考研英語閱讀理A命題及解題思路方法

第四章、猜詞題命題思路透析

PartL命題規(guī)律透析

猜詞題是考研英語閱讀理解中必考的題型，主要考查考生對(duì)于文章中的某個(gè)詞語、詞組、句

子等的意思的理解和猜測(cè)，其主要目的在于考察考生們的英語語言基本功。對(duì)于很多考生來

說，生詞是閱讀中的一大難關(guān)。在總論中我們也提過，有的考生從中學(xué)時(shí)就養(yǎng)成了逢生詞必

查的習(xí)慣，不管閱讀什么文章都要弄懂其中每一個(gè)單詞的意思。這種毅力固然可嘉，但是在

實(shí)際的閱讀過程中不遇到生詞是不可能的，而若考生總是拘泥于搞懂個(gè)別單詞的意思其實(shí)是

非常浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。且不說這種習(xí)慣在考研過程中會(huì)影響閱讀的速度、效率和考生的信心，相

信所有考生在開始研究生學(xué)習(xí)之后都需要閱讀本領(lǐng)域的大量英文文獻(xiàn)，這些文獻(xiàn)中往往都有

非常大的單詞量，大家不可能光靠查字典解決問題。因此，猜測(cè)單詞的能力對(duì)于考生的閱讀

有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響，可以不夸張地說，大部分人?輩子都要在閱讀的時(shí)候不斷地猜測(cè)生詞的意

思，因此這是一種畢生的能力。

考研英語閱讀的猜詞題可以大致分為四類：1、猜測(cè)某個(gè)單詞的意思，這個(gè)單詞有可能是超

綱詞匯，也有可能是一個(gè)熟悉單詞的不熟悉用法；2、猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞組的意思，這個(gè)詞組中可

能包含了某個(gè)超綱詞匯，或者是一個(gè)熟悉單詞的特殊搭配；3、猜測(cè)某個(gè)句子的含義，這個(gè)

句子一般結(jié)構(gòu)不會(huì)非常復(fù)雜，不是長(zhǎng)難句，但是其中可能包含了一些超綱詞匯或者特殊的詞

組、習(xí)語、典故、成語等，此外這個(gè)句子也可能是引自文中某個(gè)人的話；4、猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞語

的指代含義，如it,this,that,which,these,those等，或者是?個(gè)意思籠統(tǒng)的抑或是某個(gè)集體

名詞在文中的具體含義,考生需要注意的是在做這種題時(shí)要把握答案與題干的單詞在性、數(shù)、

格上的一致。

做猜詞題的關(guān)鍵就在于通過上下文來理解所考查詞語、詞組和句子的含義，并且把答案套到

原文中看是否在邏輯上是否行得通?？忌f不能把題干孤立起來臆測(cè)其含義，這樣的做法

會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響做題效率。此外，考生也要相信自己的常識(shí)和邏輯判斷，一般來說作者在寫文章

的時(shí)候不會(huì)背離基本的常識(shí)。

猜詞題常見表達(dá)方式

1、考查某個(gè)單詞意思的猜詞題：

Theword“mania”(line4,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.(2007)

Theword“bummer”(line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething.(2006)

Theword“homogenizing”(line2,paragraph1)mostprobablymeans.(2006)

Theword“talking”(line6,paragraph3)denotes.(2005)

Theword“arbiters”(thelastsentence,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose.(2003)

Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive"(sentence2,paragraph7)?(2002)

Theword“gizmos”(sentence1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.(2002)

Thewordt4dcmographers^^(line1,paragraph7)mostprobablymeans.(1998)

Theword“schism”(line3,paragraph4)inthecontextmostprobablymeans.(1998)

Theword"pervasive”(sentence1,paragraph2)mightmean.(1997)

2、猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞組意思的猜詞題：

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis^^(lastline,paragraph4)?(2005)

Theexpression“tipserviceM(line3,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.(2004)

Thephrase"makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.(2003)

Inparagraph5,“thepowerless"probablyrefersto.(1998)

3、猜測(cè)某個(gè)句子含義的猜詞題：

Bysaying“thesefiguresareconservative^^(line3,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat.(2006)

Bysaying"Stratfordcriespoortraditionally^^(line2-3,paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthat.

(2006)

By"EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet”(line1,paragraph1),theauthormeans.(2004)

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(line2,paragraph5)?

(2004)

Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?(2003)

Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.(2000)

Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat.(1998)

Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”(thelastsentence,paragraph3)meansthat.(1997)

Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingfbrthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans.

(1997)

4、猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞語指代含義的猜詞題：

Theword"it"(line3,para2)mostprobablyrefersto.(1995)

5、其它常見的表達(dá)方式還包括：

Asusedinthetext,theword,phrasesuggeststhat.

Fromthetextwecanlearnthatisatermreferringto.

Theword,phrasecanbebestreplacedby.

Accordingtothepassage,theword,phrase"..."isknownas.

Thesentence"…”canbeparaphrasedas.

Theword,phrase"…"standsfbr.

Theword,phrasecanbebestreplacedbywhichofthefollowingword,phrase?

猜詞題常見出題位置

1、文章中出現(xiàn)的有多個(gè)意思的常用單詞，而且用到了該單詞的非常見用法。

2、文章中出現(xiàn)的超綱詞匯。

3、文章中出現(xiàn)的一些包含了普通單詞的特殊搭配的詞組。

4、文章中一些包含了特殊詞匯或者詞語的句子。

5、文章中出現(xiàn)的一些長(zhǎng)度較短的引言。

6、文章中出現(xiàn)的一些同位語或者同位語從句。

7、文章中出現(xiàn)的?些定語或者定語從句、賓語從句。

8、文章中出現(xiàn)的一些代詞或者意思籠統(tǒng)地單詞和集體名詞，尤其要注意放在句首的指示代

詞。

9、文章中的一些特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)前后，如冒號(hào)、引號(hào)、分號(hào)或者破折號(hào)。

10、文章中出現(xiàn)的列舉、對(duì)比、類比的地方。

猜詞題正確答案選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)

1、答案往往不是某個(gè)常見單詞或詞組的普通用法。

2、第一-眼看上去可能與考查的詞語或者詞語并沒有共同點(diǎn)，比如其單詞拼寫完全不同。

3、答案中一般不會(huì)有任何絕對(duì)性的單詞或詞組。

4、如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了意義相反的兩個(gè)單詞或詞組，那么正確答案必定是這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

的一個(gè)，因此可以排除掉另外兩個(gè)答案，提高答題的正確率。

猜詞題干擾答案選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)

1、某個(gè)普通詞語或詞組的常見含義。

2、看上去與所考查的單詞拼寫相近或者意義相近的答案。

3、答案中出現(xiàn)意義絕對(duì)化的單詞或詞組。

4、答案放在原文中在邏輯上和常識(shí)上都沒有問題,但是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)推敲發(fā)現(xiàn)并不符合上下文。

5、指代的內(nèi)容只是原文意思的一部分。

猜詞題解題方法

猜詞題的解題方法其實(shí)是所有題型中最簡(jiǎn)單的，即“代入上下文、杜絕望文生義”。也就

是說，要通過上下文的整體框架來推測(cè)含義，同時(shí)也要借助邏輯判斷和常識(shí)的積累。考生還

應(yīng)提高猜詞的能力，通過一個(gè)常見單詞猜測(cè)一個(gè)非常見單詞的含義，在總論中提供的一些常

見單詞前綴、后綴表和詞根表都有助于幫助考生培養(yǎng)這方面的能力。在涉及指代題的時(shí)候，

考生需要注意有的時(shí)候是指代一個(gè)單詞或者詞組，有的時(shí)候也會(huì)指代一個(gè)句子，需要在具體

做題時(shí)加以判斷。此外，積累詞匯量也是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期和后備的方法，如果考生不僅能夠掌握絕

大部分的大綱單詞，同時(shí)也掌握了相當(dāng)數(shù)量的超綱詞匯，自然能夠更加胸有成竹。如果知道

所考查詞匯的意思便可以輕易答題，即使不知道也可以通過平時(shí)積累的幫助提高猜詞的能力。

PartII、真題解題

1993年P(guān)assage3

Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:he

cangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.

Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichthe

inventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly（壟1析）andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothe

publicafterthatperiodterminates.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthelifespanofa

patentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

ThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceiver

circuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent?snormallifetherewasnocolour

TVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheinvention.

Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibrary

attachedtothepatentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyoneto

useand,ifolderthanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadvise

anyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesure

wayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,

becausepublicationofanideainanyotherformpermanentlyinvalidatesfurtherpatentsonthat

idea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmodemtechnological

advanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.

Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"newHideasare,infact,

asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessity

ordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,thatmakesnewsandmoney.The

basicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideas

behindtelevisionoriginatefromthelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrear

enginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.

44.Theword"plagiarize"（line8,Para.5）mostprobablymeans_

[A]stealanduse

[B]giverewardto

[C]makepublic

[D]takeandchange

[答案]A

[解題思路]

本題所在的原文為uIndeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostof

conductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyother

inventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatenn（實(shí)際上，專利專家們常對(duì)希望開發(fā)有效專利而

又想避免高額費(fèi)用的人提出建議，即避免侵犯他人專利權(quán)的有效方法就是使用過期專利）。

B和C選項(xiàng)顯然與原文無關(guān)，而D選項(xiàng)“change”的意思在文章中沒有體現(xiàn)出來。在專利

過期之后，任何人都可以把這個(gè)專利或其想法和流程拿來使用而不用經(jīng)過作者的同意，因此

就有“stealanduse”的意思。實(shí)際上plagiarize這個(gè)詞語的意思就是“抄襲，剽竊：把（他

人的觀點(diǎn)或文章）作為自己的使用”。

［題目譯文］

“plagiarize"（第五段第八行）最可能的意思是

［A］偷來使用

［B］給……頒獎(jiǎng)

［C］使……公開

［D］拿來并改變

1994年P(guān)assage1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydetenninewhatshallbeproducedby

spendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Private

businessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithother

businessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermines

howthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthe

demandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsand

thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbe

producedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemands

canbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismis

providedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemands

ofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativeto

thedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.

ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendto

increasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmore

consumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomic

system.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedto

ownproductiveresources（privateproperty）,andtheyarepennittedtohirelabor,gaincontrol

overnaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmerican

economy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresources

butalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafree

contractwithanotherprivateindividual.

51.InLine11,Para1,"thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes0means.

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

[答案]D

[解題思路]

本題詞組來自于文章第一段的最后?句話“Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthe

demandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsand

thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbe

producedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit”（因此，在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中，消費(fèi)者個(gè)人

的需求，加上商人獲取最大利潤(rùn)的追求及消費(fèi)者想最大限度提高購(gòu)買力的愿望三者共同決定

應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)什么和如何利用資源來生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品），從原句中可以看出所謂的“個(gè)人收入最大

化”其實(shí)包含著最大化收入的購(gòu)買力這層意思，即可以以同樣的收入買到更多的商品。分析

出這層意思后顯然只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意，而其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是表面上膚淺的理解。

[題目譯文]

在文章第一段第11行中，“個(gè)人對(duì)于收入最大化的期望''的意思是。

[A]美國(guó)人從來不滿足于他們的收入

[B]美國(guó)人往往過于強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的收入

[C]美國(guó)人想要增加他們的收入

[D]美國(guó)人想要提高他們收入的購(gòu)買力

1994年P(guān)assage2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygive

theirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,and

evenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthese

creditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyin

scatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashless

society"isnotonthehorizon——it'salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellers

too.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawide

rangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallows

businessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhow

fasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthe

sametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemost

efficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalso

identifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonby

manufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhich

productstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeep

trackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprise,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasand

electricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthrough

theuseofcomputers.

57.Thephrase"ringupsales”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"_

[A]makeanorderofgoods

[B]recordsalesonacashregister

[C]callthesalesmanager

[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

[答案]B

[解題思路]

題干中的詞組出現(xiàn)在文章第二段的第二句話“Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethan

simplyringupsalesw?文中沒有直接相關(guān)的指代或解釋信息，但從該句的registersw和下

一個(gè)句子中的“keeprecords”等信息中可以推測(cè)“ringup”就是“登記”的意思。實(shí)際上第

二段的第二、三句話的意思是“電子收銀機(jī)能做的遠(yuǎn)不止記錄銷售額，它們可進(jìn)行各種各樣

的記錄，包括誰賣了什么，什么時(shí)候賣的，賣給誰了等"，因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。同時(shí)也可

以將其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入原句看上下文是否連貫一致，從而可以分別排除三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

[題目譯文]

第二段第三行中的詞組“ringupsales”的意思很可能是。

[A]制定貨物訂單

[B]在現(xiàn)金簿上紀(jì)錄銷售狀況

[C]打電話給銷售經(jīng)理

[D]查明儲(chǔ)存的貨物狀況

1994年P(guān)assage4

“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe,llknowinvastdetailhowcancercells

arise,5,saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer."But,"hecautions,“some

peoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.Consider

Pasteur.Hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyears

beforecureswereavailable."

Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfive

years.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.For

someskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatistics

arestilldiscouraging13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas（胰

腺）.

Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.

Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,

whicharecancer-causinggenes（基因）,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraysto

radiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveral

oncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.

Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancers

areinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers.''Changesarea

normalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,"saysoncologistWilliamHaywar.Environmentalfactors

canneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,"Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainst

cosmicrays.**

Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.**First,weneedtounderstandhowthe

normalcellcontrolsitself.Second,wehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberof

genesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstand

howcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction."

66.Theword"dormantHinthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans_.

[A]dead

[B]ever-present

[C]inactive

[D]potential

[答案]c

[解題思路]

udormant"一詞出現(xiàn)在文章第三段的倒數(shù)第二句"Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationto

dietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown"。通過上下文的aactivate"

（激活）以及下一句中的“drivenintoaction”，這些線索都可以說明“dormant”表示的是

"inactive”的意思,正確答案為C。"dormant"的意思是"休眠的",原句的意思是“從

宇宙射線、輻射到日常飲食，任何東西都可能激活一個(gè)處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)的致癌基因，但如何激

活的原因卻尚不為人知”。

[題目譯文]

第三段中的“dormant”這個(gè)詞語的意思很可能是。

[A]死的

[B]經(jīng)常存在的

[C]不活躍的

[D]潛在的

1994年P(guān)assage5

Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds”tocomeinblinding

flashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhave

it,lookatthemold（霉）onapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.He

experimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.

InventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialandeiTor.Innovationislike

soccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequently

thantheyscore.

Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal-andso

itgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationand

othersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,and

theyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeas

fancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.

“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoing

thingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,^^wroteRudolphFlexh,alanguageauthority,this

accountsfbrourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcases

onwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefbre?^^The

creativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnot

acceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaverage

personwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovator

willsearchforalternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemore

interestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.

Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.

67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind"inthefirstparagraph?

[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.

[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

[C]Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

[答案]A

［解題思路］

文章第一句話指出uDiscoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds"to

comeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidentsv,接著卜文以SirAlexander

Fleming的例子來反證第一句話的論點(diǎn)?？梢娮髡哒J(rèn)為科學(xué)技術(shù)中的新發(fā)現(xiàn)都是辛勤研究和

做實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，而“untaughtmind”對(duì)這些情況不了解，因此正確答案為A。C選項(xiàng)是最這

個(gè)詞語的表面意思理解，頗具迷惑性。B和D選項(xiàng)則與原文不符。第一句話的意思為“科

學(xué)技術(shù)上的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造被“不知內(nèi)情者”看做靈感的眩目閃現(xiàn)或戲劇性事件的結(jié)果”。

［題目譯文］

第一段中作者所說的“untaughtmind^^是什么意思？

［A］一個(gè)不懂得實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中包含了辛勤工作的人

［B］在一個(gè)限制個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力的社會(huì)中的人

［C］一個(gè)沒有接受過教育的人

［D］一個(gè)時(shí)不時(shí)偶然地發(fā)現(xiàn)新想法的人

1995年P(guān)assageI

MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassista

rapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandso

makingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasit

helpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresan

increasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthe

costsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesas

much,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortube

wouldcost20percentmore.

Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueinthe

productsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovern

thetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothe

promiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleading

advertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuythe

inferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofI

knowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.

AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthink

of.

ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-known

televisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthan

informs.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.

Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinfbrmation-andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnot

impossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtly

persuasive——advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhaps

thatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.

51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat_.

[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising

[(B)everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming

[C])advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse

[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising

[答案]C

[解題思路]

本題可以直接從分析該句的角度解題。原句是"Moneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentas

wellasanyIknowof”,aswellas的意思是“也,和.....樣”,而“spentaswellasanyIknow

of”用來形容該詞組前面的money這個(gè)詞，此外any后面為了避免重復(fù)省略了money這個(gè)

詞。因此整個(gè)句子的譯文是“把錢花在做廣告上是我所知道的最好的花錢方式”，可見C

選項(xiàng)符合原文意思。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思都包含了原句之外的信息。

[題目譯文]

作者通過本文第一句想表達(dá)的意思是。

[A]他對(duì)于廣告成本的狀況相當(dāng)了解

[B]每個(gè)人都清楚地知道打廣告要用很多錢

[C]打廣告就像任何其他事情一樣需要花錢

[D]在廣告上花錢是值得的

1995年P(guān)assage2

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehave

generallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedand

measured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeigner

wholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshow

fortheirefforts.

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sinceby

definitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessis

nottheroaditselfbutrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,as

theyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreally

ends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengesto

accept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfront

theunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymayctfaiF,atfirst.Howweseeour-selvesas

wetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceiveourselvesasquick

andcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliar

experiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseusto

hesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethink

we'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Then

wearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochange

andgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotect

ourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.

57.Whentheauthorsays"anewwayofbeing*'(line2-3,Para.3)heisreferringto_.

[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld

[B]anewwayoftakingrisks

[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves

[D]anewsystemofadaptationtochange

[答案]A

[解題思路]

本題"anewwayofbeing所在句子為"Howweseeour-selvesaswetryanewwayofbeingis

essentialtoourabilitytogrown,其中可以判斷being在這里的意思是''生存"。B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)

的是第三段第一句話的一個(gè)小方面，因此可以排除。第二句話后面的文字提了三個(gè)問題并作

了相應(yīng)的回答，分三個(gè)方面對(duì)第二句話提供解釋，C和D選項(xiàng)都只是對(duì)應(yīng)其中的一個(gè)方面，

因而也可以排除。原句的意思是“我們?cè)趪L試新的生存方式的時(shí)候如何看待自己對(duì)于自己能

力增長(zhǎng)是非常重要的”，A選項(xiàng)與其最接近。

[題目譯文]

當(dāng)作者提至『'anewwayofbeing"(第三段第2-3行)，他指的是。

[A]一種經(jīng)歷世界的新方式

[B]一種審視自己的新方法

[C]一種承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的新方式

[D]?種適應(yīng)變化的新系統(tǒng)

1995年P(guān)assage3

Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecome

complicated.Manyoflife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsor

colleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpert

informationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeople

today.

Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarII.Asfamiliesmove

awayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,

theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbe

availablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowof

informationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearned

subconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciously

learned.

Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhas

moreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceof

informationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consumingand

sometimesevenoverwhelming.

Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhich

enablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhas

everbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatain

machine-readablefiles,andtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.

Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andvery

shortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextended

thepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbeshared

worldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithoutthe

participantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhas

facilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmaking

moreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinfbnnationisofgreatestimportance.

Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,

thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed.

"Knowledgeispower**maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemost

criticalrequirementofallpeople.

59.Theword"it”(line3,para.2)mostprobablyrefersto_.

[A]thelackofstablecommunities

[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels

［C］theincreasedmobilityoffamilies

［D］thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace

［答案］B

［解題思路］

本題中“it”這個(gè)詞所在的句子為原文第二段的第二句話"Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheir

stablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformal

flowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhen

neededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable由于很多家庭搬出了原來那個(gè)穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)，由此

離開了多年的朋友、并脫離了家族的聯(lián)系，其非正式的信息交流就被中斷了，因此他們也需