職稱英語理工類a級模擬41

職稱英語理工類A級模擬41

第1部分：詞匯選項

1、Thecommitteecomprisesfivepersons.

A.absorbsB.concernsC.excludesD.involves

2、Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

A.damagedB.shakenC.fallenD.

jumped

3、Asanassistantinashop,shetriestobecourteousatalltimes,evenwhen

sheisverytired.

A.straightforwardB.polite

C.flexibleD.neat

4、Withimmenserelief,Istoppedrunning.

A.someB.enormousC.littleD.extensive

z/

5、Joecametothewindowasthecrowdchanted''Joe,JoezJoe

A.repeated

B.jumped

C.maintained

D.approached

6、Thecontempthefeltforhisfellowstudentswasobvious

A.hate

B.need

C.love

D.Pity

7、AssoonasJenniferaskedhisnameandaddressthemanrangoff,

A.rangbackB.rangup

C,hungUPD.hungon

8、Georgeisveryproudofhisnewstatusinthecompany.

A.statueB.office

C.stateD.professionalposition

9、Youmustshineyourshoes.

A.lightenB.cleanC.washD.polish

10、Thetruthisthathehasjustbeenfired.

A.situationB.condition

C.errorD.fact

11>Hearingproblemsmaybealleviatedbychangesindietandexercisehabits.

A.removedB.cured

C.worsenedD.relieved

12>Thelocalgovernmentdecidedtomergethetwofirmsintoabigone.

A.motivateB.combineC.compactD.nominate

13>AlthoughoriginallyaGermaninnovation,kindergartengotitsrealstart

intheUnitedStatesasamovementtoprovideanimprovedlearningenvironment

forchildren.

A.aneasyB.aplayfulC.anopenD.abetter

14>Thelandcrabaforest-floorscavengernativetotropicalAmerica,migrates

tothewatertobreed.

A.dieB.swimC.mateD.hatch

15>Theseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldpeople.

A.natural

B.fatal

C.tiny

D?enormous

第2部分：閱讀判斷

AGreatQuakeComing?

EveryonewholivesinSanFranciscoknowsthatearthquakesarecommonin

theBayArea--andtheycanbedevastating.In1906,forexample,amajorquake

destroyedabout28,000buildingsandkilledhundreds,perhapsthousandsof

people.Residentsnowwonderwhenthenext''BigOne^willstrike.It1sbound

tohappensomeday.Atleastsevenactivefault（斷層）linesrunthroughtheSan

Franciscoarea.FaultsareplaceswherepiecesofEarth1scrust（地殼）slide

pasteachother.Whenthesepiecesslip,thegroundshakes.

Toprepareforthatday,scientistsareusingnewtechniquestoreanalyze

the1906earthquakeandpredicthowbadthedamagemightbewhenthenext

onehappens.

Onenewfindingaboutthe1906quakeisthattheSanAndreasfaultsplit

apartfasterthanscientistshadassumedatthetime.Duringsmallearthquakes,

faultsrupture（1斷裂）atabout2.7kilometerspersecond.Duringbiggerquakes,

however,rupturescanhappenatratesfasterthan3.5kilometerspersecond.

Atsuchhighspeeds,massiveamountsofpressurebuildup,generating

undergroundwavesthatcancausemoredamagethanthequakeitself.Luckyfor

SanFrancisco,thesepressurepulses（脈沖）traveledawayfromthecityduring

the1906event.Asbadasthedamagewas,itcouldhavebeenfarworse.

Lookingahead,scientistsaretryingtopredictwhenthenextmajorquake

willoccur.Recordsshowthatearthquakeswerecommonbefore1906.Sincethen,

theareahasbeenrelativelyquiet.Patternsinthedata,however,suggest

thattheprobabilityofamajorearthquakestrikingtheBayAreabefore2032

isatleast62percent.

NewbuildingsinSanFranciscoarequitesafeincaseoffuturequakes.Still,

morethan84percentofthecity1sbuildingsareoldandweak.Analysessuggest

thatanothermassiveearthquakewouldcauseextensivedamage.

PeoplewholivetheretodaytendtofeelsafebecauseSanFranciscohas

remainedprettyquietforawhile.Accordingtothenewresearch,however,it*s

notamatterof''if,ztheBigOnewillhit.It*sjustamatterofwhen.

16NTheSanFranciscoareaislocatedaboveseveralactivefaultlines.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>The1906earthquakeinSanFranciscoisthemostsevereoneinAmerican

history.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Thehighestspeedoffaultrupturesinthe1906quakewasmorethan3.5

kilometerspersecond.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、EarthquakesrarelyhappenedinSanFranciscobefore1906.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、SanFranciscoisfullypreparedforanotherbigearthquake.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Scientistswillbeabletopredicttheexacttimeofanearthquakesoon.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、AmajorearthquakestrikingSanFranciscosomedayisinevitable.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

A.industriallypollutedsoils

B.rockandsoilchemistry

C.naturallypollutedsoils

D.thepathwaysofmetalsintothefood

E.theelementofiodine

F.thepersistenceofheavymetals

23、Somediseasesareconnectedwithdeficiencyof.

24、Itisextremelynecessarytostudythelong-termeffectscausedbyliving

on.

25、Geologistsareindispensableintheresearchprojectongeologyandhealth

duetotheirknowledgeon.

26、Industriallycontaminatedsitesusuallyrequireathoroughclean-updue

to.

A.Goals

B.HistoryofWomen*sRightsMovement

C.StartofWomen1sRightsMovement

D.TraditionalStatusofWomen

E.RightsofWomen

F.Development

27>Paragraph2

28>Paragraph3

29、Paragraph4

30、Paragraph5

第4部分：閱讀理解

第一篇

PlantGas

Scientistshavebeenstudyingnaturalsourcesofmethane（甲烷，沼氣）for

decadesbuthadn1tregardedplantsasaproducer,notesFrankKeppler,a

geochemist（地球化學家）attheMaxPlanekInstituteforNuclearPhysicsin

Heidelberg,Germany.NowKepplerandhiscolleaguesfindthatplantszfrom

grassestotrees,mayalsobesourcesofthegreenhousegas.Thisisreally

surprising,becausemostscientistsassumedthatmethaneproductionrequires

anoxygen-freeenvironment.

Previously,researchershadthoughtthatitwasimpossibleforplantsto

makesignificantamountsofthegas.Theyhadassumedthatmicrobes（微生物）

needtobeinenvironmentswithoutoxygentoproducemethane.Methaneisa

greenhousegas,likecarbondioxide.Gasessuchasmethaneandcarbondioxide

trapheatinEarth1satmosphereandcontributetoglobalwarming.

Initsexperiments,Keppler1steamusedsealedchambers（室，房間；月空）that

containedthesameconcentrationofoxygenthatEarth*satmospherehas.They

measuredtheamountsofmethanethatwerereleasedbybothlivingplantsand

driedplantmaterialzsuchasfallenleaves.

Withthedriedplants,theresearcherstookmeasurementattemperatures

rangingfrom30degreesCelsiusto70degreesC..At30degreesC.ztheyfound,

agramofdriedplantmaterialreleasedupto3nanograms（微克）ofmethane

perhour（Onenanogramisabillionthofagram.）.Withevery10-degreerise

intemperature,theamountofmethanereleasedeachhourroughlydoubled.

Livingplantsgrowingattheirnormaltemperaturesreleasedasmuchas

370nanogramsofmethanepergramofplanttissueperhour.Methaneemissions

tripled（增力口三倍）whenlivinganddeadplantwasexposedtosunlight.

Becausetherewasplentyofoxygenavailable,it1sunlikelythatthetypes

ofbacteria（bacterium的復數，細菌）thatnormallymakemethanewereinvolved.

Experimentsonplantsthatweregrowninwaterratherthansoilalsoresulted

inmethaneemissions.That*sanotherstrongsignthatthegascamefromthe

plantsandnotsoilmicrobes.

Thenewfindingisanninterestingobservation,nsaysJenniferY.King,

abiogeochemist（生物土也球化學家）attheUniversityofMinnesotainSt.Paul.

Becausesometypesofsoilmicrobesconsumemethaneztheymayprevent

plant-producedmethanefromreachingtheatmosphere.Fieldtestswillbeneeded

toassesstheplant1sinfluence,shenotes.

31、Whatwasscientists1understandingofmethane?

A.Itwasproducedfromplants.

B.Itwasnotagreenhousegas.

C.Itwasproducedinoxygen-freeenvironments.

D.Ittrapsmoreheatthananyothergreenhousegas.

32、Totestwhetherplantsareasourceofmethane,thescientistscreated

A.aoxygen-freeenvironment

B.anenvironmentwiththesameconcentrationofoxygenastheEarthhas

C.acarbondioxide-freeenvironment

D.anenvironmentfilledwiththegreenhousegas

33、Whichstatementistrueofthemethaneemissionsofplantsintheexperiment?

A.Thelowerthetemperature,thehighertheamountofmethaneemissions.

B.Livingplantsreleaslessmethanethandriedplantsatthesame

temperature.

C.Whenexposedtosunlight,plantsstopreleasingmethane.

D.Thehigherthetemperature,thegreatertheamountofmethaneemissions.

34、WhichofthefollowingaboutmethaneisNotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Plantsgrowinginsoilreleasemethane.

B.Plantsgrowinginwaterreleasemethane.

C.Soilmicrobesconsumemethane.

D.Microbesinplantsproducemethane.

35、Whatisthebeneficialpointofsomemicrobesconsumingplant-produced

methane?

A.Methanebecomeslesspoisonous.

B.Methaneisturnedintoafertilizer.

C.Lessmethanereachestheatmosphere.

D.Airbecomescleaner.

弟一局

SugarPowerforCellPhones

Usingenzymescommonlyfoundinlivingcells,anewtypeoffuelcellproduces

smallamountsofelectricityfromsugar.Ifthetechnologyisabletosucceed

inmassproduction,youmaysomedayshareyoursweetdrinkswithyourcell

phone.

Infuelcells,chemicalreactionsgenerateelectricalcurrents.Theprocess

usuallyreliesonpreciousmetalszsuchasplatinum.Inlivingcells,enzymes

performasimilarjob,breakingdownsugarstoobtainelectronsandproduce

energy.

Whenresearcherspreviouslyusedenzymesinfuelcells,theyhadtrouble

keepingthemactive,saysShelleyD.MinteerofStLouisUniversity.Whereas

biologicalcellscontinuallyproducefreshenzymes,there*snomechanismin

fuelcellstoreplaceenzymesastheyquicklydegrade.

MinteerandTamaraKlotzbach,alsoofStLouisUniversityzhavenowdeveloped

polymersthatwraparoundanenzymeandpreserveitinamicroscopicpocket.

"Wetailorthesepocketstoprovidetheidealmicroenvironment"fortheenzymez

Minteersays.Thepolymerskeeptheenzymeactiveformonthsinsteadofdays.

Inthenewfuelcellztinypolymerbagsofenzymeareembeddedinamembrane

thatcoatsoneoftheelectrodes.Whenglucosefromasugaryliquidgetsinto

apocket,theenzymeoxidizesit,releasingelectronsandprotons.Theelectrons

crossthemembraneandenterawirethroughwhichtheytraveltotheother

electrode,wheretheyreactwithoxygenintheatmospheretoproducewater.

Theflowofelectronsthroughthewireconstitutesanelectricalcurrentthat

cangeneratepower.

Sofar,thenewfuelcellsdon11producemuchpower,butthefactthat

theyworkatallisexciting,saysPaulKenis,achemicalengineeratthe

UniversityofIllinoisatUrhana-Champaign."Justgettingittowork,nKenis

says,Hisamajoraccomplishment.n

Sugar-eatingfuelcellscouldbeanefficientwaytomakeelectricity.

Sugariseasytofind.Andthenewfuelcellsthatrunonitarebiodegradable,

sothetechnologywouldn11hurttheenvironment.Thescientistsarenowtrying

tousedifferentenzymesthatwillgetmorepowerfromsugar.Theypredict

thatpopularproductsmaybeusingthenewtechnologyinaslittleas3years.

36、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whencanweshareoursweetdrinkswith

ourcellphones?

A.Whenenzymescanbecommonlyfoundinlivingceils.

B.Whenthetechnologyofproducinganewtypeoffuelcellappears.

C.Whenthetechnologyofanewtypeoffuelcellissuitableformass

production.

D.Whenthetechnologyofmassproducingcellphonesappears.

37、WhattroubledidMinteerandKlotzhachhaveintheirresearch?

A.Theyhadtroublekeepingenzymesinfuelcellsactive.

B.Theyhadtroublekeepingbiologicalcellsactive.

C.Theyhadtroubleproducingfreshenzymes.

D.Theyhadtroublefindingmechanismforproducingenzymes.

38、AccordingtoParagraph5zelectronsarereleased.

A.whenbagsofenzymeareembeddedinthenewfuelcell

B.whenglucosefromasugaryliquidgoesthroughtheenzyme

C.whentheenzymeoxidizestheglucosefromasugaryliquidthatgoes

throughapocket

D.whentheenzymeoxidizesthesugaryliquidthatgoesthroughapocket

39、Whatisexcitingaboutthenewfuelcells?

A.Theirlimitlesspowergenerationcapacityisamazing.

B.Theirlimitedpowergenerationcapacityisagoodbeginning.

C.Theirlimitedpowergenerationcapacityistheresultofgreatefforts.

D.Theirlimitlesspowergenerationcapacityisamajoraccomplishment.

40、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatisNOTtrueofthenewfuelcells?

A.Thenewfuelcellsrunonsugarthatiseasytofind.

B.Thenewfuelcellsareenvironmentfriendly.

C.Thenewfuelcellsarebiologicallydegradable.

D.Itwilltakesometimebeforethenewfuelcellscanbeusedinpopular

products.

InspectingaUsedCar

Thescariestpartofbuyingausedcarisnotbeingcompletelysureof

whatconditionit*sin.Acarthat*sbeeninamajoraccidentisalwaysa

biggerrisk,butsellersoftentrytohidethisinformation.AndrewBleakleyz

evaluator-inspector,runsamobilevehicleinspectionserviceinMontreal.

1

Forabout$80hewillperformafullzunbiasedinspectiononausedvehicle.

Inhis10yearsasaprofessionalinspector,Bleakl*eyhasseenalot.He

warns."Watchoutfordealerdemonstrationvehicleswhichareused,notnew.

Theymayhavebeeninacollision.nHeaddsthatitisnotuncommoninOntario

andQuebecespeciallyforunscrupuloussellerstorollbacktheodometeror

toevendisengageit.Bleakieyhasspecialtoolstocheckforthis.

Bleakleyalwaysrecommendshiringallindependenttechniciantoinspect

theconditionofa.usedcarbeforeyoubuyit.Theproblemisfindingsomeone

qualifiedtodotheinspection.Whichhesaysgenerallydoesn*tmeanjust

anymechanic.Athoroughmechanicalinspectionincludescheckingthe

compression,allmajorsystems,includingtheenginezelectricalandcharging

systemsztransmissionanddriveline,fluidszbrakes,suspension,andsteering.

1

Essentialztoo,isallinspectionofthecarsbodyandfinallyaroadtest.

Thereare,however,afewthingseveryonecandobeforebuyingausedcar：

Doavisualcheckofthecar.Lookattherightreardoorhinges.Ifthey

areveryworn,orthedoordoesn1tclosewell,thecarmayhavebeenused

asataxi.Holesintheroofcouldmeanthecarwasusedfordeliveries.

Checkforoilleaksonthepavement.Notethatleaksarenotnecessarily

asignificantproblem—itdependsonthecause.

Don*tassumethatnewlookingbrakeandacceleratorpedalsmeanthecar

hash11beendrivenmuch.Resellersknowpeoplecheckthesedetailsandcan

buynewpadsforaround$6.

Copydownthevehicle1identificationnumber（VIN）.a17-character

combinationofnumbersandletters,fromthevehicle*sdashboard.InOntado,

askthedealerorsellerfortheUsedVehicleInformationPackage.Thisgives

detailsofpreviousownerszanyoutstandingliensonthecar,andthefair

marketvalueofthevehicle.

collisionn.碰撞；碰撞事故odometern.里程表compression!!,壓縮；壓縮量pedal

n.踏腳lienn.扣押權unscrupulousadj.不擇手段的disengagev.松開；使脫離

transmissionn,傳輸suspensionn?懸架hingen,專交鏈dashboardn.儀表板

41>Accordingtothepassage,inbuyingasecond-handvehicleitismostimportant

toknow_______.

A.howlongithasbeenused

B.whatcoloritis

C.whetherithasbeeninacollision

D.whetheritleaksoil

42、Allofthefollowingarementionedastrickswhichdishonestsecond-hand

cardealersmayplayupontheircustomersEXCEPT_______.

A.tore-paintthecarB.torollbacktheodometer

C?toreplacetheoldpedalD.todisengagetheodometer

43、”Anindependenttechnician*1inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph

means.

A.atechnicianwhochecksacarfreeofcharge

B.atechnicianwholearnedhistradeallbyhimself

C.atechnicianwhoworksforaparticularcar-dealer

D.atechnicianwhorunshisowninspectionservice

44、AccordingtoBleakly,beforebuyingausedcaralltheinspectionwork

A.bedonebymechanictogetherwiththedealer

B.onlybedonebyaqualifiedmechanic

C?bedonebythebuyerhimself

D.bedonebyaqualifiedmechanictogetherwiththebuyer

45、Accordingtothepassagezfromwhichofthefollowingcanthebuyerobtain

reliableinformationofthepreviousowner?

A.Thevehicleidentificationnumber.

B.Theunbiasedinspector.

C.Thesecond-handcardealer.

D.TheusedVehicleInformationPackage.

第5部分：補全短文

RuiningtheRuins

Acidrain（酸雨）isnowafamiliarproblemintheindustrializedcountries

inEurope.Harmfulgasesareproducedbypowerstationsandcars.Theydissolve

inrainwaterandthismakesacidrain,whichdamagestreeszriversandstreams.

Acidrainisalsocapableofdissolvingsomerocks.Andbuildingsmade

ofsoftrock,suchaslimestone（石灰石），areparticularlybadlyaffected.

Theacidrainattackstherock,andsocarvingsandstatuesareeroded（受

腐蝕）morequickly.

46AccordingtoareportintheNewScientist,acidrainisbeingblamed

fortherapiddecayofancientruinsinMexico.Theoldlimestonebuildings

inplaceslikeChichenItza,TulumandPalenquearewearingawayveryquickly

indeed.ThesesitesaretheremainsofthebuildingsbuiltbytheMayasbetween

250BCandAD900,andthespectacularruinsofMayancivilizationarevisited

bythousandsoftouristseveryyear.

Butthoseruinsareindangerofbeingseriouslydamagedbypollution.

Atmanysitesthestonehasbeencoveredwithalayerofblacksubstance.47.

Scientistsestimatethataboutonemillimeterofstoneiswornawayevery

twelveyears.48Theacidrainissaidtobecausedbypollutionfromoil

wellsintheGulfofMexico.Carexhaustgasesarealsoaproblem.Localvolcanic

eruptionsmaketheproblemevenworse.Nevertheless,withenoughmoneyand

effort,researcherssaythatmanyoftheproblemscouldbesolvedandthe

rateoferosionreduced.49,

Mexico*scurrentlackoffundsisalsopartlyduetooil.Thecountryhas

richoilfieldsandafewyearsago,whenoilwasexpensive,Mexicowasselling

largequantitiesofoiltotheUSAandearningalotofmoney.50However,

thepriceofoilthendropped,andMexicohasbeenleftowingenormoussums

ofmoneyandwithnotenoughincomefromoilsalestopaybacktheloans.

SounlessthepriceofoilriseszitisunlikelythatMexicowillb