職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級模擬試題及答案解析14

職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級模擬試題及答案解析(14)

(1/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請從

每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第1題

Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehousesincethievesanytimeknowwheretolook.

A.virtually

B.variously

C.unavoidably

□.invariably

下一題

(2/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請從

每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第2題

Herspecialityisheartsurgery.

A.region

B.site

C.field

D.platform

上一題下一題

(3/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請從

每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第3題

Kate'sambitiontobecomeanursearosefromadesiretohelpothers.

A.prompted

B.promoted

C.programmed

□.proceeded

上一題下一題

(4/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請從

每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第4題

Drivingacarwithoutinsurancecanhavedisastrousconsequences.

A.uncertain

B.destructive

C.potential

D.unworthy

上一題下一題

(5/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請從

每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第5題

Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhimandtheybothtriedtohamperhiminhiswork.

A.hinder

B.support

C.assist

□.encourage

上一題下一題

(6/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請從

每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第6題

Thepolicerefusedtodisclosethecluestheywereworkingon.

A.exhibit

B.uncover

C.expose

D.discern

上一題下一題

(7/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請從

每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第7題

Thereisanabundantsupplyofcheaplaborinthiscountry.

A.asteady

B.aplentiful

C.anextra

D.astable

上一題下一題

(8/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請從

每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第8題

Theoncebarrenhillsidesarenowgoodfarmland.

A.hairless

B.bare

C.empty

D.bald

上一題下一題

(9/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請從

每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第9題

Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttooobscureforanyoneto

appreciate.

A.drastic

B.dull

C.tenebrous

0.distinct

上一題下一題

(10/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請

從每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第10題

Thedentisthasdecidedtotakeoutthegirl'sbadtooth.

A.dig

B.draw

C.pull

0.extract

上一題下一題

(11/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請

從每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第11題

Itispostulatedthatacureforthediseasewillhavebeenfoundbytheyear2000.

A.challenged

B.assumed

C.deducted

□.decreed

上一題下一題

(12/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請

從每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第12題

12Youshouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.

A.spread

B.mixed

C.beaten

0.covered

上一題下一題

(13/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請

從每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第13題

Thenewswillhorrifyeveryone.

A.attract

B.terrify

C.tempt

D.excite

上一題下一題

(14/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請

從每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第14題

WithimmensereliefIstoppedrunning.

A.some

B.enormous

C.little

0.extensive

上一題下一題

(15/15)詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有括號或下劃線，請

從每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第15題

Canadawillprohibitsmokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.

A.ban

B.remove

C.eliminate

D.expel

上一題下一題

（16~22/共7題）閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容

對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A項(xiàng)；如果該句提供的錯誤信

息，請選擇B項(xiàng)：如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請選擇C項(xiàng)。

StemCellTherapyMayHelpRepairtheHeart

AccordingtoscientistsintheUSA,stemcelltherapymayonedaybeabletorepairthehearts

ofpeoplewithheartfailure.ResearchersatPittsburghUniversitySchoolofMedicineexamined

20patientswhohadsevereheartfailureandweregoingtohavesurgery.

Theyinjectedstemcellsintothepartsoftheirheartsthatweredamaged.Theythen

comparedtheirheartswiththoseofpeoplewhohadundergonesurgerywithouthavingthestem

cellsinjectedintothem（theyhadalsosufferedfromsevereheartfailure）.Thepatientswhohad

hadthestemcellsinjectedhadheartsthatwereabletopump（用泵抽取）morebloodthanthe

others.

AccordingtoProfessorRobertKormos,oneoftheresearchers,theseresultscould

revolutionizehearttreatment.Althoughpreviousstudieshadindicatedthattheremightbea

benefit,thisisthefirststudythathasactuallyprovedthatstemcelltherapycanhelpthefailing

heartworkbetter.

Allthepatientsinthisstudyhadheartsthatcouldnotpumpbloodproperly.Thescientists

measuredtheirejectionfraction（射血分?jǐn)?shù)）.Itisameasureofheartperformance;youmeasure

howmuchbloodisbeingpumpedoutbytheleftventricle（心室）.

Healthypeople'sejectionfractionisabout55%.Thesepatientshadejectionfractionofunder

35%.Theyallhadby-passsurgery（搭橋手術(shù)）performedonthem.Someofthepatientshad

stemcellstakenfromtheirhipbonesandinjectedinto25—30sitesinthedamagedheartmuscle.

Sixmonthslatertheirejectionfractionratewas46.1%whilethosewhojusthadsurgerybutno

stemcellinjectionsaveraged37.2%.

Nosideeffectswerereported.

Heartfailureisacommonproblemallovertheworld.IntheUKaloneabout650,000people

sufferfromheartfailureeveryyear.Asthenumberofpeoplesufferingfromheartfailure

increasesintheworldingeneralthesefindingsareparticularlysignificant.

Currenttreatmentsrelievethesymptoms.Thisnewstemcelltherapyactuallyrepairsthe

damagedmuscleintheheartandhasthepotentialofcuringthedisease.

第16題

The20patientshadstemcellinjectionsinsteadofsurgery.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

第0題

Theexperimentprovedtobesatisfactory.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

第18題

Thecontrolgrouppatientsregrettednothavinghadstemcellinjections.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

第19題

Thestudyactuallyprovedforthefirsttimethebenefitofstemcelltherapy.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

第20題

Theejectionfractionrateofthepatientswithstemcellinjectionsdecreased.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

第21題

HeartfailureismorecommonintheUKthananywhereelseintheworld.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

第22題

Stemcelltherapyseemstohavegreatprospects.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

上一題下一題

（23~30/共8題）概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：（1）1?4

題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第5?8題要求從

所給的6個選項(xiàng)中選擇4個正確的選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個句子。

TheDrinkYourBodyNeedsMost

1.Ourbodiesareestimatedtobeabout60%to70%water.Bloodismostlywater.Andour

muscles,lungs,andbrainallcontainalotofwater.Waterisneededtoregulatebodytemperature

andtoprovidethemeansfornutrients（滋養(yǎng)物）totraveltoallourorgans.Wateralsotransports

oxygentoourcells,removeswaste,andprotectsourjointsandorgans.

2.Welosewaterthroughurination（排尿），respiration（呼吸）,andbysweating.Ifyouarevery

active,youlosemorewaterthanifyoudonottakemuchexercise.Symptomsofmilddehydration

（脫水）includechronicpainsinjointsandmuscles,lowerbackpain,headaches,andconstipation

（便秘）.Astrongsmelltoyoururine,alongwithayellowcolorindicatesthatyouarenotgetting

enoughwater.Thirstisallobvioussignofdehydrationandinfact,youneedwaterlongbefore

youfeelthirsty.

3.Agoodruleofthumb（好的做法）istotakeyourbodyweightinpoundsanddividethat

numberinhalf.Thatgivesyouthenumberofounces（盎司）ofwaterperdaythatyouneed.For

example,ifyouweigh160pounds,youshoulddrinkatleast80ouncesofwaterperday.Ifyou

exerciseyoushoulddrinkanother8-ounceglassofwaterforevery20minutesyouareactive.If

youdrinkcoffeeoralcohol,youshouldaddatleastanequalamountofwater.Whenyouare

travelingonanairplane,itisgoodtohave8ouncesofwaterforeveryhouryouareonboardthe

plane.

4.Itmaybedifficulttodrinkenoughwateronabusyday.Besureyouhavewaterhandyatall

timesbykeepingabottleforwaterwithyouwhenyouareworking,traveling,orexercising.Ifyou

getboredwithplainwater;addabitoflemonforatouchofflavor.Therearesomebrandsof

flavoredwateravailable,butsomeofthemhavesugarorartificialsweetenersthatyoudon't

need.

第23題

Paragraph1

A.OuncesofWaterNeededPerDay

B.ImportanceofWater

C.CompositionofWater

D.SignsofDehydration

E.SupplyofWater

F.NecessityforBringingaBottleforWaterwithYou

第24題

Paragraph2

第25題

Paragraph3

第26題

Paragraph4

第27題

Onecannotlive.

A.inyourbody

B.withoutwater

C.beforelong

D.forachange

E.onabusyday

F.toyourweight

第28題

Dehydrationmayoccurifthereisashortageofwater.

第29題

Theamountofwateryourbodyneedsperdayiscloselyrelated.

第30題

Don'tforgettodrinkenoughwatereven.

上一題下一題

（31~35/共15題）閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項(xiàng)。

請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問題，從4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1最佳答案。

OlderVolcanicEruptions

Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywerebigger,but

becausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedoutlifewithgreaterease.

PaulWignailfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcanic

eruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,but

allthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsof

volcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamage

theyseemedtodo.Hecalculatedthe"killingefficiency"forthesevolcanoesbycomparingthe

proportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflavathattheyproduced.Hefoundthatsize

forsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecent

rivals.

ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago,ismarkedby

floodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Those

volcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.The

globalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime,andittook5

millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago,therewasanotherhugeamount

ofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbut

thingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears."Themostrecentoneshardlyhavean

effectatall,"Wignailsays.Heignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs65million

yearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.

Hethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpower—becausemorerecentlifeformswere

betteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.

VincentCourtillot,directoroftheParisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,saysthatWignall'sidea

isprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthat

thekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibleto

tellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.Healsoaddsthatitis

difficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolumemay

notnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideemissions.

第31題

Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmorerecentones?

A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.

B.Becausetheywerebrighter.

C.Becausetheywerelarger.

□.Becausetheywerehotter.

第32題

HowdidWignallcalculatethekillingpowerofthoseoldervolcaniceruptions?

A.Byestimatinghowlongtheylasted.

B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled

C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompositionoflava.

D.Bycomparingtheproportionoflifewipedoutwiththevolumeoflavaproduced.

第33題

Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?

A.800millionyearsago.

B.250millionyearsago.

C.60millionyearsago.

D.65millionyearsago.

第34題

Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3concerningdinosaurs?

A.Theywerekilledoffbyanasteroid.

B.Theydiedofdrasticclimatechange.

C.Theywerewipedoffbyavolcaniceruption.

D.Thecauseoftheirextinctionhasremainedacontroversialissue.

第35題

Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?

A.Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.

B.Oldervolcaniceruptionsweremoredestructive.

C.Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.

D.ltisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption.

上一題下一題

(36~40/共15題)閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項(xiàng)。

請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問題，從4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1最佳答案。

TheRiseinOilPrices

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedto

supply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan

$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,

whenpricesquadrupled,and1979—1980,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocks

resultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlines

warningofgloomanddoomthistime?

TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.

Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,

couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.

Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicc6nsequencesnowtobelessseverethan

inthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareoftheprice

ofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,

soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthanin

thepast.

Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswings

intheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceof

heavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyand

mobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(in

constantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesin

itslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear;comparedwith

$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25—0.5%ofGDP.

Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,

oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshiftedhavebecomemore

energy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.

Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe

1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationand

globalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.

TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973

commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.

第36題

Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis.

A.globalinflation

B.reductioninsupply

C.fastgrowthineconomy

0.Iraq'ssuspensionofexports

第37題

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif.

A.priceofcruderises

B.commoditypricesrise

C.consumptionrises

D.oiltaxesrise

第38題

TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries.

A.heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive

B.incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices

C.manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed

D.oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP

第39題

Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat.

A.oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow

B.inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks

C.energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices

D.thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry

第40題

Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems.

A.optimistic

B.sensitive

C.gloomy

0.scared

上一題下一題

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SmartExercise

Doctorsarestartingtofindmoreandmoreinformationthatsuggestsaconnectionbetween

exerciseandbraindevelopment.JudyCameron,ascientistatOregonHealthandScience

University,studiesbraindevelopment.Accordingtoherresearch,itseemsthatexercisecanmake

bloodvessels,includingthoseinthebrain,strongerandmorefullydeveloped.Dr.Cameron

claimsthisallowspeoplewhoexercisetoconcentratebetter.Asshesays:"Whilewealready

knowthatexerciseisgoodfortheheart,exercisecanliterallycausephysicalchangesinthe

brain."

Theeffectsofexerciseonbraindevelopmentcanevenbeseeninbabies.Babieswhodo

activitiesthatrequirealotofmovementandphysicalactivityshowgreaterbraindevelopment

thanbabieswhoarelessphysicallyactive.Withbabies,evenalittlemovementcanshowbig

results.MargaretBarnes,apediatrician“L科醫(yī)Jl市），believesintheimportanceofexercise.She

thinksthatmanylearningdisabilitiesthatchildrenhaveinelementaryschoolorhighschoolcan

betracedbacktoalackofmovementasbabies."Babiesneedmovementthatstimulatestheir

fivesenses.Theyneedtoestablishaconnectionbetweenmotionandmemory.Inthisway,as

theygetolder;childrenwillbegintoassociatephysicalactivitywithhigherlearning,"says

Margaret.

Olderpeoplecanbeefuptheirbrainsaswell.CornellUniversitystudiedagroupofseniors

ranginginagefromseventytoseventy-nine.Theirstudyshowedashort-termmemoryincrease

ofupto40percentafterexercisingjustthreehoursaweek.Theexercisedoesnothavetobe

verydifficult,butitdoeshavetoincreasetheheartrate.Also,justlikethemotionforinfants,

exerciseforolderpeopleshouldinvolvesomecomplexity.Learningsomenewskillsormotions

helpstoopenupmemorypathsinthebrainthatmaynothavebeenusedforalongtime.

Formostpeople,anytypeofphysicalactivitythatincreasestheheartrateishelpful.Themain

goalistoincreasethebrain'sflowofblood.Andyourbraincanbenefitfromaslittleastwoto

threehoursofexerciseaweek.

第41題

ResearchbyDr.Cameronseemstosuggestthatexercisecan.

A.generatenewbloodvessels

B.changethewayapersonthinks

C.promotebraindevelopment

D.divertone'sattention

第42題

MargaretBarnesthinksthatalackofmovementininfancycan.

A.leadtolearningtroubleslater

B.causephysicaldisabilitieslater

C.stimulatethefivesenses

D.bringaboutchangesinthebrain

第43題

Theexpression"beefup"inparagraph3means.

A."control"

B."strengthen"

C."operate"

□."encourage"

第44題

Tobebeneficial,exerciseforolderpeopleshould.

A.bedoneinagroup

B.bedoneonadailybasis

C.involvegreatdifficulty

0.increasetheheartrate

第45題

Thetitleofthepassageimpliesthat.

A.onlysmartpeopledoexercise

B.exercisecanbesmartorstupid

C.exercisekeepsthebrainstrong

D.itisfashionabletodoexercise

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What'sLackingin"sicko"?

Whenitcomestoeconomicdecision,therearealwaystrade-offs（取舍）.Gainonethingand

youlosesomethingelse1.

ThecentralargumentofMichaelMoore'smovie"Sicko"-thatthecuretothenation'shealth

careproblemsisasingle-payersystem-ishardlynovelandiscertainlyworthconsideration,

whetherornotyouagreewithit.ButincomparingtheAmericansystemwithsingle-payerplans

ofothercountries-Britain,France,CanadaandCuba-Mr.Mooreleftoutthetradeoffs,

characterizingthosecountriesashealthcareparadises.2KurtLoder;thefilmcriticwhois

bestknownastheanchor（主持人）of"MTVNews/'wroteacritique（批評）ofthefilmforMTV's

website."Sicko,"hesaid,"doesarealservice"inportraying（描繪）victimsofAmericaninsurance

companies-likethepeoplewhodiedbecausetheironlytreatmentoptionswereconsidered

"experimentar*andthereforenotcovered3

When"governmentsattempttoregulatethebalancebetweenalimitedsupplyifhealthcare

andanunlimiteddemandforit,they'reinevitablyforcedtorationtreatment,"Mr.Loderasserted

4Mr.Lodercitedtheshortfilm"DeadMeat,"whichpresentsanecdotes（軼事）offailurein

theCanadiansingle-payersysteminitsone-sidedness,"DeadMeat"mighthavemadeforanice

doublefeaturewith"Sicko,"andleftmovie-goerswithamorecompleteunderstandingofthe

complicationsofdecidingonahealthcaresystem5

Thisallmakesanotherwise"emotionallycompellingfilmnotnecessarilyanintellectually

satisfyingone,"wroteDarrenBarefoot,aCanadianblogger（博客作者）.

A.Mr.Moorealsodecidedtoignoreproblemsinothercountries,likeFrance'shightaxesand

Britain'scash-shorthospitals.

B.Butthefilmasawhole,heconcluded,is"breathtakinglymeretricious（似是而非的）Jin

largepartbecauseofitscharacterizationsofothercountries'healthcaresystems.

C.Theproblemshavebeennoticed-andcriticismiscomingnotjustfromMr.Moore's

detractors（詆毀者）.

D.HetickedoffanumberofnegativestatisticstocounterthepositiveonesofferedbyMr.

Moore.

E.Healthcareistheprevention,treatment,andmanagementofillness.

F.Thisisparticularlytrueinhealthcare,amarketinwhichscarce（稀罕的）goodsare

ridiculouslyexpensive,butneededbyeverybody.

第46題

第47題

第48題

第49題

第50題

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"Liquefaction"KeytoMuchofJapaneseEarthquakeDamage

ThemassivesubductionzoneearthquakeinJapancausedasignificantlevelofsoil

"liquefaction"thathassurprisedresearcherswithits1severity,anewanalysisshows.

"We'veseenlocalizedexamplesofsoilliquefactionasextremeasthisbefore,butthedistance

and2ofdamageinJapanwereunusuallysevere,"saidScottAshord,aprofessorof

geotechnicalengineeringatOregonStateUniversity."Entirestructuresweretiltedandsinking

intothesediments,"Ashfordsaid."Theshiftsinsoildestroyedwater,drainandgaspipelines,

cripplingtheutilitiesandinfrastructurethesecommunitiesneedto3.Wesawsomeplaces

thatsankasmuchasfourfeet."

Somedegreeofsoilliquefactioniscommoninalmostanymajorearthquake.It'sa

phenomenoninwhichsoilssoakedwithwater;particularlyrecentsedimentsorsand,canlose

muchoftheir4andflowduringanearthquake.Thiscanallowstructurestoshiftorsinkor

5.

Butmostearthquakesaremuch6thantherecenteventinJapan,Ashfordsaid.The

lengthoftheJapaneseearthquake,asmuchasfiveminutes,mayforceresearcherstoreconsider

theextentofliquefactiondamagepossiblyoccurringinsituationssuchasthis.

"Withsuchalong-lastingearthquake,wesaw7structuresthatmighthavebeenokay

after30secondsjustcontinuedtosinkandtiltastheshakingcontinuedforseveralmore

minutes,"hesaid."Anditwasclearthatyoungersediments,andespeciallyareasbuilton8

filledground,aremuchmorevulnerable."

ThedataprovidedbyanalyzingtheJapaneseearthquake,researcherssaid,shouldmakeit

possibletoimprovetheunderstandingofthissoil9andbetterprepareforitinthefuture.

Ashfordsaiditwascriticalfortheteamtocollecttheinformationquickly,10damagewas

removedintherecoveryefforts.

"There'snodoubtthatwe'lllearnthingsfromwhathappenedinJapanthatwillhelpusto

reducerisksinothersimilar11Ashfordsaid."Futureconstructioninsomeplacesmay

makemoreuseoftechniquesknowntoreduceliquefaction,suchasbettercompactiontomake

soilsdense,oruseofreinforcingstonecolumns."

AshfordpointedoutthatnorthernCaliforniahasyoungersoilsvulnerabletoliquefaction-on

thecoast,nearriverdepositsorinareaswithfilledground.The"young"sediments,ingeologic

terms,maybethose12withinthepast10,000yearsormore.InOregon,forinstance,that

describesmuchofdowntownPortland,thePortlandInternationalAirportandothercities.

Anything13ariverandoldfloodplainsisasuspect,andtheOregonDepartmentof

Transportationhasalreadyconcludedthat1,100bridgesinthestateareatriskfroman

earthquake.Fewerthan15percentofthemhavebeenreinforcedto14collapse.Japanhas

sufferedtremendouslossesintheMarch11earthquake,butJapaneseconstruction15

helpedpreventmanybuildingsfromcollapse-evenastheytiltedandsankintotheground.

第51題

A.internal

B.different

C.difficult

□.widespread

第52題

A.volume

B.length

C.extent

D.width

第53題

A.function

B.repair

C.build

D.remove

第54題

A.durability

B.strength

C.ability

0.property

第55題

A.ascend

B.compact

C.collapse

□.recover

第56題

A.shorter

B.longer

C.simpler

D.stranger

第57題

A.when

B.what

C.how

D.which

第58題

A.occasionally

B.frequently

especially

□.recently

第59題

A.development

B.phenomenon

C.formation

0.composition

第60題

A.unless

B.until

C.after

□.before

第61題

A.findings

B.locations

C.events

0.sources

第62題

A.delivered

B.deposited

C.destroyed

D.detached

第63題

A.near

B.from

C.inside

D.over

第64題

A.prevent

B.accelerate

C.predict

□.detect

第65題

A.styles

B.sites

C.costs

□.stand