2020年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試《英語(yǔ)二》真題及解析

2020年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試《英語(yǔ)二》真題及解析材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題?Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwould（江南博哥）liketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery?1?,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,?2?,ayoungersibling.??3?,there’sanothersortofparentthat’sabiteasierto?4?:apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,?5?everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy?6?.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina?7?andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.?You’reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan?8?youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe?9?happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo?10?anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould?11?theclockandstartover.We’veallbeenthere.??12?,eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay?13?foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso?14?yourchild’sself-esteem.?Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour?15?withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe?16?ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen?17?bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskills.?Certainly,it’sincredibly?18?tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourkids.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tobethebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith?19?situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand?20?fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.查看材料1.【完形填空】第（1）題選A.tediousB.pleasantC.instructiveD.tricky正確答案：D參考解析：文章第一段第一句是主題句，該句提到，“每位父母都想成為好的父母”?？崭窬湟訠ut開頭，句意上出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折，“但是如何定義好的父母是個(gè)難題”。since后給出了原因，“因?yàn)椴煌暮⒆訉?duì)待同樣的養(yǎng)育方式反應(yīng)也是不同的”。tedious意為“冗長(zhǎng)的；啰唆的”；pleasant意為“令人愉快的；可喜的”；instructive意為“增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)的”；tricky意為“棘手的，困難的”，D項(xiàng)符合句意。查看材料2.【完形填空】第（2）題選A.inadditionB.forexampleC.atonceD.byaccident正確答案：B參考解析：前一句提到，“不同的孩子對(duì)待同樣的養(yǎng)育方式反應(yīng)也是不同的”，空格所在句為例證，“如果換一種養(yǎng)育方式，一個(gè)冷靜而聽話的孩子可能會(huì)比他的弟弟或妹妹反應(yīng)更好些”。所以用表示舉例分析的詞只有forexample“例如”最合適。其他選項(xiàng)：inaddition“另外”；atonce“偶爾”；byaccident“意外地”都不合適。查看材料3.【完形填空】第（3）題選A.FortunatelyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Eventually正確答案：A參考解析：空格所在句指出：還有一類父母描述起來會(huì)容易一些，這類父母是非常耐心的。第一段告訴我們?nèi)绾味x怎樣才是好的父母是個(gè)難題，空格句在上下文文義上都是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，幸運(yùn)的是／還好，有一類父母很好描述／定義，并且各個(gè)年齡段的孩子都可以從他們的養(yǎng)育方式中獲益。故選Fortunately“幸運(yùn)地；交好運(yùn)地”，其他選項(xiàng)Occasionally“偶爾”；Accordingly“對(duì)應(yīng)地”；Eventually“最終地”都不合適。查看材料4.【完形填空】第（4）題選A.amuseB.assistC.describeD.train正確答案：C參考解析：第一段告訴我們?nèi)绾味x怎樣才是好的父母是個(gè)難題，第二段出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，幸運(yùn)的是／還好，有一類父母很好描述／定義，describe“描述”與define“定義”相呼應(yīng)，故選c。amuse“逗笑；逗樂”；assist“幫助；協(xié)助”；train“訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)”三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合句意，故均排除。查看材料5.【完形填空】第（5）題選A.

whileB.

becauseC.

unlessD.

once正確答案：A參考解析：空格所在句指出：雖然每位父母都想成為耐心的父母，但這并不容易。逗號(hào)前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，只有while“然而”表轉(zhuǎn)折，故選A。because“因?yàn)椤?；unless“除非”；once“曾經(jīng)”三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合句意，故均排除。查看材料6.【完形填空】第（6）題選A.answerB.taskC.choiceD.access正確答案：B參考解析：空格所在句指出：雖然每位父母都想成為耐心的父母，但這不是個(gè)容易的差事／任務(wù)。task意為“任務(wù)”；其余選項(xiàng)answer“答案”；choice“選擇”；access“途徑／權(quán)限”都不合適，故選B。查看材料7.【完形填空】第（7）題選A.

tolerantB.

formalC.

rigidD.

critical正確答案：A參考解析：空格所在句指出：有時(shí)父母會(huì)很累很沮喪，這時(shí)候?qū)Υ⒆泳秃茈y沉著冷靜(composed)和包容。tolerant意為“包容的”；formal意為“正式的”；rigid意為“死板的”；critical意為“批評(píng)的”。A項(xiàng)帶入原句符合句意，故選A。查看材料8.【完形填空】第（8）題選A.moveB.dragC.pushD.send正確答案：C參考解析：空格所在句指出：你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人，而且有時(shí)候孩子會(huì)把你逼得很緊。push意為“催促／緊逼”；此處move“移動(dòng)，使感動(dòng)”；drag“拖拽”；send“發(fā)送”均不符合句意，故選C。查看材料9.【完形填空】第（9）題選A.mysteriousB.illogicalC.suspiciousD.inevitable正確答案：D參考解析：空格前一句指出：有時(shí)候孩子會(huì)把你逼得很緊?？崭窈笠痪渲赋觯耗銜?huì)失去耐心，對(duì)孩子大吼大叫。那么后一句“失去耐心，對(duì)孩子大吼大叫”是前一句“有時(shí)候孩子會(huì)把你逼得很緊”的必然結(jié)果。mysterious意為“神秘的”；illogical意為“不合邏輯的”；suspicious意為“懷疑的”；inevitable意為“無法避免的／必然的”。帶入原句，D項(xiàng)符合句意，故選D。查看材料10.【完形填空】第（10）題選A.boringB.naiveC.harshD.vague正確答案：C參考解析：空格所在句句意：你會(huì)失去耐心并對(duì)孩子大吼大叫，而且有時(shí)候會(huì)說一些很傷人／刻薄的話，對(duì)每個(gè)人都沒好處。根據(jù)上下文可推知，something后面的形容詞一定是貶義的，boring意為“沒趣的；令人厭倦的”；naive意為“缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；幼稚的”；harsh意為“刺耳的／嚴(yán)格的”；vague意為“含糊的，不明確的”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)是帶貶義色彩的詞并符合句意的，故選C。查看材料11.【完形填空】第（11）題選A.turnbackB.takeapartC.setasideD.coverup正確答案：A參考解析：空格所在句句意：你會(huì)希望時(shí)間倒流，一切重新再來。turn

back意為“(使)往回走”；takeapart意為“拆開／拆解”；setaside意為“把……放一旁／不理會(huì)”；coverup意為“蓋起來”。B、C、D三項(xiàng)均不符合句意，故選A。查看材料12.【完形填空】第（12）題選A.OverallB.InsteadC.HoweverD.Otherwise正確答案：C參考解析：空格所在句句意：然而，即使這是很普遍的現(xiàn)象，我們還是要牢記，哪怕只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的疲憊，都會(huì)讓你對(duì)孩子說一些你會(huì)后悔很久的話。上一段描述了一般情況下父母是如何對(duì)孩子失去耐心的，并且這很普遍“We’veallbeenthere／it’s

common”，空格所在句對(duì)比上一段發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，所以要填一個(gè)含有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的詞。overall意為“全面的”；instead意為“反而；卻”，however意為“然而”；otherwise意為“否則；不然”，故選C：查看材料13.【完形填空】第（13）題選A.likeB.missC.believeD.regret正確答案：D參考解析：上一段描述了父母如何對(duì)孩子失去耐心，然后又希望時(shí)間倒流，一切重新再來，哪怕只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的疲憊，都會(huì)讓父母對(duì)孩子說一些他們會(huì)后悔(regret)很久的話，故選D。其他選項(xiàng)like“喜歡”；miss“錯(cuò)過”；believe“相信”均不符合上下文，故均排除。

查看材料14.【完形填空】第（14）題選A.

raiseB.

affectC.

justifyD.

reflect正確答案：B參考解析：結(jié)合原文語(yǔ)境，空格所在句句意：這也許不僅會(huì)傷害你和孩子之間的關(guān)系，而且會(huì)……你孩子的自尊，所以空格處需要填上一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，這個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以與后面的賓語(yǔ)自尊心搭配。因此答案只能是affect“影響”，故選B。而raise意為“提高，養(yǎng)育”；iustify意為“證明……正確”；reflect意為“反映”，均不能與“自尊心”合理搭配，故均排除。

查看材料15.【完形填空】第（15）題選A.timeB.bondC.raceD.cool正確答案：D參考解析：空格所在句句意：如果你總是對(duì)你的孩子失去……本文一直在探討的主題就是對(duì)孩子要有耐心，所以該空填與耐心類似的詞。cool有“冷靜”之意，所以符合題意的只能是cool，而time“時(shí)間”；bond“結(jié)合，紐帶”；race“比賽，種族”都不符合這里的語(yǔ)境。查看材料16.【完形填空】第（16）題選A.natureB.secretC.importanceD.context正確答案：C參考解析：AofB的結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞A主要參照的是后面of結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)它的修飾作用。0f結(jié)構(gòu)在這里表示“建立對(duì)孩子寬容和耐心的……”，聯(lián)系前面提到的“我們?cè)絹碓街匾暋币虼朔项}意的是importance“重要性”，故選C：nature意為“自然、天性”；secret意為“秘密”；context意為“環(huán)境”，均不符合題意，故均排除。查看材料17.【完形填空】第（17）題選A.cheatedB.defeatedC.confusedD.confronted正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)本題語(yǔ)境，“事實(shí)上，在……壓力時(shí)，情緒調(diào)節(jié)或維持情緒控制的能力是所有生活技能中最重要的一項(xiàng)”，壓力前面應(yīng)搭配confronted“面對(duì)”，故選D。其他的選項(xiàng)cheated“欺騙”；defeated“打敗”；confused“困惑”均不符合題意。查看材料18.【完形填空】第（18）題選A.terribleB.hardC.strangeD.wrong正確答案：B參考解析：空格所在句句意：不可避免的……一直對(duì)孩子保持耐心。可以先看選項(xiàng)terrible“糟糕的”；strange“奇怪的”；wrong“錯(cuò)誤的”，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不能放在此處形成合理搭配，所以hard“困難的”更合適查看材料19.【完形填空】第（19）題選A.tryingB.changingC.excitingD.surprising正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境“一個(gè)更實(shí)際的目標(biāo)是去嘗試，盡你最大的能力，當(dāng)你面對(duì)涉及孩子的……情況時(shí)，盡可能地寬容和冷靜”。需要父母寬容和冷靜的應(yīng)該是不太好的情況，選項(xiàng)中，trying作形容詞時(shí)意為“令人厭煩的”最合適。其他選項(xiàng)changing“變化”；exciting“激動(dòng)人心的”；surprising“令人驚訝的”，均不能體現(xiàn)這里的含義：查看材料20.【完形填空】第（20）題選A.hideB.emergeC.withdrawD.escape正確答案：B參考解析：空格所在句句意：朝著這個(gè)目標(biāo)努力的結(jié)果是，你和你的孩子將受益并從很有壓力的這些時(shí)候……，在身體和情感上感覺更好。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有emerge“浮現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)”最符合題意，所以選B，而hide“隱藏”；withdraw“撤退”；escape“逃避”均為負(fù)面含義，故均排除。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題?Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformroboticrats.?Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial一for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.?Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside?Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.?Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.?Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,”saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.?Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.查看材料21.【閱讀理解PartA】Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan_______.A.pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingratsB.distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileoneC.attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtrainingD.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Quinnandhercolleagues和atest定位到第一段第二句“Tofindoutifthisextendstonon—livingbeings，LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia，SanDiego，andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats”，為了查明這是否延

伸到了非生物，奎因和她的同事測(cè)試了老鼠能否從機(jī)器老鼠身上探測(cè)到社會(huì)信號(hào)。A項(xiàng)“從沒有生命的老鼠身上獲取社會(huì)信號(hào)”是原文的同義替換，故選A。B項(xiàng)“區(qū)分友好的老鼠和敵對(duì)的

老鼠”，C項(xiàng)“通過特殊訓(xùn)練獲得社交品質(zhì)”D項(xiàng)“向它們的同伴發(fā)出警告信息”，在原文中均未提及，故均排除。

查看材料22.【閱讀理解PartA】Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?A.Itfollowedthesocialrobot.B.Itplayedwithsometoys.C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree.D.Itmovedaroundalone.正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theasocialrobot和experiment定位到第三段最后一句

“Meanwhile。theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside”，同時(shí)，不具有

社交能力的機(jī)器人只能進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的前后左右移動(dòng)。D項(xiàng)“它獨(dú)自移動(dòng)”是原文的同義替換。A

項(xiàng)“它跟隨具備社交能力的老鼠”，與原文“thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround”不

符，原文中說的是具備社交能力的老鼠跟隨真老鼠。B項(xiàng)“它玩一些玩具”，與原文“thesocial

robotrat…playedwiththesametoys”不符，原文中說的是具備社交能力的老鼠玩同樣的玩具。C

項(xiàng)“它釋放了被困的老鼠”與原文“thesocialrobotrat…openedcageddoorstolettrappedrats

escape”不符，原文中說的是具備社交能力的老鼠釋放了被困的老鼠，故排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。查看材料23.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey_______.A.triedtopracticeameansofescapeB.expectedittodothesameinreturnC.wantedtodisplaytheirintelligenceD.consideredthataninterestinggame正確答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Quinn和theratsreleasedthesocialrobots定位到第四段，第四段最后一句“Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier，and

wantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped，shesays”?？蛘f：“這可能會(huì)讓

老鼠更好地記住早些時(shí)候已經(jīng)釋放了機(jī)器人，并希望機(jī)器人在它們被困住時(shí)能回報(bào)它們

的恩惠。”B項(xiàng)“希望它也會(huì)這么做”是原文的同義替換jA項(xiàng)“試圖嘗試一種逃跑的方法”，c項(xiàng)“想要展示它們的智慧”和D項(xiàng)“覺得是個(gè)有趣的游戲”在原文當(dāng)中均未提及，故均排除。查看材料24.【閱讀理解PartA】JanetWilesnotesthatrats_______.A.canrememberotherrats'facialfeaturesB.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizesC.respondmoretoactionsthantolooksD.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels正確答案：C參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞JanetWiles定位到第七段，第七段最后一句“Wehumans

seemtobefascinatedbyrobots，anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo，saysWiles”。懷爾斯說：“我們?nèi)祟愃坪鯇?duì)機(jī)器人很著迷，事實(shí)證明其他動(dòng)物也很著迷?！痹俳Y(jié)合第七段前面部分的闡述，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)c項(xiàng)“對(duì)行動(dòng)的反應(yīng)多于對(duì)外表的反應(yīng)”，是原文的類似表達(dá)。A項(xiàng)“能夠記住其他老鼠的

面部特征”，與原文內(nèi)容不符。B項(xiàng)“與體型大小相比，能夠更好地區(qū)分氣味”，與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文中只提到賦予機(jī)器老鼠真老鼠的氣味。D項(xiàng)“會(huì)被裝有輪子的塑料盒子嚇壞”，與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文中只是提到機(jī)器老鼠只是裝有輪子的塑料盒子，故排除A、B、D三項(xiàng)。查看材料25.【閱讀理解PartA】Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats_______.A.appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundingsB.aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimalsC.behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializingD.aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected正確答案：D參考解析：題干并沒有具體關(guān)鍵詞，所以需要通過選項(xiàng)回到文中逐一對(duì)應(yīng)。D項(xiàng)“對(duì)社交線索比預(yù)期更敏感”，與原文第七段第一句“Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocial

cues，evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots，saysWiles”，屬于類似表達(dá)，即這一發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示了老鼠對(duì)社交暗示的敏感程度，即使是來自基本機(jī)器老鼠的社交暗示，故選D：A項(xiàng)“似乎能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境”，在文中并未提及。B項(xiàng)“比其他動(dòng)物更活躍”，與原文不符，在文中只提到其他動(dòng)物也一樣會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)器人著迷。C項(xiàng)“在社交活動(dòng)中表現(xiàn)得與孩子不同”，與原文內(nèi)容相反，原文內(nèi)容指的是孩子們傾向于把機(jī)器人當(dāng)作人來對(duì)待，即使他們只顯示簡(jiǎn)單的社會(huì)信號(hào)，這一點(diǎn)與老鼠是一樣的，故排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。背景材料材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答26-30題?ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.?ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.?Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto"runthecompany"CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfarlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.?ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernmancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.?Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.查看材料26.【閱讀理解PartA】WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?A.ThegrowthinthenumberofcorporationsB.ThegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomyC.IncreasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirmsD.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomics正確答案：C參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞CEOpayrise及題干中對(duì)CEO薪酬增加原因的提問，定位到第二段第一句“ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEO

talentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly”。了解CEO薪酬增長(zhǎng)的最佳模式是，CEO人才在一個(gè)頂級(jí)公司的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)迅速增長(zhǎng)的世界里是有限的。C項(xiàng)

“增加頂級(jí)公司商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的增加”是原文的同義替換，故選C。A項(xiàng)“公司數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)”，與原文內(nèi)容不符，文中并不是說公司數(shù)量而是商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。B項(xiàng)“好轉(zhuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的普遍加薪”，文中并未提到bettereconomy。D項(xiàng)“主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間的密切合作”，文中未提到經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間的合作，故排除A、B、D三項(xiàng)。查看材料27.【閱讀理解PartA】Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto_______.A.fosterastrongersenseofteamworkB.financemoreresearchanddevelopmentC.establishclosertieswithtechcompaniesD.operatemoreglobalizedcompanies正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞predecessors及today’s

CEOs定位到第三段第三句“Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors，asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant”。他們還需要比他們的前任更好的公關(guān)技巧，因?yàn)榧词故且粋€(gè)小失誤的成本也可能是巨大的。選項(xiàng)中并未提到，繼續(xù)往后看“Thenthere’s

thefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore，withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries”。還有一個(gè)事實(shí)是，美國(guó)的大公司比以往任何時(shí)候都更加全球化，供應(yīng)鏈遍布更多的國(guó)家。D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)營(yíng)更全球化的公司”是該句內(nèi)容的同義替換，故選D。A項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)更強(qiáng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作意識(shí)”，文中提到意識(shí)，只有對(duì)金融市場(chǎng)有很好的了解，甚至公司應(yīng)該如何進(jìn)行交易的意識(shí)。B項(xiàng)“資助更多的研發(fā)”和c項(xiàng)“與科技公司建立更緊密的聯(lián)系”定位段并未提到，故排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。查看材料28.【閱讀理解PartA】CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite_______.A.continualinternaloppositionB.strictcorporategovernanceC.conservativebusinessstrategiesD.repeatedgovernmentwarnings正確答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the1970s定位到第四段第三句“Yetitisprincipallyduring

thisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising”。然而，首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬主要是在這一治理更加有力的時(shí)期一直居高不下。B項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)格的公司管理”，是原文內(nèi)容的替換表達(dá)，故選B。A項(xiàng)“持續(xù)的內(nèi)部對(duì)立”在文中并未提到。C項(xiàng)“保守的商業(yè)策略”，定位段并沒有提到。D項(xiàng)“政府的再三警告”，定位段并未提到，故排除A、C、D三項(xiàng)。查看材料29.【閱讀理解PartA】HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps_______.A.confirmthestatusofCEOsB.motivateinsidecandidatesC.boosttheefficiencyofCEOsD.increasecorporatevalue正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞HighCEOpay及順序出題規(guī)則，繼續(xù)看最后一段，定位句是“AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto，say，stockprices，asign

thatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO”。"當(dāng)公司把首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬與股票價(jià)格掛鉤時(shí)，股票市場(chǎng)的反應(yīng)是積極的，這表明這些做法不僅為首席執(zhí)行官帶來機(jī)制，而且創(chuàng)造了公司價(jià)值。D項(xiàng)“增加公司價(jià)值”，是原文內(nèi)容的替換表達(dá)，故選D。A項(xiàng)“證實(shí)CEO的地位”。B項(xiàng)“激發(fā)內(nèi)部候選人的積極性”，文中最后一段第一句提到，首席執(zhí)行官的最高薪水是付給外部候選人的，而不是付給那些舒適的內(nèi)部人選，故排除B項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)“提高CEO的效率”，定位段未提到。查看材料30.【閱讀理解PartA】Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe_______.A.CEOsAreNotOverpaidB.CEOPay:PastandPresentC.CEOs'ChallengesofTodayD.CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)題干分析文章主題詞為“CEO的薪酬”，所以排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“首席執(zhí)行官的薪水并不高”，B項(xiàng)“CE0的薪酬：過去和現(xiàn)在”，而CEO過去的薪酬并不是原文中心，屬于偏離主題，故選A。

材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答31-35題?MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.?MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.?Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.Thatsbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers一whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.?It'snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.?It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents'healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits—fewerheartattacks,strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.?Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments一BritainsandothersacrossEurope—havefailedtodoso.?Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas—citycentres,schoolstreets",evenindividualroads—arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.查看材料31.【閱讀理解PartA】WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?A.Itseffectsarequestionable.B.Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge.C.Itneedstougherenforcement.D.Itsfateisyettobedecided.正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Madrid’scleanairzone定位到第一段，第一段說明背景，Madrid’scleanairzone的執(zhí)行暫停，該段提到盡管能夠提高空氣質(zhì)量，但是市長(zhǎng)表示反對(duì)。一位法官現(xiàn)在否決了該市停止征收罰款的決定，下令恢復(fù)原狀。但隨著法律斗爭(zhēng)的進(jìn)行，Madrid’scleanairzone的未來看起來也不確定。D項(xiàng)“它的命運(yùn)尚未決定”，是原文內(nèi)容的替換表達(dá)，故選D。A項(xiàng)“其效果值得懷疑”，與原文內(nèi)容相反。B項(xiàng)“它遭到法官的反對(duì)”與原文不符，文中法官反對(duì)的并不是Madrid’scleanairzone，而是停止征收罰款的決定。C項(xiàng)“它需要更嚴(yán)格的執(zhí)行”與原文不符，文中是執(zhí)行已經(jīng)停止，故排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。查看材料32.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?A.Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.B.Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.C.Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.D.Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aweaknessofthecity-levelmeasures及tackledirtyair定位到第三段第二句“That’s

becausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers--whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles--ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhose

cheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution”。這是因?yàn)樗麄儾豢杀苊獾匕亚鍧嵖諝獾馁M(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)嫁給那些必須支付費(fèi)用或購(gòu)買更好車輛的司機(jī)，而不是汽車制造商，因?yàn)樗麄兊钠垓_是造成我們有毒污染的真正原因。D項(xiàng)“他們給個(gè)人駕車者增加了太多負(fù)擔(dān)”與原文內(nèi)容一致，故選D。A項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)汽車制造商有偏見”，文中提到汽車制造商，卻并未提到對(duì)其有無偏見。B項(xiàng)“這些措施對(duì)市議會(huì)來說是不切實(shí)際的”，定位段并未提到。C項(xiàng)“他們被認(rèn)為對(duì)政治家來說太溫和了”，定位段并未提到。查看材料33.【閱讀理解PartA】TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill_______.A.arousestrongresistanceB.ensureKhan'selectoralsuccessC.improvethecity'strafficD.discouragecarmanufacturing正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞extension和London’s

Ulez定位到第三段“AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends，itissuretospark

intenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected”。如果薩迪克·汗在2021年勝出，并按照他的意愿將其延伸至南北環(huán)路，肯定會(huì)引發(fā)更多駕車者的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，屆時(shí)他們將受到影響：A項(xiàng)“引起強(qiáng)烈抵抗”與原文內(nèi)容一致，故選A。B項(xiàng)“確保Khans選舉成功”與原文不符，文中提到的是如果這個(gè)人贏了。C項(xiàng)“改善城市交通”，定位段并未提到。D項(xiàng)“抑制汽車制造業(yè)”定位段并未提到，故排除B、C、D三項(xiàng)。查看材料34.【閱讀理解PartA】Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?A.Localresidents.B.Mayors.C.Councilors.D.Nationalgovernments.正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題干信息，問的是作者的具體觀點(diǎn)。定位到第五段“Butmayorsand

councillorscanonlydoSOmuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown．Theyare

actingbecausenationalgovernments--Britain’s

andothersacrossEurope--havefailedtodoso”。但是市長(zhǎng)和議員們只能對(duì)一個(gè)比任何一個(gè)城市或城鎮(zhèn)都大得多的問題做這么多的工作。他們之所以采取行動(dòng)，是因?yàn)橛?guó)和歐洲其他國(guó)家的政府未能做到這一點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)“作者”認(rèn)為國(guó)家政府應(yīng)該解決這個(gè)問題，與原文內(nèi)容一致，故選D。A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)鼐用瘛?，定位段并未提到。B項(xiàng)“市長(zhǎng)”和C項(xiàng)“議員”，出現(xiàn)在定位句，但是與原文內(nèi)容相反，故排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。查看材料35.【閱讀理解PartA】Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies_______.A.willraiselow-emissioncarproductionB.shouldbeforcedtofollowregulationsC.willupgradethedesignoftheirvehiclesD.shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision正確答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)題干信息autocompanies，定位到最后一段第一句“requireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance”，要求汽車公司使其車輛符合要求。B項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該被迫遵守規(guī)定”，與原文信息一致，故選B。A項(xiàng)“將提高低排放汽車產(chǎn)量”，定位段并未提到。C項(xiàng)“將升級(jí)他們的車輛設(shè)計(jì)”和D項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該接受公眾監(jiān)督”在原文中沒有相關(guān)信息。背景材料材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答36-40題?NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring—themostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear—theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthestreetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat'stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.?If"entitled"isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(thosebornbetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertswhostudythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren'tinterestedintakinganychances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.CollegeloanbalancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve.?OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followedbyasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatergood.查看材料36.【閱讀理解PartA】GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring_______.A.arerecognizedfortheirabilitiesB.areinfavorofofficejoboffersC.areoptimisticaboutthelabormarketD.aredrawinggrowingpublicattention正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題干直接定位到文章第一段第一句話“NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring—themostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995，giveortakeayear—theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks”，D項(xiàng)“(Drawinggrowingpublicattention”對(duì)應(yīng)句中“theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks(近幾周的關(guān)注度在穩(wěn)步提高)”，其中attention原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，rising和growing同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。A項(xiàng)“承認(rèn)他們的能力”，B項(xiàng)“支持工作機(jī)會(huì)”，C項(xiàng)“對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)持樂觀態(tài)度”，在定位區(qū)間中沒有找到這些選項(xiàng)相應(yīng)的對(duì)應(yīng)信息。查看材料37.【閱讀理解PartA】GenerationZsarekeenlyaware_______.A.whatatougheconomicsituationislikeB.whattheirparentsexpectofthemC.howtheydifferfrompastgenerationsD.howvaluableacounselor'sadviceis正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)題干中的aware直接定位到第二段第四行“GenZsknowwhataneconomic

trainwrecklookslike”，GenZs知道經(jīng)濟(jì)列車受到重創(chuàng)是什么樣子的?A項(xiàng)“tougheconomicsituation”對(duì)應(yīng)句中“economictrainwreek”，在定位區(qū)間中沒有找到其他選項(xiàng)相應(yīng)的對(duì)應(yīng)信息查看材料38.【閱讀理解PartA】Theword"assuage"(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto_______.A.defineB.relieveC.maintainD.deepen正確答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)題干，可以定位到第二段第六句話“Theboomingeconomyseemstohave

donelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency，especiallyforthosewho

havecollegedebt”，所以解題的關(guān)鍵是判斷“Theboomingeconomy(繁榮的經(jīng)濟(jì))”和“generational

senseofanxiousurgency(代際焦慮)”的關(guān)系?根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，繁榮的經(jīng)濟(jì)可以降低求職者的焦慮，再結(jié)合上一道題我們知道，GenZs是務(wù)實(shí)和謹(jǐn)慎(practicalandcautious)的一代。由此可以得出繁榮的經(jīng)濟(jì)并未降低求職者的焦慮，原文已有“并未”(havedonelittle)，B項(xiàng)relieve“減輕”與我們的判斷一致，故選B。而其他選項(xiàng)，define“定義”，maintain“保持”，deepen“加深”和我們的判斷都不一致。查看材料39.【閱讀理解PartA】ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs_______.A.carelittleabouttheirjobperformanceB.givetopprioritytoprofessionaltrainingC.thinkithardtoachievework-lifebalanceD.haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob正確答案：D參考解析：題目中明確出題段落“fromParagraph3”。因此，第三段的第一句“chose

theirmajorwithajobinmind”，按照自己的理想工作選擇專業(yè)和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己的未來工作有明確認(rèn)識(shí)”相符合。根據(jù)原文中的第二句話“未來雇主最重要的特性是工作的穩(wěn)定性，第二位是職業(yè)發(fā)展與培訓(xùn)，第三位是吸引人的目標(biāo)”，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，C項(xiàng)并未體現(xiàn)。查看材料40.【閱讀理解PartA】Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare_______.A.lessrealisticB.lessadventurousC.morediligentD.more