職稱英語復習資料

二、2012年教材新增文章

（一）閱讀判斷

1.第七篇：ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland

2.*第十一篇：ComputerMouse

（二）概括大意與完成句子

1.第六篇：HowWeFormFirstImpression

2.第十篇：WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage

（三）閱讀理解

1.第.篇：TellingTalesaboutPeople

2.第八篇：TheChangingMiddleClass

3.第十篇：ALetterfromAlan

4.第十一篇：TheDevelopmentofBallet

5.第十六篇：TheSahara

6.*第十七篇：EiffelIsanEyeful（2011年教材中為C級文章）

7.*第十八篇：GoalofAmericanEducation（2011年教材中為C級文章）

8.*第十九篇：TheFamily

9.*第二十篇：TalesoftheTerriblePast

10.*第二十一篇：SpacinginAnimals（2011年教材中為C級文章）

IL*第二十二篇：SomeThingsWeKnowaboutLanguage（2011年教材中為C級文章）

12.*第二十三篇：TheOnlyWayIsUp（2011年教材中為C級文章）

13.*第二十四篇:CloneFarm（2011年教材中為C級文章）

14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中為C級文章）

15.*第二十六篇：SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgo

16.*第二十七篇:ImportanceofServices（2011年教材中為C級文章）

17.*第二十八篇：TheNationalParkService（2011年教材中為C級文章）

18.*第二十九篇:FindYourselfPackingItOn?BlameFriends（2011年教材中為C級文章）

19.*第三十篇："Lucky"LordLucan-AliveorDead

20.*第三十三篇：OseolaMcCarty

21.+第三十四篇：ToHaveandHaveNot

22.+第三十五篇：GoingHerOwnWay

23.+第三十六篇：ATaleofScottishRuralLife（2011年教材中為B級文章）

24.+第三十七篇：PopMusicinAfrica

25.+第三十八篇：WhySoManyChildren

26.+第三十九篇：EattoLive（2011年教材中為B級文章）

27.+第四十篇：NarrowEscape（2011年教材中為B級文章）

28.+第四十七篇：NarrowEscape

（四）補全短文

1.第九篇：HeatIsKiller

2.*第-1?篇：VirtualDriver

（五）完形填空

1.第一篇：ALifewithBirds

2.第二篇：SLuckyBreak

3.第三篇：GlobalWarming

4.第四篇：ASuccessStory

5.第五篇:TrafficinOurCities

6*.第六篇：TeachingandLearning7.*第七篇：TheDifferencebetweenManandComputer

8.*第八篇:LookonTheBrightSide

9.*第九篇：TheFirstBicycle

10.*第十篇：WorkingMothers

11.+第十一篇：SchoolLunch

12.十第十二篇：APowerfulInfluence

13.+第十三篇：TheOldGate

14.+第十四篇：FamilyHistory

15.+第十五篇：HelenandMartin

TellingTalesaboutPeople

Oneofthemostcommontypesofnonfiction,andonethatmanypeopleenjoyreading,

isstoriesaboutpeople，slives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:

autobiography,memoir,andbiography.

Anautobiographyisthestoryofaperson，slifewrittenbyhimselforherself.

Oftenitbeginswiththeperson,searliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.

Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresent

themselves.However,theyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhat

makesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjarminFranklinandHelenKellerhave

writtenautobiographies.1Otherwriters,suchasJamesJoyce,havewrittenthinly

fictionalizedaccountsoftheir1ives.Thesearenotautobiographies,buttheyare

veryclosetoit.

Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuch

ontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.2Memoirwriterstypically

usetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.Theydescribethemindetailand

discusstheirimportance.Recently,though,thetermmemoirseemstobebecoming

interchangeablewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththe

outsidewor1d.

Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelse*s1ife.Inmanysenses,these

maybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheevents

theywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogather

informationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecide

whichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofaperson,

notonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiography

maytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.

詞匯：

backdrop/'bk,dr?p/n.背景interchangeable/int?，t?end??bl/adj.可轉換的

注釋：

1.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewritten

autobiographies.就像本杰明富蘭克林和海倫凱勒一樣，各種各樣的人們已經(jīng)寫了自傳。

2.Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographica1accountsthatfocusasmuch

ontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.嚴格意義上來講，回憶錄

是既注重作者本身的生活經(jīng)歷，也注重其所處的時代所發(fā)生的事件的自傳性的描述。

練習：

1.Thispassageismostlyabout_______.

A.thecharacteristicsofautobiographies,memoirs,andbiographies

B.famousautobiographies

C.whybiographycanbedifficulttowrite

D.differencesbetweenautobiographiesandmemoirs

2.HelenKeilerwrote.

A.amemoir

B.anautobiography

C.aworkoffiction

D.abiography

3.Autobiographywritersarenotalwaysobjectivebecausethey.

A.feeltheyhavetomakeupdetaiIstomaketheirbookssei1

B.constantlycompetewithbiographywriters

C.wanttopresentthemselvesinagoodlight

D.havetroublerememberingthegoodtimes

4.Thewriterintroduceseachcategoryinthepassageby________.

A.definingit

B.givinganexample

C.explainingwhyitishardtowrite

D.tellingwhenpeoplefirstbeganwritingit

5.Diversemeans.

A.abletoswimindeepwater

B.similaroralike

C.variedordifferent

D.enjoyingpoetry

答案與題解：

1.A本題問的是：這篇文章主要是關于？文章第一句說到最普遍的非小說類文學作品

類型之一就是一些來描述人們生活的故事，這些故事大致分為三類：自傳

回憶錄和傳記。然后通篇對這三種類型進行了介紹，因此A是正確答案。

2.B本題問的是：海倫凱勒謝了什么？第二段第5句話寫到：就像本明杰富蘭克林

和海倫凱勒一樣，各種各樣的人們已經(jīng)寫了自傳。因此B是正確答案。

3.C本題問的是：自傳作者通常不太客觀，因為他們？第二段提到：他們給讀者提供

了一個途徑來了解自己比較好的行事風格……，因此答案是C,他們想展示自己好的一面。

4.A本題問的是:本文的作者通過何種方式介紹每種類型的非小說文學作品？答案是A,

通過給每個類型進行定義。

5.C本題問的是：diverse的意思是？其漢語意思為“多種多樣的”，因此C正確。

TheChangingMiddleClass

TheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However,middle

classisnotarealdesignation,nordoesitcarryprivileges.1Itismoreofa

perception,whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWar

II.Theeconomywasgrowing,moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes,workers

hadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem,andnearlyeveryonewho

wantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocial

mobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoor,buttheycouldbecomerich.Successful

peoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwords,they

foundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces.

Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrong

valueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineone，sown

economicfate.Inaddition,middleclassmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividual

responsibility,importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers,andbelievingin

somethingoutsideoneself.2

Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.

AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericans

believedthatmiddleclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet3.Bothspouses

nowworked,asdidsomeofthechildren;longcommutesbecameroutine;theneedfor

childcareputstrainson4thefamily;andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodasthey

oncewere.Membersofthemiddleclasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestyles

throughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjust

whatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging.

詞匯：

designation/dezig，nei??n/n.稱號commute/k?Jmju:t/n.上下班路程

mobility/m?u，bil?ti/n.流動性

注釋：

1.However,middleclassisnotarealdesignation,nordoesitcarryprivileges.

然而，中產(chǎn)階級既不是一個真實的稱號，也不會帶來特別待遇。

2.Inaddition,middle-classmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividual

responsibility,importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers,andbelievingin

somethingoutsideoneself.另外，中產(chǎn)階級的道德觀包括個人的責任感、家庭的重要性、

對他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。

3.makeendsmeet：收支相抵,維持生活

4.putstrainson：帶來壓力

練習：

1.Theinformationinthispassagedealswith.

A)anindividual

B)asocialandeconomicgroup

C)apoliticalorganization

D)government

2.Acommonmiddleclassvalueisthat________.

A)peopleshouldalwayshavefun

B)childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard

C)debtisnothingtoworryabout

D)thefamilyisveryimportant

3.IntheyearsafterWorldWarII,themiddleclasscouldbedefinedas_______.

A)overburdenedandindebt

B)hardworkingandsuspicious

C)prosperousandoptimistic

D)youngandfoolish

4.Thephrase“Inotherwords"inthefirstparagraphmeansthatthefollowing

statementis_____.

A)anexceptiontothepreviousidea

B)adenialofthepreviousidea

C)arestatementofthepreviousidea

D)acontrastingidea

5.Thewordcollectivelymeans______.

A)asagroup

B)hesitatingly

C)unknowingly

D)weakly

答案與題解：

1.B本題的問題是：本文的信息是關于？本文通篇講述美國的中產(chǎn)階級，指的是社會

和經(jīng)濟群體，因此選擇B。

2.D本題的問題是：一個普遍的中產(chǎn)階級價值觀是？本篇第二段最后一句話講到，“中

產(chǎn)階級的道德觀包括個人的責任感、家庭的重要性、對他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事

物”。A、B、C三個選項不包括在內(nèi)，因此正確答案是D。

3.C本題的問題是：在二戰(zhàn)之后的幾年，中產(chǎn)階級可以被定義為，本篇第一段提到了

當時美國經(jīng)濟不斷增長并且人們生活水平有了提高，因此選擇C選項，繁榮并且樂觀。

4.C本題的問題是：第一段中的〃Inotherwords〃這個短語與下列說法一致的是，〃In

otherwords”

5.A本題的問題是：單詞"collectively”的漢語意思是“相同地”，選擇A。漢語意思是換句話

來說，因此正確答案是C。

ALetterfromAlan

IhavelearntofaplantobuildthreehundredhousesonthelandcalledParson*s

Placebythefootballground.Fewpeopleknowaboutthisnewplantoincreasethe

sizeofourtown.Forme,Parson5sPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnatural

areawherelocalpeoplecanrelax-thesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthe

streamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.It'sveryquietbecausethere

arefewhousesorroadsnearby.Ithinkthatlosingthisareawillbeterriblebecause

wehavenoothersimilarfacilitiesintheneighbourhood.

Iamalsoagainstthisplanbecauseitwillcausetrafficproblems.Howwill

thepeoplefromthenewhousestraveltowork?Themotorwayandtherailwaystation

areontheothersideoftown.

Therefore,thesepeoplewillhavetodrivethroughthetowncentreeverytime

theygoanywhere.

Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic,therewillbenowheretoparkandthe

touristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.Shopsandhotelswill

losebusiness.Ifthetownreallyneedsmorehomes,theemptygroundbesidethe

raiIwaystationisamoresuitableplace.

Nodoubtthebuilderswillmakealotofmoneybysellingthesehouses.But,

inmyopinion,theaveragepersonwillquicklybemadepoorerbythisplan.Aswell

asthis,wewillloseavery

specialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.

IamgoingtothelocalgovernmentofficesonMondaymorningtoprotestabout

thisplanandIhopethatyourreaderswilljoinmethere.Wemustmakethemstop

thisplanbeforeitistoolate.

詞匯：

facility/f?'sil?ti/n.場所，設施protest/pr?u'test/v.抗議

motorway/"m?ut?wei/n.高速公路

注釋：

1.Forme,Parson,sPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawhere

localpeoplecan

relax-thesmal1woodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwith

fishermenandbird-watchers.對我來說，帕森場是非常特別的，因為它是一個美麗的天

然場地并且當?shù)厝丝梢栽诖朔潘尚菹?。這片小樹林里有許多獨特的樹木并且這里的小溪受到

了漁夫和野鳥觀察者的歡迎。

2.Theroadswillalwaysbeful1oftraffic,therewillbenowheretoparkand

thetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbui1dingswillleave.公路上將總是有

很多車輛，卻沒有地方停車，并且來參觀我們這兒可愛的老式建筑物的觀光者將會離開這里。

3.Aswellasthis,wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuch

lesspleasant.不但

如此，我們將失去一個非常特別的地方并且我們的城鎮(zhèn)將會失去很多快樂。

練習：

1.WhyhasAlanwrittenthisletter?

A)TopersuadethegovernmenttobuiIdnewhouses.

B)Toprotestaboutanewmotorwaynearthetown.

C)ToencouragemorepeopleinthetowntouseParson'sPlace.

D)Toinformotherpeopleaboutthebuilders，plans.

2.WhyisParson'sPlaceparticularlyimportant,inAlan'sopinion?

A)Becauseitisnearthefootballground.

B)Becauselotsofpeople1ivenearit.

C)Becauseitisaplacenearthetownwherepeoplecanenjoynature.

D)Becauselocalpeoplecangetthereeasilybycarfromthetown.

3.Whatwillcausetrafficjams?

A)AbuildingonParson'sPlace.

B)Buildingneartherailwaystation.

C)Touristsinthenarrowstreets.

D)Peoplegoingtotheshopsandhotels.

4.Alansaysthatordinarypeoplewholiveinthetownwillprobablysoon____.

A)opennewshopsandhotels

B)choosetolivenearthestation

C)beabletobuynewhomes

D)havelessmoney

5.WhichofthesepostershasAlanmade?

A)SAVEOURSPORTSGROUND

B)SAYNOTOHOUSESONPARSON，SPLACE

C)WENEEDHOMESNOTHOTELS

D)USETHETRAINNOTTHEROAD

答案與題解：

1.D本題問的是：為什么Alan寫這封信？A、B、C選項在文中沒有提到，D選項的意思

是讓其他人了解建筑商的計戈IJ,因此D是正確答案。

2.C本題問的是:在Alan看來，為什么帕森場非常重要?第一段中提到“因為它是一個

美麗的天然場地并且當?shù)厝丝梢栽诖朔潘尚菹ⅰ?。因此C是正確答案。

3.A本題問的是:什么將會引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的計劃，那

么“公路上將總是有很多車輛，卻沒有地方來停車”。因此選擇Ao

4.D本題問的是:Alan說住在城鎮(zhèn)的人們將來可能會，本文第三段提到“每個人將會

因這個計劃的實施而快速地變窮〃。因此選擇Do

5.B本題問的是：以下哪個是Alan制作的海報？Alan在本文中一直在說抵制建筑商在

帕森場上建造房屋的計劃，因此選擇B,對帕森場上的房屋說不。

TheDevelopmentofBallet

Balletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivesto

thisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.

BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecame

commonfor

kingsandqueens,aswe11asothernobi1ity,toparticipateinpageantsthat

includedmusic,poetry,

anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrench

ones,courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressesprevented

muchmovement,theywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntil

the1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts,changedtoflatshoes,andbegan

doingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.

Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVof

France,himselfadevoteddancer,foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasic

feetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700s

anotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwas

nolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsand

costumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoes

tomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.

ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.

TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropean

countriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20th

centurywasSergeiDiaghilev.His

dancecompany,theBalletsRusses,broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.

Oneofhis

chiefassistants,GeorgeBalanchine,wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBallet

in1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.

詞匯：

adjust/?'d??st/v.調(diào)整eliminate/\limineit/v.淘汰

pageant/'pæd??nt/n.盛會influential/influ，en??l/adj.有影響力

的

注釋：

1.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens,aswellasothernobility,

toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic,poetry,anddance.在那時，芭蕾

舞在國王、王后以及貴族之間變得普遍，并且與音樂、詩歌以及舞蹈一起參與到盛會的表演。

2.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts,changed

toflatshoes,andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.直

到17世紀女舞者縮短了她們的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通過男舞者的幫助開始做一些跳躍

和轉圈動作。

3.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.

由此正式確定了腳的5個基本位置，這5個外開的位置成為發(fā)展芭蕾舞技術的基礎。

練習：

1.Thispassagedealsmainlywith.

A)famousnamesinballet

B)FrenchversusRussianballet

C)thewayballetdeveloped

D)whyballetisnolongerpopular

2.Animportantinfluenceinearlyballetwas____.

A)Balanchine

B)MarieAntoinette

C)Diaghilev

D)LouisXIV

3.Youcanconcludefromthispassagethatballet.

A)isadyingart

B)willcontinuetochangeasnewpeopleandideasinfluenceit

C)isonlycurrentlyperformedinRussiaandtheUnitedStates

D)isoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining

4.Theinformationinthispassageispresented____.

A)throughthestoryofonedancer

B)bydescribingvariouspositionsandsteps

C)by1istingreasonswhyballethassucceeded

D)inchronologicalorder

5.Thewordpageantsmeans.

A)dances

B)instructors

C)kings

D)elaborateshows

答案與題解:

1.c本題問的是:這篇文章主要講述的是，A、B、I）選項都是文章的一部分，而本文

主要講的就是芭蕾舞的發(fā)展，因此C是正確答案。

2.D本題問的是:對于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影響是，本文第三段提到“在17世紀，

專業(yè)的芭蕾舞蹈團應運而生”“法國國王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈學院”，因此D是正確

答案。

3.B本題問的是:從這篇文章你可以總結出芭蕾，A、C、D選項在文中沒有提到，結

合本文最后一段可以看出B選項是正確的，芭蕾將隨著新的人物和新的想法而改變。

4.D本題問的是:本文的信息是通過何種方式介紹的。本文從芭蕾舞的起源開始一直

介紹到芭蕾舞的現(xiàn)況，因此選擇D,按照時間前后的順序。

5.D本題問的是:單詞pageant的漢語意思是什么，正確答案是D,盛大的表演。

TheSahara

ThenameSaharaderivesfromtheArabicwordfor"desert〃or"steppe”.At3.

5millionsquaremiles,anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates,theSahara

DesertinnorthernAfricaisthelargestdesertintheworld.Itspansthecontinent

fromtheAtlanticOceantotheRedSea.Daytimetemperaturescanreachashighas

130°F.Thehumiditysometimesgetsintotheteens.Butitcanalsobeaslowas

2.5percent,thelowestintheworld.MostoftheSaharareceiveslessthanfive

inchesofrainperyear,whilelargeareassometimeshavenorainfallatallfor

years.

AttheheartoftheSaharaisthelandlockednorthAfricancountryofNiger.

Herethesand

dunescanbe100feettallandseveralmileslong.Heresandplainsstretchover

anarealargerthanGermanywherethereisneitherwaternortowns.Yetsittingin

themidstofthesurroundingdesertisthetownofBiIma.Suddenlytherearepools

ofclearwater.Surprisingly,therearegrovesofdatepalms.Undergroundwater

resources,oroases,sufficienttosupportirrigatedagriculturearefoundindry

streambedsanddepressions.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.

Corn,cassava,tea,peanuts,hotpeppers,andorange,lime,andgrapefruittrees

growinthesefields.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.

TheSaharaofNigerisstillaregionwhereyoucanseeacamelcaravanof500

camelstiedtogetherinlooselinesaslongasamile,travelingtowardsuchoasis

towns.Thereacaravanwillcollectlife-sustainingsalt,whichisminedfromwatery

basins,andtransportitupto400milesbacktosettlementsontheedgesofthe

desert.Theroundtripacrossthevastsandstakesonemonth.

詞匯：

Humidity/hju'mid?t1/n.濕度irrigate/'Irlgelt/v.灌溉

stretch/stret?/v.伸展camel/'km?1/n.駱駝

datepalmsn.椰棗樹

注釋：

1.Undergroundwaterresources?oroases,sufficienttosupportirrigated

agricu1turearefoundindrystreambedsanddepressions.在干河床和洼地處可找到

充足的地下水資源或者綠洲來支持灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)。

2.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.灌溉溝渠通過一條小溪

到達水田中。

3.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.青草上放養(yǎng)著驢和山羊。

練習：

1.Thispassageismostlyabout_______.

A)lifeintheSahara

B)thedesertsofAfrica

C)BiIma

D)howcamelstravelinthedesert

2.Rainfal1inmostoftheSaharais.

A)lessthanfiveinchesperyear

B)lessthanteninchesperyear

C)lessthantwentyinchesperyear

D)zero

3.TheSaharacanbedescribedas.

A)aplaceofcontrasts

B)aplacewherenoonelives

C)anareawherethewintersarecold

D)anareathatappealstomanytourists

4.Thephrase〃anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates"givesanindication

ofthesizeof_______.

A)northernAfrica

B)Niger

C)theSahara

D)allofAfrica

5.Inthispassagecaravanmeans_______.

A)travelingcircus

B)grouptravelingtogetherthroughdifficultcountry

C)railroadtrain

D)asmall,fastsailingship

答案與題解：

1.A本題問的是:這篇文章主要講了什么？根據(jù)文段，本文主要介紹了撒哈拉沙漠的地

理概況，城鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)業(yè)，以及城鎮(zhèn)之間的日常來往。B選項范圍過寬。C選項不全面，文章

不止介紹了比爾馬的情況。D選項文中沒有具體介紹。所以A是對的。

2.A本題問的是:在撒哈拉的絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)，降雨情況如何?根據(jù)第一段的最后一句話，

撒哈拉的絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)每年降雨量低于5英寸。所以A正確。

3.A本題問的是:撒哈拉沙漠可以被描述成什么？A的意思是，一個具有強烈對比的地

方。B的意思是杳無人煙的地方。C的意思是冬天很冷的地區(qū)。D的意思是吸引很多游客的

地方。B,C,D均不符合文意，因此A正確。

4.C本題問的是:句子“大約和美國大小相當?shù)牡貐^(qū)”指明的是什么地方的大小?根據(jù)

第一段的第二句話可知，本句的主語是撒哈拉沙漠。因此C正確。

5.B本題問的是:文中"caravan”的意思是什么？A的意思是旅行馬戲團。C是火車。

D是又小又快的帆船。根據(jù)文中的介紹，穿過沙漠的駝隊由上百只駱駝組成，來到綠洲城鎮(zhèn)

收集鹽，因此B選項“一群人一起穿過條件惡劣的國家”是正確

TheFamily

Thestructureofafamilytakesdifferentformsaroundtheworldandevenin

thesamesociety.Thefamily'sformchangesasitadaptstochangingsocialand

economicinfluences.Untilrecently,themostcommonforminNorthAmericawasthe

nuclearfamily,consistingofamarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren.Thenuclear

familyisanindependentunit.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.Individual

familymembersstronglydependononeanother.Thereislittlehelpfromoutside

thefamilyinemergencies.Elderlyrelativesofanuclearfamilyarecaredforonly

ifitispossibleforthefamilytodoso.InNorthAmerica,theelderlyoftendo

notlivewiththefamily;they1iveinretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.

Therearemanyparallelsbetweenthenuclearfamilyinindustrialsocieties,

suchasNorth

America,andoffamiliesinsocietiessuchasthatoftheInuits,wholivein

harshenvironments.Thenuclearfamilystructureiswelladaptedtoalifeof

mobility.Inharshconditions,mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.ForNorth

Americans,thehuntforjobsandimprovedsocialstatusalsorequiresmobility.

ThenuclearfamilywasnotalwaystheNorthAmericanstandard.Inamoreagrarian

time,thesmallnuclearfamilywasusuallypartofalargerextendedfamily.This

mighthaveincludedgrandparents,motherandfather,brothersandsisters,uncles,

aunts,andcousins.InNorthAmericatoday,thereisadramaticriseinthenumber

ofsingle-parenthouseholds.TwiceasmanyhouseholdsintheUnitedStatesareheaded

bydivorced,separated,ornever-marriedindividualsasarecomprisedofnuclear

families.Thestructureofthefamily,notjustinNorthAmerica,butthroughout

theworld,continuestochangeasitadaptstochangingconditions.

詞匯：

nuclear/'nju:kh/adj.原子核的，中心的harsh/ha:?/n.嚴酷的

emergency/Tm?:d??nsl/n.緊急狀況agranan/?'gre?rl?n/adj.土地的，耕地

的

注釋：

1.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.它必須能夠照料自己。

2.InNorthAmerica,theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;theylive

inretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活；

他們一般住在退休社

區(qū)和養(yǎng)老機構。

3.Inharshconditions,mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.:在惡劣

的條件下，流動性能讓一個家庭吃飽飯。

練習：

1.Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.

A)WhatMakesaFamily?

B)TheLifeoftheInuits.

C)LivingwithHardship.

D)TheFailureoftheNuclearFamily.

2.Anuclearfamilyisdefinedas_____.

A)amarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren

B)asinglefatherwith,minorchildren

C)parents,grandparents,andchildren

D)parents,children,andauntsanduncles

3.Theinformationinthispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin.

A)ananthropologytextbook

B)abiologytextbook

C)amathematicstextbook

D)ageographytextbook

4.Theinformationinthefirstparagraphispresentedmainlythrough.

A)listingstatistics

B)tellingastory

C)pointingoutsimilarities

D)pointingoutdifferences

5.Thewordmobilitymeans____.

A)money

B)readinesstomove

C)organization

D)skill

答案與題解：

1.A本題問的是:這篇文章的題目還可以是什么？A的意思是是什么構成了一個家。B

的意思是因紐特人的生活。C的意思是生活得很艱難。D的意思是核心家庭的失敗之處。

根據(jù)文意，本文主要介紹了與家庭相關的信息。B不是主要內(nèi)容。C未提到。D