmoremoneyintocommunitycare.大量注入Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)1．Furthermore，tabletennisissuchaninterestinggamethatpeopleallovertheworldplayit.2．Ihavetosayinhisdefencebecausehe，anhonestman，won’tstealanythinginthegrocerystore.3．Inreality，themechanicmadeaseveremistake，shifting(shift)hisweightnervouslyfromonefoottoanother.(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之緊張心理描寫(xiě))4．Howevergifted(gift)youare，youwon’tsucceedwithoutconstanteffortandperseverance.5．IwasovercomewithsadnessbecauseIwassuspectedofstealinghismoney.6．Suchameanwomanisshethatsheisalwaysfindingfaultwithothers，whichreallygetsusannoyed.7．Theoutstandingastronomerwhodevotedhimselftohiscareercamedownwithasevereillness.8．Ientirelybelievethatyouarenotlinkedto/withwhathappenedjustnow.9．Thankstoyourgeneroushelpandkindness，myfirstCanadatripwastransformedintoanunforgettablememory.(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之感謝信)10．Inasense，weshouldblamethepresentterribleenvironmentonhumans’over-consumption.假定你是李華，近日你校舉辦了以“科學(xué)之美”為主題的科學(xué)節(jié)sciencefestival。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)，給你的外國(guó)朋友Peter寫(xiě)一封信介紹該活動(dòng)，內(nèi)容包括：1.舉辦時(shí)間；2.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容；3.師生反響。完成句子1．我寫(xiě)信告訴你，上周我們學(xué)校舉辦了一場(chǎng)主題為“科學(xué)之美”的科學(xué)節(jié)，其目的是提高學(xué)生的科學(xué)意識(shí)。(that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)2．活動(dòng)期間，安排了一系列科學(xué)知識(shí)小測(cè)驗(yàn)、吸引人的先進(jìn)技術(shù)講座和來(lái)自學(xué)生的各種科學(xué)作品展覽，我們仿佛在享受一場(chǎng)科學(xué)盛宴。(whichseemsthat...)3．活動(dòng)幾乎持續(xù)了一整天，直到標(biāo)志著最后一節(jié)課結(jié)束的鈴聲響起。(until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)4．既激動(dòng)又興奮，不僅學(xué)生，部分教師也積極參與其中。(形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))5．這次活動(dòng)非常吸引人，所有參與者都對(duì)這次活動(dòng)給予了高度評(píng)價(jià)。(so...that...引導(dǎo)倒裝句)組句成篇把以上句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)和過(guò)渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。參考范文DearPeter，Howiseverythinggoingthesedays？Iamwritingtotellyouthatasciencefestivalwiththethemeof“TheBeautyofScience”waslaunchedinourschoollastweek，withthepurposeofraisingstudents’awarenessofscience.Duringtheactivity，aseriesofscientificknowledgequizzes，appealinglecturesaboutadvancedtechnologies，anddisplaysofvariousscientificworksfromusstudentswerearranged，whichseemedthatwewerehavingasciencefeast.Theactivitylastedalmostawholedayuntilthebellindicatingtheendofthelastclassrang.Thrilledandexcited，notonlystudentsbutalsosomeoftheteachersparticipatedinitactively.Soattractiveistheactivitythatallparticipantsspeakhighlyofitandhopesuchactivitieswillbeheldfrequently.Somuchistheactivity.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHua教材語(yǔ)料整合亮詞[人物描寫(xiě)]frustrated；contradictory；gifted；outstanding；brilliant；leadership[動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)]subscribeto；suspect；blame；handle；transform；cast；defend→defence；comedown(with)；inchargeof美句1.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.(情感描寫(xiě))2．Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(情感描寫(xiě))3．Forthisreason，Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.(比喻)4．BorninShanghaiin1911，QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.(人物描寫(xiě))5．Nevertheless，Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.(情感描寫(xiě))6．On31October2009，thewholecountrywassaddenedbyQian’sdeath.(擬人)7．Besidesbeingbrilliant，hewasbrave，thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.(人物描寫(xiě))8．Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay，andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.(排比)拓展語(yǔ)料積累情感細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)：憤怒(一)單詞ragen．&v．憤怒；boilv．怒火中燒；furiousadj.狂怒的；crossadj.生氣的；madadj.很生氣→madlyadv.發(fā)狂地；angryadj.生氣的→angern．生氣；憤怒v．激怒→angrilyadv.生氣地；annoyv．惹生氣；惹怒→annoyedadj.生氣的→annoyingadj.令人生氣的→annoyancen．生氣；憤怒詞塊flamewithanger/rage氣得臉通紅；turnwhitewithanger氣得臉色發(fā)白；bepurplewithanger/rage氣得臉色發(fā)紫；aflameofanger怒火；cloud(over)withanger怒容滿面；boilwithanger勃然大怒；glareatsb怒目而視；gobananas生氣；抓狂；biteone’sheadoff氣憤地對(duì)某人大喊大叫；loseone’stemper發(fā)脾氣句型1.Myteacherwasextremelydispleasedatmyconductandalmostshoutedatmeangrily.我的老師對(duì)我的行為極為不滿，幾乎憤怒地對(duì)我大喊大叫。2.ThemomentIsawhim，aflameofangershotthroughme.一看到他我就怒火中燒。3.Hegothotunderthecollarwhenhewasaskedtoberesponsibleforwhathehaddone.當(dāng)他被要求為自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)時(shí)，他很憤怒。4.Rageflowedthroughherlikelavawhenshegottheannoyingnews.當(dāng)她得到這個(gè)令人氣憤的消息時(shí)，憤怒像熔巖一樣彌漫她全身。5.Hersillyconductreallymademybloodboil.她愚蠢的行為真讓我怒火中燒。6.Onethingyoushouldkeepinmindisthatyourcertainhabitsmaygetonotherpeople’snerves.你得記住一件事：你的某些習(xí)慣可能會(huì)把別人惹毛。語(yǔ)料運(yùn)用杰出人物KnowingQianXuesenwasdeterminedtoreturntohismotherland，theauthoritiesoftheUS①wentbananas/boiledwithanger/gothotunderthecollar.They②couldn’tallowsuchabrilliantgeniustoleaveanddetainedhisfamilies，③whichmadehimflamewithanger/rage(定語(yǔ)從句)．④Soangrywashethat(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))hegaveupallhehadachievedinAmerica.⑤Withaflameofangerinmind(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))，hewiselyfoughtwiththeUSandafterovercomingmanydifficulties，hemanagedtoreturntoChinain1955.Hisreturn⑥castalightonChina’srocketscienceand⑦underhisleadership，ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles.美國(guó)當(dāng)局知道錢學(xué)森決心回國(guó)后，極為生氣。他們不能允許這樣一個(gè)才華橫溢的天才離開(kāi)，扣留了他的家人，這讓他勃然大怒。他如此憤怒以至于放棄了他在美國(guó)取得的一切。帶著滿腔怒火，他高明地與美國(guó)斗爭(zhēng)，并在克服了許多困難后，于1955年成功返回中國(guó)。他的歸來(lái)照亮了中國(guó)的火箭科學(xué)，在他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)研制了東風(fēng)導(dǎo)彈。高考題型組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A★HeZehui，aChinesenuclearphysicist，accomplishedgreatthingsinphysicsandbecameanoutstandingscientist.Herfamilyisfamousforproducingthreefamouswomenscientists，includinghertwosisters.ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreeinphysics，andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin，whereshewasthetopinherclass，outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China’s“fatheroftheatomicbomb”．In1940，sheearnedaPhDinEngineering.Thecouplemadegreatdiscoveriesinthefieldofuraniumfission(鈾核裂變)，whichdrewglobalattentionandearnedthemworldwidereputations，alsomarkingamilestoneinthedevelopmentofChina’sexperimentalfissionphysics.ManyWesternmediacalledthecouplethe“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina”．AsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnologyinChina，ProfessorHecontributedagreatdealtonuclearphysics.Duringthe1950s，shestartedtheresearchanddevelopmentofnuclearemulsions(核乳膠)inChinaandtheirresearchreachedtheadvancedworldlevelatthattime.SheandherresearchgrouptooktheleadinbuildingChina’sfirstnuclearreactorandaccelerator.ShewasawardedthefirstAwardoftheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciencesformakingoutstandingachievementsinsupportingthenationalprogramofnuclearweapondevelopment.Throughouthercareer，Sheconqueredmanyobstacles，andwasalwaysonthefrontlineofChina’sscience-relatedwork.Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.Theworld’stopphysicistsrecognizedherasafamousscientist，“ChineseMadameCurie”．ShepassedawayinBeijingin2011attheageof97，nearly20yearsafterQianSanqiang.Shededicatedherselftoscience，livingasimplelife，alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience；tobothsheisnowanicon.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹了中國(guó)偉大的核物理科學(xué)家何澤慧及其成就。)1．Whatisthefocusofparagraph2aboutHeZehui?A．Identitybackground.B．Characterpersonalities.C．Educationexperiences.D．Professioncompetence.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversity...In1940，sheearnedaPhDinEngineering.”可知，本段主要介紹何澤慧的教育經(jīng)歷。故選C。2．WhatdoweknowaboutQianSanqiang?A．Hediedfollowinghiswifein1991.B．HewontheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciences.C．HeassistedHeZehuitodevelopfissionphysics.D．HeisalsoaremarkableChinesescientist.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...herfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China’s‘fatheroftheatomicbomb’．”和第三段介紹的夫妻倆的成就可知，其丈夫錢三強(qiáng)也是一位偉大的中國(guó)科學(xué)家。故選D。3．WhyisHeZehuiacknowledgedas“MarieCurieofChina”？A．Forhergreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.B．Forheraccomplishmentintheatomicbomb.C．Forhercontinuousachievementinnaturalscience.D．Forherresearchofnuclearemulsions.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句和第四段第一句可知，何澤慧因?qū)宋锢砜茖W(xué)作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)而被稱為“中國(guó)的居里夫人”。故選A。4．HowcanwefittinglydescribeHeZehui?A．Ambitious，talented，conservativeanddetermined.B．Unselfish，patriotic，indifferenttofameanddevotedtoscience.C．Aggressive，imaginative，stronginmindandkindinheart.D．Knowledgeable，awesome，creativeandsociable.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.”和最后一段中的“Shededicatedherselftoscience，livingasimplelife...lovedhercountryandscience...”可知，何澤慧無(wú)私、愛(ài)國(guó)、淡泊名利、獻(xiàn)身于科學(xué)事業(yè)，有極高的科研素養(yǎng)。故選B。B★Aswinterarrives，theproblemoffogged-upcarwindscreensbecomesmorepressingfordrivers.Anti-mistingsprays(噴霧劑)areonewaytodealwithsuchfogging.Buttheyneedfrequentreapplication.Anotherapproachistofixwithinthethingtobedemistedasetofelectricallypoweredheatingwires.Butbecauseofthevisualdistraction(分心)created，thatdoesn’tworkforacar’sfrontwindscreen.IranHachlerandDimosPoulikakosoftheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinZurichhave，however，comeupwithanotherwayofwarmingsomethinguptostopfogforming.Theirnewmaterialisacoatingtennanometres(納米)thick.Itisflexible，easilymadeusingexistingprocesses，andcanbeappliedasacoatingtoglassorplastic，orinsetinsidesuchmaterials.Itsdemistingpropertiesarepoweredbysunlight.Ineffect，itisagoldsandwich.The“bread”ofthissandwichisapairoflayers(層)，topandbottom，ofachemicalmaterial，eachthreenanometresthick.Thefillingisafour-nanometredeepgoldenmaterial.Thewholestructureletsvisiblelightpassunlimited，whileabsorbinginvisiblelightsandtransformingthemintoheat.Itisthefillingthatwarmstheglass.Goldactsasamediumintheheatingprocess.Thenetworkwillnowabsorbheatifleftinthesunshine.Thetopandbottomlayersboostthatabsorption.GlasscoatedwithMrHachler’sandDrPoulikakos’sinventionis，theyclaim，fourtimesmoreeffectiveatpreventingfogthananuncountedsurface.Itabsorbsaround30%ofsolarradiationincidentuponitwhich，onasunnyday，increasesthetemperatureofwhatitisappliedtobyaround8℃.Onacloudyday，thattemperatureriseiscloserto3－4℃.Butineithercasetheenhancementissufficientbothtoremoveanyfogthathasformedandtopreventnewfogforming.Thenextstep，MrHachlersays，istofindtheproduct’sbestmarket.Eventhoughgoldisused，thecostofaddingthisextraoneislow.Forthetwoinventors，though，theideamightproveagoldmine.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。隨著冬天的到來(lái)，汽車擋風(fēng)玻璃被霧遮住的問(wèn)題對(duì)司機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)變得更加緊迫。文章介紹了一種新的解決方法。5．Whatisthedisadvantageofanti-mistingsprays?A．Theyhavenolastingeffect.B．Theydamagethewindscreens.C．Theyturnthedrivers’attentionaway.D．Theyareconstantlypoweredbyelectricity.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Anti-mistingsprays(噴霧劑)areonewaytodealwithsuchfogging.Buttheyneedfrequentreapplication.”可知，防霧噴霧劑的缺點(diǎn)是它們沒(méi)有持久的效果。故選A。6．Whatisthefunctionofthecenterlayer?A．Tosaveupheat.B．Toprotectthegold.C．Toproduceelectricity.D．Toheatthewindscreens.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thewholestructureletsvisiblelightpassunlimited，whileabsorbinginvisiblelightsandtransformingthemintoheat.Itisthefillingthatwarmstheglass.Goldactsasamediumintheheatingprocess.”可知，中間層的作用是加熱擋風(fēng)玻璃。故選D。7．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheinventionfromparagraph4?A．Itisuselessoncloudydays.B．Itisunabletoworkatnight.C．Coatedglassabsorbsthevisiblelights.D．Uncoatedglasslowersthetemperatureby8℃.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Itabsorbsaround30%ofsolarradiationincidentuponitwhich，onasunnyday，increasesthetemperatureofwhatitisappliedtobyaround8℃.Onacloudyday，thattemperaturerise...Butineithercasetheenhancementissufficientbothtoremoveanyfogthathasformedandtopreventnewfogforming.”可推知，該發(fā)明不能在晚上工作。故選B。8．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewinvention?A．Itisverycostly.B．Ithitsthemarketwell.C．Itishighlyprofitable.D．Itneedsfurtherimprovement.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenextstep，MrHachlersays，istofindtheproduct’sbestmarket.Eventhoughgoldisused，thecostofaddingthisextraoneislow.Forthetwoinventors，though，theideamightproveagoldmine.”可知，作者認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明是高利潤(rùn)的。故選C。Ⅱ.完形填空Onespringevening，Iwasincrediblywornafteralongdayofschool.Iwishedfor1butIhadtodragmyheavyfeettotheviolinstudio.IwasplayingMoldautoKate，myteacher.Isimplycouldn’tplaywith2，though.WhileIfollowedallthe3onthesheetmusic，Istill4tomakemusicdescribingspringwithfull-blownflowerssoundlikeflowersdying