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職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級模擬6
第1部分:詞匯選項
下面共有15個句子,每個句子均有一個詞或短語劃有底橫線,請從每個句子后面所
給的四個選項中選擇一個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。
1>Howcanwereducetheriskofcancer?
A.cutmB.cutdownC.cutoffD.cutout
2、Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreased
thecostofshippingcargobywater.
A.continuouslyB.quickly
C.excessivelyD.exceptionally
3、Duringthepasttenyearstherehavebeendramaticchangesintheinternational
situation.
A.permanentB.powerful
C.strikingD.practical
4、Themostcrucialproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarce
resources.
A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent
5、Hisnewgirlfriendhadomittedtotellhimthatshewasmarried.
A.failedB.deletedC.refusedD.rejected
6、Thesubstancecanbeaddedtogasolinetoacceleratethespeedofautomobiles.
A.quickenB.shortenC.loosenD.enlarge
7、Weshouldnevercontentourselveswithalittleknowledgeonly.
A.convinceB.satisfyC.comfortD.benefit
8、Weshouldcontemplatedtheproblemfromallsides.
A.deliberatedB.thoughtC.describedD.designed
9、Hishealthhaddeterioratedwhilehewasinprison.
A.becamebetterB.becameworse
C.becamestrongerD.becameweaker
10>Ifyouwantmyadvice,youshouldreviseyourplanforthetriptoBeijing.
A.changeB.exchangeC.enlargeD.encourage
11>Smokingisinhibitedinpublicplaces.
A.instructedB.inquiredC.forbiddenD.strived
12、Heissaidtobesufferingfromterminalcancerandhasaskedforeuthanasia
(安樂死).
A.acuteB.chronicC.finalD.fatal
13>Ifeltimpelledtotellthetruth.
A.promotedB.inducedC.compelledD,improved
14>It'sprudenttotakeathickcoatincoldweatherwhenyougoout.
A.controversialB.reasonableC.sensibleD.sensitive
15>Areyoupositivethatthere1sbeennomistake?
A.rationalB.reasonableC.certainD.bound
第2部分:閱讀判斷
閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后列出了7個句子,請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判
斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息,請選擇A項;如果該句提供的錯誤信息,請選擇B項;
如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及,請選擇C項。
AnObservationandanExplanation
Itisworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowards
herbaby.Theusualfondling,cuddlingandcleaningrequirelittlecommentz
butthepositioninwhichsheholdsthebabyagainstherbodywhenresting
isratherrevealing.Carefulstudieshaveshownthefactthat80percentof
mothersholdtheirinfantsintheirleftarms,holdingthemagainsttheleft
sideoftheirbodies.Ifaskedtoexplainthesignificanceofthispreference
mostpeoplereplythatitisobviouslytheresultofthepredominanceof
right-handednessinthepopulation.Byholdingthebabiesintheirleftarmsz
themotherskeeptheirdominantarmfreeformanipulations.Butadetailed
analysisshowsthatthisisnotthecase.True,thereisaslightdifference
betweenright-handedandleft-handedfemales;butnotenoughtoprovideadequate
explanation.Itemergesthat83percentofright-handedmothersholdthebaby
ontheleftside,butsodo78percentofleft-handedmothers.Inotherwordsz
only22percentoftheleft-handedmothershavetheirdominanthandsfree
foractions.Clearlytheremustbesomeother,lessobviousexplanation.
Theonlyothercluecomesfromthefactthattheheartisonthesideof
themother'sbody.Coulditbethatthesoundofherheartbeatisthevital
factor?AndinWhatway?Thinkingalongtheselinesitwasarguedthatperhaps
duringitsexistenceinsidethebodyofthemothertheunbornbabygetused
tothesoundoftheheartbeat.Ifthisisso,thenthere-discoveryofthis
familiarsoundafterbirthmighthaveaclaimingeffectontheinfant,especially
asithasjustbeenbornintoastrangeandfrighteninglynewworld,ifthis
issothenthemotherwould,somehow,soonarriveatthediscoverythather
babyismoreatpeaceifheldontheleftagainstherheartthanontheright.
16、Wecanlearnalotbyobservingthepositioninwhichamotherholdsher
babyagainstherbody.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17、Mostleft-handedwomenfeelcomfortablebyholdingtheirbabiesintheir
leftarmandkeeptherightarmfree.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18、Thenumberofright-handedmotherswhoholdthebabyontheleftside
exceedsthatofleft-handedonesby22%.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19>Thefactthatmostleft-handedmothersholdthebabyontheirleftside
rendersthefirstexplanationunsustainable.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20、Thefactthattheheartisontheleftsideofthemother1sbodyprovides
themostconvincingexplanationofall.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21、Ababyheldintherightarmofitsmothercanbeeasilyfrightened.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22、Thewriter1sexplanationofthephenomenonissupportedbythefactthat
babiestendtobemorepeacefulifheldintheirmothers*leftarmsthanin
therightarms.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
第3部分:概括大意與完成句子
閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項測試任務(wù):(1)1?4題要求從所給的6個選項中為第
2?5段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題;⑵第5?8題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確的
選項,分別完成每個句子。請將答案寫在相應(yīng)的位置上。
CaringfortheOld
Theolddonothavetolookexclusivelytothepast.Relievedofsomeof
life*sresponsibilitiesandfortifiedbymanyyearsofexperienceandknowledge,
theymayhaveamuchbetterideaofhowtospendtheirtimeenjoyablythan
theydidintheiryouth.Andnotallenjoymentisrestrictedtothemental
orphilosophical.Healthyphysicalactivityremainsquitepossibleformost
ofuswellintoourlateryears.
Oldpeoplesometimesdisplaysurprisingfreedomandforthrightnessinthe
expressionoftheirthoughtsandfeelings,andanabilitytotransmitaffection.
Itisasthoughsomeoftheritualswhichconstrictusinearlierlifefall
away.
Butahigherpercentageofpeoplesufferfromemotionaldistressinold
agethanatanyothertimeinadultlife,andthegapbetweenneedandcare
isoftenfilledbydubiousmeasures,suchasheavy-handedprescriptionof
medicine.Formanyyearsitwasassumedthatoldpeoplewerenotappropriate
candidatesforpsychotherapy.Butafewclinicianshaverisentothechallenge
anddiscoveredthatindividualandgrouppsychotherapyisjustaseffective
withtheoldaswiththeyoung.
Itiseasytounderstandwhyanearthquakecausesterror.Yetinoldage
theremaybeterrorofaveryprivatenature,asenseofdisintegrationsometimes
stemmingfrominnerconflicts,sometimesfromapremonitionofdeathorthe
fearofbecomingdependent.
Dependencyisagrimchoice:insecurityanddeprivationmustbeweighed
againstlossofautonomyandintegrity.Butifthereisnothingshamefulabout
thedependencyofababyorayoungchild,thereshouldbenothingshameful
aboutthedependenciesnaturalwitholdageanddiminishingphysicalresources.
Thecomplexityandimpersonalityofthebureaucraticestablishments,which
havethemeanstoprovidehelp,areoftenthreateningtooldpeople.Theyounger
generationtoday,ontheotherhand,willhavehadmanydecadestointeract
with"thesystem11bythetimetheyreacholdage.
Manyofus,includinghealthcareproviders,assumethatweknowwhatold
peopleanddyingpeoplewantzbutourassumptionsareoftenareflections
ofourwonthoughtsandfeelingsbasedonpersonalinterpretationsofscanty
bitsofobservation.Suchassumptionsarereallyanexcusetoavoidclose
contactwiththeterminallyill.Assumingwe"know”whattheywantzweobserve
ourselvesfrombeingwiththem,andsharingtheirthoughtsabouttheendof
life.
Wesometimesassume,wrongly,thatoldpeoplearetooconfusedorsenile
tobeawareofthenearnessofdeath.Inconsequence,communicationbetween
adyingandothersissubjecttoextraordinaryomissionsanddistortions.
nProtectingHthedyingfromknowledgeoftheirconditionoftenservestoprotect
usfromtheuncomfortableprospectoftalkingaboutdyinganddeath.Evasions
likethisonlyleadtoincreasingisolationatatimewhenemotionalhonesty
andunderstandingaremostneeded.
23、paragraph1.
A.Knowingbetterhowtoenjoylife
B.Freedominexpression
C.Psychotherapyeffectivewithsomeoftheold
D.Periodofgreateremotionaldistress
E.Dependency:agrimchoice
F.Guiltiness:dependency
24、paragraph2.
25>paragraph3.
26、paragraph5.
27、Oldpeoplemaywellbeactivein
A.howtoshowlovetoothers
B.howtoshowangertoothers
C.yetweknowwearewrong
D.variouskindsofsports
E.butweareoftenwrong
F.thatoldpeopledependonothers
28、Oldpeoplesometimesknowbetter
29、Itisanaturalthing.
30>Weoftenthinkthatweknowthefeelingofadyingperson,?
第4部分:閱讀理解
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題,每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問題,從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案。
第一篇
DiseasesofAgriculturalPlants
Plants,likeanimals,aresubjecttodiseasesofvariouskinds.Ithas
beenestimatedthatsome30,000differentdiseasesattackoureconomicplants;
fortyareknowntoattackcom,andaboutasmanyattackwheat.Theresults
ofuncheckedplantdiseasesareailtooobviousincountriesthathavemarginal
foodsupplies.Theproblemwillsoonbemorewidespreadasthepopulation
oftheworldincreasesatitsfrighteningrate.Evenincountriesthatare
nowamplyfedbythekagriculturalproductstherecouldsoonbefoodshortages.
Itiseasytoimaginetheconsequencesofsomedisastrousattackononeof
themajorcrops;theresultingfaminescouldkillmillionsofpeople,and
theresultinghardshiponothermillionscouldcausepoliticalupheavals
disastroustotheorderoftheworld.
Someplantshaverelativeimmunitytogreatmanydiseases,whileothers
haveasusceptibilitytothem.Thetoleranceofaparticularplantchanges
asthegrowingconditionschange.Ablightmaybebutalocalinfectioneasily
controlled;ontheotherhanditcanattackparticularplantsinawholeregion
ornation.Anexampleistheblightthatkilledvirtuallyeverychestnuttree
inNorthAmerica.AnotheristhefamouspotatoblightinIrelandinthelast
century.Asaresultofthatzitwasestimatedthatonemillionpeopledied
ofstarvationandrelatedailments.
Plantpathologistshavemaderemarkablestridesinidentifyingthe
pathogensofthevariousdiseases.Bacteriamayincludeinvadeaplantthrough
aninfestationofinsectparasitescarryingthepathogen.Aplantcanalso
beinoculatedbyman.Otherdiseasesmightbecausedbyfunguswhichattacks
theplantintheformofamoldorsmutorrust.Frequentlysuchaprimary
infectionwillweakentheplantsothatasecondaryinfectionmayresultfrom
itslackoftolerance.Thesymptomsshownmaycauseanerrorindiagnosis,
sothattreatmentmaybedirectedtowardbacteriawhichcouldbetheresult
ofasusceptibilitycausedbyprimaryvirusinfection.
31>Howmanydiseasesareknowntoattackwheat?
A.Around30,000.B.Around140.
C?Around29,960.D.Around40.
32、Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingwouldaplantdisease
resultinifleftunchecked?
A.Aworldwar.B.Borderconflicts.
C.Relationsofgrainandmeat.D.Socialupheavals.
33、Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?
A.Someplantshaverelativeimmunitytoagreatmanydiseases,
whileothershaveasusceptibilitytothem.
B.Thetoleranceofaparticularplantchangesasthegrowing
conditionschange.
C.AblightkilledvirtuallyeverychestnuttreeinNorthAmerica.
D.Ablightmaybeanationalinfection.
34、Accordingtothepassage,someplantdiseasescanbepreventedby.
A.killingparasites
B.inoculation
C.killinginsects
D.improvinggrowingconditions
35、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A.Someplantdiseasesmaybecausedbybacteria.
B.Someplantdiseasesmaybecausedbypathogens.
C.Someplantdiseasesmaybecausedbyfungus.
D.Symptomsarealwayshelpfulinidentifyingdiseases.
弟一
MaleandFemalePilotsCauseAccidentsDifferently
Malepilotsflyinggeneralaviation(private)aircraftintheUnitedStates
aremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecision-making,while
femalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandlingtheaircraft.These
aretheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity
BloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.
Thestudyidentifiesthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsin
termsofcircumstancesofthecrashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.
"Crashesofgeneralaviationaircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviation
deathsintheUnitedStates.Thecrashrateformalepilotsasformotorvehicle
n
driverszexceedsthatofcrashesoffemalepilots,explainsSusanP.Baker,
MPH,professorofhealthpolicyandmanagementattheBloombergSchoolof
PublicHealth."Becausepilotyouthandinexperienceareestablished
contributorstoaviationcrashes,wefocusedononlymaturepilots,todetermine
thegenderdifferencesinthemasonsforthecrash.H
Theresearchersextracteddataforthisstudyfromalargeresearchproject
onpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedataweregatheredfromgeneralaviation
crashesofairplanesandhelicoptersbetween1983and1997,involving144
femalepilotsand267malepilotsaged40--63.Femalepilotswerematched
withmalepilotsina1:2ratio,byage,classesofmedicalandpilotcertificates,
stateorareaofcrash,andyearofcrash.Thenthecircumstancesofthecrashes
andthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorizedandcodedwithoutknowledge
ofpilotgender.
Theresearchersfoundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthe
mostcommoncircumstanceforbothsexes,leadingto59percentoffemalepilots,
crashesand36percentofmales1.Experiencingmechanicalfailure,running
outoffuel,andlandingtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamongthe
factorsmorelikelywithmales,whilestallingwasmorelikelywithfemales.
Themajorityofthecrashes--95percentforfemalesand88percentfor
males--involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkinetics
wasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexes,butwasmorecommonamong
females(accountingfor81percentofthecrashes)thanmales(accountingfor
48percent).Maleszhowever,appearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoor
decision-making,risk-taking,andinattentivenesszexamplesofwhichinclude
misjudgingweatherandVisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect.
Femaleszthoughmorelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraft,
weregenerallymorecarefulthantheirmalecounterparts.
inattentionn.疏忽
flawedadj.有缺陷的
mishandlev.瞎弄,亂處理
MPH(MasterofPublicHealth)公共衛(wèi)生碩士
stallv.(飛機(jī))失速,(發(fā)動機(jī))熄火
kineticsn.動力學(xué)
36>WhatistheresearchatJohnsHopkinsUniversityabout?
A.Causesofaircraftcrash.
B.Genderdifferenceinrelationtotypesofaircraftcrashes.
C.Causesofmishandlingaircraft.
D.GenderdiscriminationingeneralaviationintheUnitedStates.
37、WhichofthestatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?
A.Crashesofgeneralaviationaircraftareamajorsourceofaviation
accidentsintheUnitedStates.
B.Malepilots,1ikemalevehicledrivers,aremorelikelytohaveaccidents
thanfemalepilots.
C.Itiscommonlyknownthataircraftcrashesaremostlycausedbyyoung
andinexperiencedpilots.
D.Onlymaturepilotsarestudiedtodeterminethegenderdifferences
inthereasonsforaircraftcrash.
38、Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?
A.Theystudiedthefindingsofseveralpreviousresearchprojects.
B.Theyconducedaquestionnairewith411pilots.
C.TheycollecteddatafromthedatabaseattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.
D.Theyanalyzedthecircumstancesofthecrashesinvolved.
39、Whatisthemostcommoncircumstanceofcrashwithfemalepilots?
A.Mechanicalfailureandrunningoutoffuel.
B.Lossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffandstalling.
C.Lossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffandrunningoutoffuel.
D.Stallingandlandingwiththegearup.
40、Inthecomparisonoffemaleandmalepilots,
A.femalepilotsarefoundtobemorecourageousandrisktaking
B.malepilotsarefoundtobemoreprofessionalandattentive
C.femalepilotsarefoundtomakemoreerrorsoutofcarelessness
D.malepilotsarefoundtomakemoreerrorsindecision-making
第三篇
NewAttemptstoEradicateAIDSVirus
Ahigh-profileattempttoeradicatetheAIDSvirusinafewpatientscontinues
toshowpromise.
Butresearcherswon11knowforayearormorewhetheritwillwork,scientist
DavidHotoldjournaliststhisWednesdayfortheFourthConferenceinViruses
andInfections.
111
"Thisisastudythatsinprogress,saysHozheadoftheAaronDiamond
AIDSResearchCenter,NewYork.
Thestudyinvolves20peoplewhostartedcombinationsofanti-HIVdrugs
veryearlyinthecourseofthedisease,within90daysoftheirinfections.
They1vebeentreatedforupto18months.Fourothershavedroppedoutbecause
ofsideeffectsorproblemscomplyingwiththeexactingdrugsystem.
ThedrugshaveknockedtheAIDSvirusdowntoundetectablelevelsinthe
bloodofallremainingpatients.And,inthelatestdevelopmentzscientists
havenowtestedlymphnodesandsemenfromafewpatientsandfoundnovirus
reproducingthere,Hosays."Bearinmindthatundetectabledoesnotequal
absentHosays.
Hohascalculatedthatthedrugsshouldbeabletowipeoutremaining
viruses--atleastfromknownreservoirsthroughoutthebody--intwotothree
years.Buttheonlywaytoproveeradicationwouldbetostopthedrugsand
seeiftheviruscomesback.OnWednesday,Hosaidhewouldn11askanypatient
toconsiderthatstepbefore2yearsoftreatment.
Andheemphasizedthatheisnoturgingwidespreadadoptionofsuchearly,
aggressivetreatmentoutsideoftrials.Nooneknowsthelong-termrisks.
Butotherscientistsarelookingatsimilarexperiments.Afederallyfunded
studywillput300patientsontriple-drugtreatmentsandthenseeifsome
respondingwellaftersixmonthscancontinuetosuppressthevirusonjust
oneortwodrugs,saysresearcherDouglasRichmanoftheUniversityofCalifornia,
SanDiego.Somepatientsinthatstudy1alsomaybeofferedthechanceto
stoptherapyafter18monthsormore,hesays.
41、Accordingtothepassage,theattempttoeradicatetheAIDSvirus
A.continuestobehopefulB.willbesuccessfulin
ayear
C.willbesuccessfulinfutureD.willstopbeinghopeful
42
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