考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷4（共200題）

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷4（共9套）（共200題）考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthepossibilitiestheirexplodingpopulationoffers.Arizona'sfast-growingLatinopopulationoffersthestatetremendouspromiseandachallenge.Evenmorethantheagingofthebabyboomers,theLatinoboomisfundamentallyreorientingthestate'seconomicandsocialstructure.Immigrationandnaturalincreasehaveadded600,000youngLatinoresidentstothestate'spopulationinthepastdecade.Halfofthepopulationyoungerthan18inbothPhoenixandTucsonisnowLatino.Within20years,Latinoswillmakeuphalfofthehomegrownentry-levellaborpoolinthestate'stwolargestlabormarkets.Whatismore,Hispanicsarebecomingkeyeconomicplayers.Mostpeopledon'tnoticeit,butLatinosbominArizonamakeupmuchoftheirimmigrantparents'economicandeducationaldeficits.Forexample,second-generationMexican-Americanssecureanaverageof12gradesofschoolingwheretheirparentsobtainedlessthannine.Thatmeanstheyerase70percentoftheirparents'lagbehindthird-generationnon-HispanicWhitesinasinglegeneration.Allofthishandsthestateagoldenopportunity.Atatimewhenmanystateswillstrugglewithlaborshortagesbecauseofmodestpopulationgrowth,Arizonahasapricelesschancetobuildapopulous,hardworkingandskilledworkforceonwhichtobasefutureprosperity.TheproblemisthatArizonaanditsLatinoresidentsmaynotbeabletoseizethisopportunity.FartoomanyofArizona'sLatinosdropoutofhighschoolorfailtoobtainthebasiceducationneededformoreadvancedstudy.Asaresult,educationaldeficitsareholdingbackmanyLatinos—andthestateaswell.Tobesure,constructionandlow-endservicejobscontinuetoabsorbtensofthousandsofLatinoimmigrantswithlittleformaleducation.Butoverthelongterm,mostofArizona'sLatinocitizensremainill-preparedtoprosperinanincreasinglydemandingknowledgeeconomy.Forthereason,theeducationalupliftofArizona'shugeLatinopopulationmustmovetothecenterofthestate'sagenda.Afterall,theeducationdeficitsofArizona'sLatinopopulationwillseverelycrampthefortunesofhardworkingpeopleiftheygounaddressedandcouldwellundercutthestate'sabilitytocompeteintheneweconomy.Attheentrylevel,slowergrowthratesmaycreatemorecompetitionforlow-skilljobs,displacingLatinosfromasignificantmeansofsupport.Atthehigherend,shortagesofLatinoseducationallyreadytomoveupwillmakeitthatmuchharderforknowledge-basedcompaniestostaffhigh-skillpositions.1、TheLatinopopulationischangingArizona’s_____.A、agingproblemB、educationalsystemC、economicstructureD、financialdeficits標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段最后一句中的reorienting與題干中的changing為近義詞，而該句表明拉丁裔人口在兩方面改變著亞利桑那州，C項(xiàng)就是其中的一個(gè)方面。2、WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A、TheLatinopopulationinArizonaismadeupofHispanicsandMexican-Americans.B、Thefirst-generationLatinosareimmigrantsinsteadofbeingborninAmerica.C、70percentofthefirst-generationLatinoshadlessschoolingthannineyears.D、Theeducationalsystemusedtobeinfavorofthenon-HispanicWhites.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第三段第三句表明第二代墨西哥裔美國(guó)人比他們的父母獲得更好的教育，而這一句是為了舉例說(shuō)明第二句提到的在Arizona出生的拉丁裔和他們的移民父母之間的區(qū)別，由此可見(jiàn)，第二句提到的immigrantparents就是第一代的拉丁裔美國(guó)人，immigrant一詞表明他們并非在美國(guó)出生，因此B項(xiàng)為正確的推斷。3、"educationaldeficits"(Para.4)mostprobablymeansthat_____.A、thestatedidnotputmuchmoneyintoeducationB、manyLatinosaretoopoortoobtaineducationC、educationisnotaprofitableenterpriseD、manyLatinosarenotwell-educated標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。第四段第五句開頭的Asaresult表明本句與上一句形成因果關(guān)系，由此可見(jiàn)，本句中的educationaldeficits與上一句提到的拉丁裔美國(guó)人受教育程度較低有關(guān)，由此可推斷，educationaldeficits指的應(yīng)該是受教育不足。因此，D項(xiàng)為正確的理解。4、Accordingtotheauthor,Arizonashouldgivehighestpriorityto_____.A、controllingtheLatinopopulationB、enhancingtheeducationalleveloftheLatinopopulationC、improvingtheknowledge-basedeconomyD、buildingtheLatinopopulationintohardworkingandskilledworkforce標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第五段第一句中的movetothecenter與題干中的givehiglrestpriority為同義表達(dá)，B項(xiàng)與原文該句的主語(yǔ)educationaluplift意思也一致，因此B項(xiàng)為本題答案。5、Itisimpliedthat,inthelongrun,mostLatinosinArizonawill_____.A、bejoblessB、bebadly-paidC、dolow-skilljobsD、dohigh-skilljobs標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第四段最后一句中的ill—prepared和第五段最后一句中的shortagesofLatinoseducationallyready都表明從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，拉丁裔美國(guó)人受的教育仍然保持較低的水平，由此可推斷，他們只能做一些技術(shù)要求不高的工作，所以C項(xiàng)為本題答案。Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinuetooccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixinglegalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon.Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeenmetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry'sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind'sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbetimeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.Wearebeingasked,and,infact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.6、Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause_____.A、theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoingB、theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterestsC、timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonitD、itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段和第二段：個(gè)人和企業(yè)拒絕和長(zhǎng)期拖延在防治污染方面承擔(dān)責(zé)任或采取行動(dòng)。似乎只有政府下決心提供稅收優(yōu)惠政策或犧牲生產(chǎn)，情況才會(huì)開始有所改變。由此可得出企業(yè)忽視環(huán)境保護(hù)主要是考慮其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。因此，只有B項(xiàng)與文中所表達(dá)的意思相符。7、Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationistsis_____.A、topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasionB、toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionC、totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollutionD、toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandards標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段：生態(tài)學(xué)者、環(huán)境保護(hù)積極分子和自然資源保護(hù)論者應(yīng)積極與人們交流思想，激起人們思考環(huán)境問(wèn)題，并促進(jìn)人們的行為發(fā)生變化。B項(xiàng)與文中所提及的內(nèi)容一致，故而正確。8、Theword"tunnel-visioned"(Para.4)mostprobablymeans"_____".A、narrow-mindedB、blindtothefactsC、short-sightedD、abletoseeonlyoneaspect標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞義理解題。從字面上看，tunnel的意思是“隧道”，vision的意思是“洞察力，視力”，它們構(gòu)成一個(gè)合成詞。再結(jié)合文章第四段：在方法上，我們?cè)僖膊荒躷unnel-visioiled，我們必須從各個(gè)方面對(duì)待問(wèn)題，并做出客觀的決定。根據(jù)這段話，可推斷tunnel-visioned是“從各個(gè)方面看問(wèn)題的”反義詞，再結(jié)合字面意思，可猜測(cè)該詞的意思是“片面地看問(wèn)題的”。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。9、Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?A、Legislationandgovernmentintervention.B、Theindustry’sunderstandingandsupport.C、Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals.D、Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句：環(huán)保專業(yè)人員走在前頭，在解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題中起領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用的時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)到來(lái)。第三段最后一句又指出：我們這些拿薪水為環(huán)保工作的發(fā)展、提高出謀劃策并執(zhí)行環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人必須承擔(dān)起領(lǐng)頭的責(zé)任。因此，C項(xiàng)與文中所提及的內(nèi)容一致，故而正確。10、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?A、Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasures.B、Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution.C、Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution.D、Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句：如果這10年我們能實(shí)現(xiàn)這三個(gè)目標(biāo)，也許最終我們能阻止而不是暫時(shí)抑制環(huán)境的惡化。那么我們也就不用采取補(bǔ)救措施，而且能將治理污染的費(fèi)用真正用于保護(hù)環(huán)境。bandage原義為“繃帶”，這里取比喻義，意為“治療，補(bǔ)救”。因此，A項(xiàng)與文中所表達(dá)的意思一致，因而正確。Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOECD.InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspapersareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelypruned.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.JustlookatthefateofOtisChandler'screation.Thankstofamilyconnections,ChandlerendedupincontroloftheLosAngelesTimesin1960.Thepaperheinheritedwasparochialandconservative,reflectingthecityitserved.Chandlerabandonedtheanti-uniondogmaandsetaboutbuildingawest-coastrivaltotheNewYorkTimes.Hispaperwasheavyonforeignnewsandserious,objectivereporting.Theresultwashugelyimpressive—butnot,asitturnedout,suitedtotheinternetera.Inthepastfewyearsthepaperhassufferedrepeatedstaffcuts.In2007itwasacquiredbyapropertymagnateandin2008filedforbankruptcyprotection.Theproblemwithsuchnewspapersisthat,althoughtheydomuchthatisexcellent,theydolittlethatisdistinctiveenoughforpeopletopayforit.TheLosAngelesTimes'foreignreportingisextremelygood.ButitishardtoarguethatitisbetterthanthestuffsuppliedbytheNewYorkTimesorforeignpapers.Similarly,ithasneverbeenclearwhyeachmajornewspaperneedsitsowncarreviewer:aCorollaisaCorolla,whetheritisdriveninAlbuquerqueorAtlanta,Papersshouldconcentrateonwhattheydobest,whichmeans,inmanycases,localnewsandsport.Iftherestisboughtinfromwireservicesornationalorganizations,readersareunlikelytocomplain—aslongasthereisenoughcompetitionbetweenthoselargerproviderstokeepupstandards.Specializationgenerallymeanshigherquality.Itisgrimtoforecaststillmorewriterslosingtheirjobs.Butwhethernewspapersarethrownontodoorstepsordistributeddigitally,theyneedtodeliversomethingthatisdistinctive.NewtechnologieslikeApple'siPadonlymakethismoretrue.Themereacquisitionofasmoothblockofmetalandglassdoesnotmagicallypersuadepeoplethattheyshouldstartpayingfornews.Theywillpayfornewsiftheythinkithasvalue.Newspapersneedtofocusrelentlesslyonthat.11、FromParagraph1welearnthatAmericannewspapers_____.A、arebalancedbusinessesnowB、aremorestablethanJapaneseonesC、getmostrevenuesfromreadersD、havebeenheavilyrelyingonads標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段提到美國(guó)報(bào)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，指出其正在成為morebalancedbusinesses，但是還是嚴(yán)重依賴廣告收入，不如日本報(bào)業(yè)穩(wěn)定，所以正確答案應(yīng)為D項(xiàng)。12、NewspapersinAmericaarebecominglesscompleteinthat_____.A、newspaperindustryisindepressionB、newsroomshavesufferedawhirlwindC、manycolumnsandforeignagenciesarecutD、OtisChandler’screationhasfailed標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)complete定位到第二段，該段講到報(bào)業(yè)面臨危機(jī)，對(duì)于許多沒(méi)有特色的欄目，從業(yè)者紛紛被炒，國(guó)外辦事處也遭到大肆削減，因而導(dǎo)致報(bào)業(yè)不再那么完整。所以正確答案為C項(xiàng)。13、TheLosAngelesTimesmanagedbyChandler_____.A、isnarrowandconservativeB、nowisarivaltotheNewYorkTimesC、oncewasverysuccessfulD、isseriousandsubjective標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)LosAngelesTimes定位到第三段。從Theresultwashugelyimpressive…可知，經(jīng)過(guò)改革，該報(bào)紙?jiān)@得成功；butnot…suitedtotheinternetera是說(shuō)《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》不能適應(yīng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，由此也可倒推出，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代來(lái)臨前，它是成功的。所以C項(xiàng)正確。14、Accordingtotheauthor,theLosAngelesTimes’failureisduetoits_____.A、focusonforeignreportB、lackofuniquefeaturesC、ignoranceofwireserviceD、ignoranceofcomplaints標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：因果細(xì)節(jié)題。作者在第四段中分析了LosAngelesTimes這類報(bào)紙失敗的原因是theydolittlethatisdistinctive，即缺乏特色，所以正確選項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)。15、Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreethat_____.A、newspaperindustrywilldisappearsoonB、newspapersshouldstrivetoattractpeopleC、nomorewriterswouldlosetheirjobsinfutureD、technologyhelpsnewspaperattractmorereaders標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。文章最后兩句作者說(shuō)，人們只有在覺(jué)得新聞?dòng)袃r(jià)值時(shí)才會(huì)付錢購(gòu)買，報(bào)紙應(yīng)該注重這一點(diǎn)。換句話說(shuō)，報(bào)紙應(yīng)該專注于為讀者提供人們?cè)敢飧跺X購(gòu)買的新聞，也就是，報(bào)業(yè)需要想辦法吸引人。所以B項(xiàng)正確。PublichealthofficialsgrapplingwiththeobesityepidemichavedebatedawiderangeofapproachestohelpingslimtheAmericanwaistline.Tosomedegree,everythingfrombuildingmoresidewalkstobanningchocolatemilkhasbeenexplored.Yetfewtacticshavebeenaspolarizingasthepossibilityofintroducingtariffsontreats.Despiteendorsementfromseveralrespectedobesityre-searchersandpoliticians,sodataxes,forexample,havebeensubjecttoseverescrutiny,ascriticsprotestedthatimplementingataxbeforeverifyingthatitwouldachievetheendresultwasshortsightedandpotentiallyoverreaching.So,inattempttodeterminejusthowsintaxesmightimpactpeople'sfoodchoices,psychologistsfromtheUniversityofBuffalodecidedtoputjunkfoodleviestothetest—inthelab.Researchersrecruitedshopperstoexaminetheaislesofamocksupermarketfilledwith68commonfoodslabeledwithnutritionalinformation.Participantsweregivenapredeterminedamountofcash,andweretoldtousethatmoneytopurchaseaweek'sworthofgroceriesforafamily.Thefirsttime,alloftheproductsontheshelveswerepricedinkeepingwithlocalsupermarkets.Insubsequenttrips,however,junkfoodwastaxed—anadditional12.5%,then25%—orhealthierfoodsweresubsidizedtoreducecost.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,revealedthattaxesweremoreeffectiveatgettingpeopletoavoidcertainproductsthansubsidieswereatpromptinghealthierfoodpurchases.Inscenarioswherejunkfoodsweretaxed,studyparticipantsgenerallycameawaywithalowercalorictotalfortheirgroceries,andahigherratioofproteintofatsandcarbohydrates.Yet,insituationswherehealthyfoodsweresubsidized,thesavingswereoftenspentonadditionaljunkfood.Thatis,insteadofstockinguponmorefruitsandvegetablesbecausetheywerecheaper,thestudy'sshoppersboughttheirvegetables,andthenusedtheleftovercashtobringhomeextratreatslikechipsandsoda.Intheend,thesubsidies—onlyscenariosresultedinhighertotalcaloriecounts,anddidn'tresultinoverallnutritionalimprovementontheweek'sgroceries.Becausethescenarioishypothetical,thefindingscertainlyshouldn'tbetakenasthefinalwordinthesintaxdebate,theresearchersstress,butshouldinsteadbeusedtoinformtheongoingdiscussionaboutpracticalwaystobattleobesity.Tothatend,theysay,thenextstepshouldberesearchtodeterminewhethertheseresultswouldbereplicatedintherealworld.16、Itissuggestedinthefirstparagraphthatobesityhas_____.A、arousedextensiveconcernB、affectedinfrastructurenationwideC、beenanalyzedfrompoliticalaspectD、ledtomanypolarizingopinions標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段首句講到許多官員對(duì)如何使美國(guó)人瘦下來(lái)進(jìn)行了討論，可知肥胖問(wèn)題引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。17、PsychologistsfromtheUniversityofBuffalodecidedtoexperimentonjunkfoodtaxinorderto_____.A、testwhetheritwouldinterferewithfoodoptionB、findthebestwaytocurbtheobesityepidemicC、determinehowpolarizingthesolutionwasD、examinevariouspossibilitiesoffoodchoices標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段最后一句話。由該句inattemptto后的內(nèi)容可知，研究的目的是為了確定對(duì)垃圾食品征稅對(duì)人們選擇食品有多大影響，故A項(xiàng)正確。18、Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheexperiment?A、Participantswereaskedtochoosefrom68nutritionalitems.B、Participantswererecruitedtobuythingsfromalocalsupermarket.C、Junkfoodsweretaxed;meanwhilehealthieronesweresubsidized.D、Thereweredifferentscenariosforsubjectstoparticipatein.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段。根據(jù)文章可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)先讓模擬超市價(jià)格與實(shí)際情況相同，然后在后續(xù)的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)中(insubsequenttrips)對(duì)有些貨品征稅或?qū)嵭醒a(bǔ)貼，由此可知實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置了不同的情境，D項(xiàng)符合題意。19、ThestudypublishedinPsychologicalScienceshowedthat_____.A、subsidieswouldpromotehealthierfoodpurchasesB、comparedwithsubsidies,taxesseemedtooperatemoreeffectivelyC、bothtaxesandsubsidieswouldgreatlyaffectpeople’sfoodchoiceD、taxeswillhelpshopperstostockuponmorefruitsandvegetables標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段。由文章可知，征稅比補(bǔ)貼對(duì)人們健康飲食更有效，故B項(xiàng)正確。20、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheresearchersmostlikelyagree?A、Resultsoftheexperimentplayedavitalroleinthesintaxdebate.B、Moresubjectsshouldbeincludedinsimilarresearches.C、Thoughhypothetical,theresearchwasstillmeaningful.D、Therealsituationwillprovidebetterwaystotackleobesity.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段。由文章可知，雖然此研究是假設(shè)的，但研究人員認(rèn)為需要讓人們知道這一結(jié)果。說(shuō)明這一研究發(fā)現(xiàn)還是有意義的，故C項(xiàng)正確。JonathanSwiftmadeafamousModestProposalin1729thatthebabiesoftheIrishpoorshouldbeeatentopreventthemgrowinguptoapoverty-strickenlifeofcrime.Itwas,ofcourse,ironic.Butnearly300yearslaterIwouldliketomakeamodestproposalaboutbabiesthatisalmostasastonishing,yetnotatallironic.I'vecomereluctantlytothink,thatperhapssomebabies,inthepublicinterestandtopreventthemgrowinguptoalifeofviolence,shouldbeforciblytakenfromtheirmothersandadopted.FreedomandcompassionaretwoofthethingsIbelieveinmostpassionatelyandthisproposalisentirelyatoddswithboth,orsoitseems.Theimageoflittlechildrenbeingwrenchedfromthearmsoftheirdeeplyupsetmothersisoneoftheworstonecanimagine.However,theparentsofsomeofthecriminallyviolentyoungpeopleoftodayarenotworthyofthenameofmotherorfather.Someofthosebabies,giventheextremedisadvantagesoftheirupbringing,willgrowuptotorment,hurtandkill.Alltoooftenwhenashockingmurderisreported,itemergesthatthekillershadabackgrounddesignedtoproducesuchsemi-psychoticviolence.Wecoulddemandtoknowwherethecriminaljusticesystemwasinallthisorwhytherearenotpoliceonthestreets.Butwedon'toftendemandanexplanationfromtheparents.Childrenfromorderlyhomesdonottendtogoaboutthestreetslookingforafight.Itisthechildrenoftheuseless—thereisnobetterwordforit,I'msonytosay—whogosotragicallywrong.Iamnottalkingaboutparentsorchildrenwhosufferfrommentalillness;theycan'tbeheldresponsible.I'mtalkingaboutparentswhoareprettymuchintheirrightminds,whennothighondrinkanddrugs,andwhochoosetoneglecttheirchildren,andwho,neglectingorabusingthosetheyhavealready,goontohavemore.Imeannever-marriedparents,withnostandards,whohaveastringofpartnerscomingandgoing,whohavebabiesbydifferentlovers,whoarecarelessifthoseitinerants(partners)abusetheirownchildren,whoarerunningwelfarescamsorlivingbycrime.Whathopeistherefortheirchildren?Nowthere'sachallengetopoliticians:stoptalkingaboutthecycleofdeprivationandbreakitbytakingawaythebabiesandgivingthemtolovingadoptiveparents.Amodestproposal,andadifficultone,buttheonlyrealisticone.21、Theauthorbelieveshisproposalis_____.A、modestbutcriticalB、shockingbutpracticalC、modestandforcefulD、practicalandironic標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通常在首、尾段能找到作者表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，從首段原文almostasastonishing和末段的theonlyrealisticone確定B項(xiàng)與之相符。22、Thebabiesofunworthyparentswill_____.A、notdeservetobeamotherorfatherB、probablygrowtobecriminalsC、haveallthedisadvantagesintheirlivesD、hurtandkillthemselveslater標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)unworthyparents定位在第二段，其中講到有些嬰兒長(zhǎng)大后便會(huì)去折磨、傷害甚至殺害他人，故B項(xiàng)正確。23、Accordingtotheauthor,thereasonforsomeshockingmurdersmayoftenbe_____.A、theimperfectcriminaljusticesystemB、theinefficiencyofpolicemenC、thepsychologicalproblemsofcriminalsD、theirresponsiblefamilyeducation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾橐蚬?xì)節(jié)，根據(jù)ashockingmurder定位到第三段，本段提出家庭環(huán)境，尤其是父母對(duì)孩子的成長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要，最后一句指出犯下錯(cuò)誤的正是那些不負(fù)責(zé)任的家庭的孩子，故D項(xiàng)正確。24、ThelastsentenceinParagraph4impliesthat_____.A、thecarelessparentsneglectthefutureoftheirchildrenB、theparentsofrightmindsgivenohopetotheirchildrenC、thechildrenofnever-marriedparentshavenothingtohopeD、thechildrenofnever-marriedparentsarehopelesscriminals標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。該段講述不負(fù)責(zé)任的家長(zhǎng)為孩子埋下了禍根，故A項(xiàng)與之相符。25、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A、AModestProposal—TragedyNoMoreB、AWaytoCutCrime—ForcibleAdoptionC、ADecisiveForceforCrime—Parents’BackgroundD、AChallengetoPoliticians—DeprivationCycle標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題?？疾槲恼聵?biāo)題，第一段最后一句表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為強(qiáng)制性收養(yǎng)孩子可防止他們長(zhǎng)大后暴力犯罪，中間三段說(shuō)明理由，最后一段作者又重申觀點(diǎn)，由此可以推斷B項(xiàng)為作者建議的主要內(nèi)容?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)JohnStuartMillarguedinthe19thcenturythatanindividualshouldbefreetodoashepleased,solongashedidnotharmanyoneelse.Thebanonsmokinginpubs,barsandcompanycars—ineffect,inallenclosedpublicspaces—thatcameintoeffectinEnglandin2007wasinformedbysuchthinking.Broughtintoprotectthehealthofnon-smokerswhoworkedinorfrequentedsuchplaces,itseemstohaveworked.ResearchpublishedonJune9ththisyearshowsthat,sincetheban,fewerpeoplehavebeenadmittedtohospitalwithsymptomsofaheartattack.Second-handsmokefromaburningcigaretteisfarmorenoxiousthanthenicotine-infusedfumesinhaledbythesmoker.Intheminutesafteraneighborhaslitacigarette,apassivesmoker'schancesofsufferinganimmediateheartattackriserapidlyastoxinsinthefugmakehisbloodstickier.Hislong-termriskalsorises,asnarrowingarteriesthreatenhimwithheartdiseaseandhischancesofdevelopinglungcancerandnumerousothernastiesalsoincrease.AnnaGilmoreoftheUniversityofBathandhercolleagueslookedathowmanypeoplewereadmittedtohospitalwithaheartattackinEnglandbetween2002and2008.About110,000peoplearestruckdowneachyear;almostafifthofthemdiebeforetheyreachhospital,andafurthertenthwithinamonthofgoingintoone.MsGilmoreandherteamfoundthat,inthe12monthsafterthesmokingbancameintoforce,some1,200fewerpeoplewereadmittedtohospitalwithheartattacksthaneventheprevailingdownwardtrendhadsuggestedwaslikely.Thatdropof2.4%saved￡8.4minemergencyhospitalcare.Whenthebantookeffect,Englandwasthelargestjurisdictiontoforbidsmokinginenclosedpublicspaces.StudyingalargepopulationtendstogiveamoreaccurateresultthanstudiesofsmallerplacessuchasScotland,partsofItalyandNewYorkstate,wheremoreimpressivereductionshavebeenclaimed.WhenthetownofHelena,inMontana,bannedsmokingforsixmonths,forexample,hospitaladmissionsforheartattacksalmosthalvedfromseventolessthanfouramonth.MsGilmorereckonsherfigure,whichcoversfarmorepeople,ismorerobust.Becauseheartdiseaseisthemostcommoncauseofdeathinwealthycountries,evenarelativelysmallreductioninheartattacksisgoodnewsforagreatmanypeople.InBritain,thefreedomtosmokeremains,butnotattheexpenseofothers.1、WhichofthefollowingbehaviorswouldJohnStuartMillmostprobablyapprove?A、Indulgingincandyandice-cream.B、Snoringduringaconference.C、Keepingastraychildtoone’sown.D、Enjoyingoneselfdrunkdriving.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)人名JohnStuartMill定位到第一段第一句。由該句可知，穆勒認(rèn)為“在不傷害別人的前提下，人應(yīng)該可以隨心所欲”，故A項(xiàng)正確。2、AccordingtoParagraph1,thebanonsmokinginEnglandA、isapplicabletoallpublicplaces.B、wasproposedbyJohnStuartMill.C、aimstoprotectthesmokers’health.D、hasachievedsomegoodresults.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段。由該段最后兩句可知，實(shí)踐證明此法令有效(seemstohaveworked)，因心臟病人院的人數(shù)有所減少，故D項(xiàng)正確。3、Second-handsmokefromaburningcigaretteA、consistsofnicotine-infusedfumes.B、won’tbeinhaledbypassivesmokers.C、increasesitsinhaler’sdiseaserisk.D、producestoxinsintheinhaler’sblood.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干Second-handsmokefromaburningcigarette定位到第二段。由該段第二、三句可知，吸入二手煙的人更易得心臟病，長(zhǎng)期發(fā)病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)增加，故C項(xiàng)正確。4、It’sindicatedinParagraph3thatthesmokingbanA、wasbroughtintoforcein2008.B、reduces1200heartattacksperyear.C、dropsheartattacksby2.4%in2008.D、fulfillsitspurposebeyondexpectation.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干直接定位到第三段。根據(jù)吉莫爾的統(tǒng)計(jì)，在禁煙令生效后的12個(gè)月內(nèi)，因心臟病突發(fā)人院的人數(shù)比預(yù)期的減少了約1200人，由此推斷法令的效果不錯(cuò)，超出了他們的預(yù)料，故D項(xiàng)正確。5、AnnaGilmoreregardtheirresearchasmoreconvincinginthatitA、isauthorizedbythelargestjurisdiction.B、hasabroadercoverageofstudysubjects.C、isbelievedbymanytobemoreaccurate.D、isconductedinmorespecificplaces.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段。由該段第2句可知，基于較多人口的研究能得出更加準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果；該段末句進(jìn)一步指出，吉莫爾認(rèn)為她們的研究覆蓋更大的區(qū)域、更多的人口，因此更具說(shuō)服力，故選B項(xiàng)。Isathleteprowessattainedorinnate?Thosewhohavesufferedthescoldingofatyrannicalgamesmasteratschoolmightbeforgivenfordoubtingtheideathatanyoneandeveryoneiscapableofgreatsportingachievement,ifonlytheywouldputenougheffortintoit.Practicemaymakeperfect,butnotallarebuiltinwaysthatmakeitworthbotheringinthefirstplace.ThelatestevidenceofthistruthhasbeengatheredbySabrinaLeeofSimonFraserUniversityinVancouverandStephenPiazzaatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.Theyhavelookedattheanatomyofsprintersandfoundthattheirfeetarebuiltdifferentlyfromthoseofcouchpotatoes.Theylookedatsevenuniversitysplinterswhospecializeinthe100-metredashandfive200-metrespecialists,andcomparedthemwith12non-athleticuniversitystudentsofthesameheight.Inparticular,theylookedatthesizesofbonesofthetoesandheel.TheyalsousedultrasonicscanningtomeasuretheslidingmotionoftheAchillestendons(thetendoninsidethebackofyourlegjustaboveyourheel)oftheirvolunteersastheirfeetmovedupanddown.Thisallowedthemtostudythelengthofthelevercreatedbytheten