新視野第二版第三冊(cè)課文幻燈-unit8

Unit8SectionALegalandMoralImplicationsofCloningAIRFORCEUNIVERSITYOFENGINEERINGFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESS

Ourtopictodayis“Cloning”.Cloning,asitsnameimplies,isthegenetictermforproducinganexactcopyofananimalorplantbydevelopingartificiallyacellfromit.ButthebirthofDolly,amammalclone,islikesettingthecat

amongthepigeons.Lead-inBackgroundInformationDolly:

Dolly(July5,1996–February14,2003),aewe,wasthefirstmammaltohavebeensuccessfullyclonedfromanadultcell.

ShewasclonedattheRoslinInstituteintheUnitedKingdomandlivedthereuntilherdeathwhenshewas6.IdahoGemTheworld'sfirstclonedmule,wasbornonMay4.Heisanidenticalgeneticcopyofhisbrother,achampionracingmulecalledTaz,andthefirstclonetobebornintheequinefamily.CcTheworld'sfirstclonedkitten,namedCc.ItwascreatedbyscientistsinTexasusingacelltakenfromanadulttortoiseshellfemale(seenextpicture).Thephoto,takenonDecember222001whenthekittenwassevenweeksold,wasmadepublicinFebruary2002.Noel,Angel,Star,Joy,MaryFiveclonedpiglets,borninVirginia,USAonMarch52000.Theworld'sfirstclonedpigletswereproducedbyPPLTherapeuticsfromanadultsowusingaslightlydifferenttechniquefromtheonethatproducedDolly.DNAdonor

Howisacloned

babyborn?Backgroundinformation3.What’sthedifference?Thecombinationofgenesisafundamentalbasisforhumanvariationanddiversity.Alloftheclonedchild'sgeneswouldcomefroma________.Thechildwouldbeageneticduplicateofthatexistingdonor.DNAdonorWhydidthebirthofDollybecomethefocusofworldopinion?Becauseitstoodforabigbreakthroughinthegeneticengineering;Becauseitbecamepossibletoclonehumanbeings;Becauseitwasadeformedproductofscience;TipsDiscussionDiscussionWhataretheprosandconsofcloning?PROS:Produceanimalswithdesirabletraits.Increasetheefficiencyofthelivestockproduction.Offsetlossesofamongendangeredspeciespopulations.Enablebetterresearchforfindingcurestomanydiseases.Providechildrenforparentswhowouldlikeachildbutcan'thaveoneforvariousreasons.Provideparentswithanopportunitytocloneachildwhohasdied.ReferencesCONS:Declineingeneticdiversity.Takingnatureintoourownhands.Religiousandmoralreasons.Physicalproblems,suchasbirthdefects.Possibilityofmentalandemotionalproblemsoftheclone.WatchandDiscussDirections:

Watchthevideoandthendiscussthetopicsasfollows:Videowatching2.Howshouldweexploitthecloningmethodtothebestofhumanadvantages?1.Wouldyouliketobeclonedoncehumancloningbecomesareality?Whyorwhynot?KeyKeyBackWatch&Discuss(Open-ended)Iwouldchoosetobethefirstonetobecloned.Inthatcase,therewouldbenolimittomyenjoymentoflife.WhilemyclonewouldbeinchargeofwhateverIdislikebuthavetodo,suchashomeworkandwashing,IwouldbefreetodowhateverItaketo,liketravelingorplayingvideogames.IwouldalsotellhimtomakeanappointmentwithmyblinddatewhileIwouldactasanonlooker.FormoreButforme,acloneofmyselfwouldbringalotoftroubletomylife.Foronething,hewoulddeprivemeofpersonalexperiencewithlife,whichisofmuchhelptomygrowth.Foranother,hewouldrobmeofmyintimacywithmybelovedifhewouldtakecareoftheirlifeinsteadofme.Andworstofall,hewouldreflectuponmeoncehewoulddosomethingawful.Sothatisthelastthingformetodo.FormoreBackWatch&DiscussCloningmustbeexploitedinalimitedway.Ontheonehand,afullerplayshouldbegiventoitspotentialswhichcanbringbenefitsorprofitstohumansocietyorhelpprovidewaystoensureabettersurvivalforhumanlives.Forexample,cloningcanhelpscientistsproducecopycowsthatmakemedicinesintheirmilk.

Ontheotherhand,acompletebanmustbeimposedonthereproductionofthehumanbeingswhoaremadeforfosteringhostilitytowardhumansocietyorservingashumanitykillingmachinesundertheswayofterrorists.Oncesuchabanwouldbeliftedforthosereadytobedeadlyenemytohumansocieties,humancloningwouldworkforourowndestruction.StructureofTextThispartisabouttheworld’sstrongandimmediateresponsesinthewakeofWilmut’s

announcement.Thispartofferscompleteorpartialanswers,fromtheup-to-dateknowledge,tothesixquestionsonthelegalandmoralimplicationsof

cloning.Thispartisintendedtoreaffirmtheauthor’sopinionthat,althoughthelistofquestionscouldgoon,peoplebegintowonderaboutthefutureoftheworldaftercloning.Withthesuccessofcloninganadultmammal,theworldwassuddenlybroughtintotherealityofhumancloning.Para.1Para.2-3Para.4-18Para.19ReferenceWords:

beamazed;worried2.QuestionstoComprehensionQ:1)Howdidtheworldreacttothefirstsuccessfullyclonedsheep?(para.3)ReferenceWords:

cloneachild,transplantdonor,substitutefortheoriginal;clonethemselvesQ:2)Whatarethetwoboardcategorieshumancloningsituationsoftenfallinto?(para.5)ReferenceWords:

physicallyidentical;sharethesameenvironment,raisedinthesamefamilyQ:3)Accordingtotheauthor,whyaretwinsmorealikethanclones?(para.9)ReferenceWords:

increasethechances,tissuematchQ:4)Whydosomeparentswanttosavetheirfatallyillchildthroughcloning?(para.12)ReferenceWords:

technology,couldberealizedQ:5)Couldclonedanimalsbeusedasorgandonors?(para.13)ReferenceWords:

creation,newanddisrespectedsocialclassQ:6)Whatisthegravestconcernabouthumancloningforsociety?(para.18)implication

n.

(Title)somethingthatissuggestedI.WordUsingIresentyourimplicationthatmyworkisnotsatisfactory.TranslationKey我討厭別人暗示我，說(shuō)我的工作做得不好。Hewasjustplainstupidtogiveupthisopportunity.他放棄這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)直是愚蠢至極。TranslationKey2.plainadv.

①usedtoemphasizeanadj.oradv.

我們倡導(dǎo)過(guò)簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。TranslationKeyThemeaningofthesentenceisplain.2.plainadj.

②clearlyvisible

③

simpleWeadvocateplainliving.

這句子的意思十分清楚。

我必須坦白和你說(shuō)。TranslationKeyImustbeplainwithyou.2.plainadj.

④

truthfulandfrank⑤notattractive;notprettyorgood-looking

這孩子相貌平平。Thekidhasaplainface.

經(jīng)過(guò)五年的努力工作，他升職在望。TranslationKeyAfterfiveyears’hardwork,promotionseemedwithinhisreach.3.withinone’sreach

insidethedistancethatcanbetouched我認(rèn)為這種新產(chǎn)品會(huì)為公司帶來(lái)很多利潤(rùn)。TranslationKeyIthinkthisnewproductwillgeneratealotofprofitsforthecompany.4.generatevt.

to

causesomethingtoexist;toproduce價(jià)格降低后，銷售量就上去了。TranslationKeySalesweremountingafterpriceswerelowered.5.mountvi.

toincreaseinamountordegree地震過(guò)后，村子里沒(méi)有任何房子是完好無(wú)損的。TranslationKeyAftertheearthquake,nohouseremainedintactinthisvillage.6.intactadj.

completeandnotdamaged這些考試和去年的考試相同。TranslationKeyThetestsareidenticaltothosecarriedoutlastyear.7.beidenticalto/with

exactlythesameasWouldaclonedhumanbeidenticaltotheoriginal?Question他長(zhǎng)得不好看，不像他母親。TranslationKeyHewasnotbeautiful;hedidn’tresemblehismother.8.resemblevt.

tolookorbealikeesp.inappearance9.referto①refertosb.as…=call…as…②refer…tosb./sth.=direct…tosb./sth.forhelp③gotosb.orlookatsth.forinformation④mentionortalkaboutsb./sth.=mention+n./clause9.refertoUseit①Whatwillyourefertocloningas?I’llrefertocloningas_________.②T:Completetheexercisewithoutlookingbacktothetext.S:Letmejustreferto_________.③Complaintsareusuallyreferredto________.目擊者說(shuō)是故意縱火。TranslationKeyWitnessessaythatthefirewasdeliberate.10.deliberateadj.

doingsomethingonpurposee.g.Thespeechwasadeliberateattempttoembarrassthegovernment.He’sneverbeenparticularlyconcernedaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofhim.TranslationKey他從不在意別人怎么看他。11.beconcernedabout/over

togiveone’sattentionto;toworryaboutIsthereanythingyouconcernedaboutrecently?What’sit?Question1.Thehumancloningsituationfallsintotwobroadcategories.2.Parentscouldclonea2ndchildwhoresembledtheir1stchild.3.Thedifferencesaresominorthatdetection

ofthembecomesveryhard.typeslookedlikediscoveryII.NewtoOld4.Theconcernisthedeliberatealteringofgenestocreatehumanbeings.5.TheEuropeans

debatedwhethertheunfamiliarinhabitantswerehuman.planneddiscussed

seriouslyimplicationTheTheoryofRelativitygeneticengineeringintheoryguideline含義，暗示/牽連相對(duì)論基因工程理論上指導(dǎo)原則，準(zhǔn)則III.EnglishtoChinesethesplittingoftheatomunderthenameof…personalitycharacteristicsdraft(vt.)becomparableto/with原子分裂以······的名義個(gè)性草擬/征募,征召可與······相比givebirthtosucceedindoinginthewakeoffallintobedividedintobringintotheworldcomingafterachieve(vt.)IV.MatchingGamesavarietyofbreakapartcomeintolifegetaroundpuzzleoverbealive/vividovercomeallkindsofthinkhardaboutcomeaparttranstranstranstranstranstrans-means“across,intoanotherplaceorstate”.Prefixplantatlanticformportmigratetoputintothegroundforgrowthoforaboutthe

AtlanticOceantogiveshapetotocarrytomovefromoneplacetoanotherV.WordBuildingtoremoveandplantinanotherplacebeyondorcrosstheAtlantictochangetheshapeorformtocarryfromoneplacetoanothertomovefromoneplacetoanother

DebateNoYesIshumancloneagoodthing?Watchthreemovieclipsaboutcloning,thendebateonthefollowingtopic.fightfataldiseasessavedyingrelativeshelpinfertilepeoplehavechildrencreategeniusextendhumanlifeenhancecivilizationcreatenewimmunesystems(免疫系統(tǒng))groworgansandtissuesfortransplantsurgery(移植手術(shù))IdeaSharing—DebateTipsdenyhumanrightsreducevarietyofhumangenepoolunsafeabnormalitiesbirthdefectsashorterlifereligiousobjectionspsychologicalharmsdegradethequalityofparentingandfamilylifeIdeaSharing—DebateIdeaSharingDebating1IdeaSharingDebating2IdeaSharingDebating3StructuredWritingPracticalWritingI.StructuredWriting1.StructureAnalysisListingInanessay,ageneralstatementorquestioncanbeansweredorexplainedby

alistoffacts,reasons,possibilitiesandideas.①AListof

FactsTheperiod1986-1990witnessedgreatchangesinthedietoftheChinesepeople.Theconsumptionofgraindecreasedyearbyyear,whilethatofmilkandmeatshowedasteadyincrease.There’sclearlyamarkedshiftawayfromthetraditionalgrain-baseddiettoonecontainingmorehigh-energyfoodstuffs.2.SamplesParagraph①AListof

FactsThethree

changes

are:Grainconsumption_________;Milkandmeatconsumption_________;There’sa_______fromtraditionalgrain-baseddiettofoodstuffscontainingmorehigh-energy.decreasedincreasedshift②

AListof

ReasonsBasketballispopularinmanycountries.Onereasonforthisisthatit’sinexpensive.Aballandahoopareallyouneed.Moreover,it’sexciting.There’salwayslotsofaction.Additionally,it’sahealthfulsportthatbothmenandwomencanplay.Furthermore,it’sbothanindoorandoutdoorgame.Inwarmcountriesthegameisplayedoutdoorsallyear.Incoldcountries,it’sawintergameplayedindoors.inexpensiveexcitinghealthfulsportbothanindoorandoutdoorgameEachyear,thelossoflivesandpropertycausedbyfloodstotalshundredsofbillionsofdollarsintheworld.Tosolvetheproblem,manhastopayattentiontotheprotectionofvegetation(植被).Sinceplantscanholdinplacethetopsoilwiththeirrootsandslowtheflowofwater,lesssoilwillbecarriedawayifvegetationiswellprotected.Besides,manmustlaystressonharnessingriversbydeepeningriverbeds,strengtheningriverbanksandchangingrivercourses.③AListof

PossibilitiesAlistofdifferentwaystocontrolfloodinclude:protectingvegetationandharnessingriversby_________riverbeds;____________riverbanksand___________rivercourses.deepeningstrengtheningchanging③AListof

Possibilities④AListof

Advantagesofhumancloningfightfatal