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第頁(yè)If的用法if的條件從句分為真實(shí)條件從句和虛擬條件從句。真實(shí)條件從句:真實(shí)條件從句適用于主將從現(xiàn),是假設(shè)有可能發(fā)生的。位置在if
引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。若if
條件句放句首,從句后面要加逗號(hào),和主句隔開。Youwillcatchthebusifyougetupearly.=Ifyougetupearly,youwillcatchthebus.時(shí)態(tài)1.(主祈從現(xiàn))主句:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(包含祈使句和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,may,must等的句子)從句:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)2.(主將從現(xiàn))主句:一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)從句:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)3.從句:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),主句:一般將來(lái)時(shí)
If
you
are
looking
for
Peter
you’ll
find
him
upstairs.
如果你是在找彼得,上樓就會(huì)找到他。
4.if從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)
If
you
have
finished
dinner
I’ll
ask
the
waiter
for
the
bill.
如果你吃完了,我就叫服務(wù)生來(lái)算賬5.if
條件句談?wù)摰氖侵貜?fù)發(fā)生和預(yù)示要發(fā)生的情景和事件,則主從句大多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:If
bears
are
in
danger
,they
attack
people.
注意事項(xiàng)在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),不能使用begoingto結(jié)構(gòu),而要用will.在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,不能使用some,而要用any.同義句轉(zhuǎn)化借助于祈使句+and∕or+簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)化,and表示順承,or表示轉(zhuǎn)折。例如:(1)Ifyouworkhard,you’ll
passtheexam.Workhard,andyou’llpasstheexam.(2)Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.借助于介詞with或者without來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換例如:Ifyouhelpme,I’llfinishmyjobsoon.Withyourhelp,I’llfinishmyjobsoon.if
條件句不一般,幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)記心間條件句,放在前,逗號(hào)要放句中間。條件句表可能,主句多用將來(lái)時(shí);條件句表事實(shí),主句常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。虛擬條件從句:虛擬條件從句是假設(shè)不太可能發(fā)生的。
IF的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有三種:
內(nèi)容從句主句
及現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)would/could/should/might+動(dòng)原
及將來(lái)事實(shí)相反should/wereto+動(dòng)原would/could/should/might+動(dòng)原及過去事實(shí)相反had+過分would/could/should/might+have+過分
下面三句依次是上面三種情況的例句:
IfIwereyou,Iwould/could/should/mightdothat.
IfIhadknowthatyesterday,Iwould/could/should/mighthavetoldyou.
Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould/could/mightbesaved.
If引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一.if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),意思為:是否,從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常要和主句保持一致。【例句】Iwanttoknowifhelivesthere.我想知道他是否住在那兒。HeaskedmeifIcouldhelphim.他問我是否能幫他?!究疾辄c(diǎn)】if、whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1.if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),作“是否”講,常放在動(dòng)詞ask、see、say、know和findout等后面。一般情況下,兩者常可換用,在口語(yǔ)中多用if?!纠洹縉obodyknowswhether/ifitwillraintomorrow.沒有人知道明天是否下雨。Lucyaskedwhether/iftheyhadacottonsweater.露西問他們是否有棉制的毛衣。二.注意事項(xiàng):if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要注意三個(gè)方面,即連詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。1.if或whether既不能和that或其他連詞(副詞)同時(shí)使用,也不能省略?!纠洹课也恢浪裉焓欠駮?huì)來(lái)。[誤]Idon’tknowthatif(whether)hewillcomeheretoday.[正]Idon’tknowif(whether)hewillcomeheretoday.他走過來(lái)看看貓是否出了毛病。[誤]Hecametoseewhatif(whether)therewasanythingwrongwithhiscat.[正]Hecametoseeif(whether)therewasanythingwrongwithhiscat.2.if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),雖具有疑問的意義,但其從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序?!纠洹緿idyouknowthewaytothehospital?Theoldwomanaskedme.Theoldwomanaskedmeif/whetherIknewthewaytothehospital.老婦人問我是否知道去醫(yī)院的路。if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。即主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用任一種時(shí)態(tài);主句為一般過去時(shí),從句則用過去時(shí)中的任一種時(shí)態(tài)?!纠洹縄don’tknowif(whether)hehascomehere.我不知道他是否來(lái)過這兒。Tomaskedif(whether)Ihadreadthebook.湯姆問我是否看過這本書。三.If和whether兩者不能互換的情況1.只能用whether的情況在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether:【例句】Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。2.在whether…ornot的固定搭配中:【例句】Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道它是不是好消息。3.在介詞后,只能用whether:【例句】Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherheloseshiswork.他的父親擔(dān)心他是否會(huì)失去工作。4.用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí):【例句】Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?這句話有兩種意思:“你能告訴我你是否知道答案嗎?”或“如果你知道答案,請(qǐng)告訴我,好嗎?”。如用whether則可避免歧義。【考題鏈接】Idon’tknow_________theycouldpasstheexamornot.A.whyB.ifC.thatD.whether答案:D解題思路:本題考查if及whether的區(qū)別,在whether…ornot的固定搭配中通常只用whether。練習(xí)題:句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.(改為賓語(yǔ)從句)Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.2.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon’tknow.(改為賓語(yǔ)從句)Idon’tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.3.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tom’smotheraskedhim.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Tom’smotheraskedhim_____________________totrysomethingnew.答案:1.if/whether,wanted2.if/whether,was3.if/whetherhewanted一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.If
you
________(feel)
tired,
you
_______________
(have)
to
have
a
rest.
3.
If
there
__________(be)
fewer
trees,
there
_______________(
be)
more
pollution.
5.
If
Marcia
_____________(live)
alone,
she
___________________(
keep)
a
pet
parrot.
6.
Lana
________________(
buy)
a
new
dress
if
the
old
one
____________(be)
out
of
style.
9.
Peter
_____________(
send)
me
a
beautiful
souvenir
if
he
________________(tour)
Spain.
10.
If
Mr
Green
___________(say)
I
am
hard-
working,
my
parents
_________(
feel)
glad.
11.I
____________(go)
to
the
beach
if
it________________
(
not
rain)
this
week.
13.He
____(write)
a
letter
to
his
grandparents
if
he
____(get)
his
report
card
this
week.
14.
If
she
____________(get)
up
late,
she
_____________
(
not
catch)
the
early
bus.
15.
Peter
________(major)
in
English
if
he
____(pass)
the
exams
in
Peking
University.
16.
如果努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)取得好成績(jī)。
If
you__________
_________,
you
___________
good
_____________.
17.
他如果看電視太久了,他的父母會(huì)不高興。
If
he
_________
TV
too
much,
his
parents
__________
__________
unhappy.
18.
如果我們?yōu)樗M織生日聚會(huì),大家都會(huì)來(lái)的。
Everyone
________________
if
we
_____________
a
birthday
party
__________
him.
19.
如果明天不下雨,我會(huì)和你一起去公園的。
If
it
__________
__________
tomorrow,
I
______________
go
to
the
park
_________
you.
21.
如果他有空,他會(huì)幫助你的。If
he
_________________,
he
_________________
you.
23.
你如果抄同學(xué)的作業(yè)就不能學(xué)好各門功課。
You
_______
_____
good
at
all
the
subjects
if
you
______
the
other
students’
homework.
Ⅰ單項(xiàng)選擇(1.If
you
_____
to
the
party,
you’ll
have
a
great
time.
A.
will
go
B.
went
C.
go
D.
going
2.
It
will
be
a
long
time
____
Peter
_____
his
work.
A.
since,
has
finished
B.
after,
finishes
C.
when,
will
finish
D.
before,
finishes.
3.
What
will
father
_____
us
from
Japan?
A.
take
B.
bring
C.
carry
D.
make
4.
Weifang
is
famous
______
kites.A.
for
B.
to
C.
on
D.
with
5.I
____
her
the
answer
if
she
____me.
A.
can
tell,
will
ask
B.
will
tell,
will
ask
C.
would
tell,
ask
D.
will
tell,
asks
6.
–
What
are
you
going
to
do
tomorrow?
--We’ll
go
to
the
library
tomorrow
if
it
___.
A.
isn’t
rainB.
rain
C.
won’t
rainD.
doesn’t
rain7.—Do
you
know
when
he
will
come
back
tomorrow?
--Sorry,
I
don’t
know.
When
he
____
back,
I’ll
tell
you.
A.
comes
B.
will
come
C.
come
D.
may
come
8.
What
will
you
do
if
you
_____
to
the
old
folk’s
home
visit?
A.
go
B.
went
C.going
D.
will
go
9.
If
I
eat
____
food,
I’ll
be
very
fat.
A.
too
many
B.
many
too
C.
too
much
D.
much
too
10.
I’ll
give
the
book
to
him
if
he
___
here
next
Sunday.
A.
w
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