考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷34（共185題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷34（共9套）（共185題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Intheory,agovernmentbailoutshouldprovideashort-term"infusionofcashtogiveastrugglingcompanythechancetorightitself.ButinitsaggressivedealingswithU.S.automakers,mostrecentlyGeneralMotors,theObamaadministrationiscomingdangerouslyclosetoengaginginfinancialengineeringthatignoresbasicprinciplesoffairnessandeconomicrealitiestoachievepoliticalgoals.ItisnowclearthatthereisnorealdifferencebetweenthegovernmentandGM.Forallintentsandpurposes,thegovernment,whichissettoassumea50percentequitystakeinthecompany,isGM,andithasbeencallingtheshotsinnegotiationswithcreditors.WhiletheObamaadministrationhasbeenplayinghardballwithbondholders,ithasbeenmorethanhappytoplaynicewiththeUnitedAutoWorkers(UAW).Howelsetoexplainwhyaretireehealth-carefundcontrolledbytheUAWisgoingtogeta39percentequitystakeinGMforitsremaining$10billioninclaimswhilebondholdersarebeingpressuredtotakea10percentstakefortheir$27billion?It'shighlyunlikelythattheautoindustryprofessionalsatGMwouldhavereachedsuchadealifthegovernmenthadnotbeenwatchingthem—orprovidingthemoneyneededtokeepthefactorydoorsopen.GMiswidelyexpectedtofileforbankruptcybeforetheendofthismonth.Ifthiswereatypicalbankruptcy,thecompanywouldbeallowedbylawtotearupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreementandnegotiatefordrasticallyreducedwagesandbenefits.Surely,thegovernmentwon'tletthathappen.Still,thethreatofacontractabolitionprobablyplayedaroleintheunion'sagreementtocost-cuttingmeasureslastweek.It'snevereasyforunionstomakeconcessions,butthestingofhandingbackmoneyisbeingsoftenedbythegovernment'sdesiretogivetheunionahugeownershipstakeinGM.TheadministrationarguesthatitcouldnotriskalienatingtheunionforfearoftriggeringastrikethatcouldpermanentlycrippleGM.Italsoassumesthatithadtoagreetoprotectsuppliersandfundwarrantiesinordertopreservejobsandreassurepotentialbuyersthattheircarswouldbeserviced.Thesearelegitimateconcerns.Butit'stoobadthattheObamaadministrationhasnotthoughtmoredeeplyabouthowitsbullyingofbondholderscouldconvincefutureinvestorsthatthelastthingtheywanttodoisputmoneyintoanycompanythatthegovernmenthas—orcould—becomeinvolvedin.1、InitsdealingswithU.S.automakers,theObamaadministrationhasA、beenhardonshareholdersandautoindustrylaborforce.B、helpedstrugglingautomakerstorightthemselveswithashort-termcash-infusion.C、narrowlyavoidedignoranceofbasicprinciplesoffairnessandeconomicrealities.D、successfullysavedtheautomaker-giantswhilestrivingforpoliticalgoals.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第一段。其中講到奧巴馬政府過度干涉美國汽車制造商，特別是最近通用汽車公司的問題，險(xiǎn)些卷入金融操縱的危險(xiǎn)境地，那樣就會(huì)無視公平的基本原則和經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)狀，C項(xiàng)與之相符。A項(xiàng)labor:force與后文講述的政府與UAW交好的事實(shí)相悖；B項(xiàng)是理論上政府應(yīng)該采取的策略，然而并沒有證據(jù)表明政府已經(jīng)這樣做；D項(xiàng)successfullysaved與原文dangerously相悖。2、Thestatement"calltheshots"(Line3,Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningtoA、implementstrategies.B、havethefinalsay.C、seekcompromises.D、makeconcessions.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。這類題型需要根據(jù)上下文推斷出詞義。文中前一句講到政府實(shí)際就代表了通用公司，按照邏輯推理，可知政府在與債權(quán)人談判中。它可以代表通用公司做決定，由此可知B項(xiàng)“有決定權(quán)”正確。A項(xiàng)“貫徹策略”泛泛而談，且“策略”無出處；后一句說到奧巴馬政府對(duì)債券持有人態(tài)度強(qiáng)硬(playhardball)，可排除C項(xiàng)“尋求和解”和D項(xiàng)“做出讓步”。3、Ifithadnotbeenwatchedbythegovernment,GMwouldprobablyhaveA、imposednopressureonbondholderstotakethe10%equitystake.B、cutthepercentageofequitystakecontrolledbytheUAW.C、tornupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreementinanillegalway.D、launchedstaff-downsizingandreducedworkers’wagesandbenefits.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第二段講到因?yàn)橛姓谋O(jiān)管，上述協(xié)議才能達(dá)成。因此可以推斷出，如果沒有政府幫助，UAW很可能就得不到39%這么多的股權(quán)，故B項(xiàng)與之相符。A項(xiàng)imposednopressure無法推理，原文只提出政府的介人使得債券持有人只獲得了10%的股權(quán)，并未提及在政府坐視不理的假設(shè)下公司會(huì)向債券持有人施壓：C項(xiàng)的illegal與第三段中“依照法律，通用公司可以撕毀和工人聯(lián)合會(huì)的勞資協(xié)議”矛盾；D項(xiàng)downsizing并未提及。4、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheUAWgivestopprioritytoA、takingitsownershipstakeinGM.B、enlargingtheretireehealth-carefund.C、raisingworkers’wagesandbenefits.D、validatingthecontractwithGM.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。屬段落細(xì)節(jié)推斷。原文提到“廢除合同的威脅很可能促成了工會(huì)在上周同意了有關(guān)降低成本的措施?！币?yàn)楣と寺?lián)合會(huì)擔(dān)心協(xié)議被撕毀將一無所得，所以才同意了有關(guān)降低成本的措施。由此可見，他們最希望的就是能夠保全之前與公司簽訂的協(xié)議，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)并非toppriority，僅僅softenthesting；B項(xiàng)“增加退休人員的醫(yī)?；稹蔽丛诖颂幪峒?；C項(xiàng)welfareandbenefits并未提及。5、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?A、TheUAWshouldbefullysatisfiedinordertoavoidastrike.B、Theadministrationhasgivenmorethanenoughsympathytotheworkers.C、Theunfairtreatmentcanmakefutureinvestorslosetrustinthegovernment.D、Legitimateconcernsareonlytoolsofthegovernmenttoachievepoliticalgoals.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從全文意義以及最后一段可以推斷出作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，即政府行為會(huì)導(dǎo)致投資者不愿再把錢投資到與政府有關(guān)的企業(yè)中，因?yàn)檎赡軙?huì)損害他們的利益來保護(hù)勞工權(quán)益，C項(xiàng)與之相符。A項(xiàng)“為了避免罷工，應(yīng)該要盡量滿足UAW的要求”、B項(xiàng)“政府已經(jīng)給予工人最大限度的同情”均是政府托詞，而非作者意見：D項(xiàng)“合理考慮僅僅是政府為達(dá)到政治目的而使用的手段”未提及。Biographiescanbewearisomecontrivances,oftentoolongandtoodetailedfortheirowngood.Biographersmakethemistakeofspendingtoomuchtimeworshippingtheirsubjects.Thinkoftheauthoritativethree-volumelifeofRobertFrostbyLawrenceThompson,forexample,andhowthebiographerpassed,overthemanyyearsofitsmaking,fromheroworshiptointensedislikeofthepoetheshadowedforalmostaquarterofacentury.Yes,toolongandintenseanacquaintancecanleadtosourness.AsthebicentenaryofCharlesDarwin'sbirthonFebruary12thapproaches,itisgoodtowelcomeabiographywhichisrelativelysmall,butinnowaysuperficialormeager.RuthPadelhasachievedthisfeatbywritinghergreat-great-grandfather'slifeinasequenceofoftenquiteshortpoems.Throughherversessheseekstocapturethe"voice"ofDarwin.MsPadelembedsmanyofDarwin'sownwords—fromhisbooksorhisletters—inherpoems,andtheresultstendtogivethesenseofbeingjointlyauthored.Sometimessheshapesentirepiecesofquotationintoherownpoeticpassages.Ifthisseemstobeabitofslyplagiarism,itdoesn'tfeellikeit.Itfeelsmorelikeaskillfulactofcollaborationbetweenthelivingandthedead,onemeldingeasilywiththeother.Whydoesthisbookworksowell?Howdoesitmanagetosaysomuchinsofewwords?MsPadelseemstohavecaughttheessenceoftheman's.character,asifinabutterflynet.Sheentersintohiscastofmind,bringingacrosshishyper-sensitivity,hissenseoffragility,hislifelongboldness,andthepoemsareasequenceofsnapshots—oftensmall,intermittentanddelicatelyimagistic—ofparticularlycrucialincidentsinhislife;ofmomentsofintellectualillumination.Itisnoteasytodescribeawholelifeinrelativelyfewwords.Youneedtofindsomewayoffillinginthebackground.MsPadelhasovercomethisproblembyhavingparagraphsofnotesrun,inasinglecolumn,besidethetextsofthepoemssothattheycanbereadsidebyside.AndwhyarepoemsagoodwayofiUuminatingalifesuchasDarwin's?Thebestlyricpoems—thinkofKeatsorShelley,forexample—aremomentsofsuddeninsight.AndDarwin,throughout,wasinthegripofsomethingverysimilar:aterrible,destabilizingsenseofwonder.Hesensedhintsofthemarvelouseverywherehelooked.Allthesadderthen—andthisissomethingthatMsPadeldoesnotexplain—that,laterinlife,themanwhocarriedwithhimontheBeagleChannelacopyofMilton's"ParadiseLost"foundthathecouldnolongerenjoypoetry.6、Accordingtotheauthor,biographiescanbecomeboringbecausetheyaretooA、short.B、detailed.C、authoritative.D、superficial.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可定位至第一段第一句。其中說到傳記常常因?yàn)閷懙眠^于冗長詳盡而令人厭倦，因此可知正確答案為B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“太短”，這并不會(huì)引起讀者的厭倦，此項(xiàng)與文意相反；C項(xiàng)“權(quán)威的”只是羅伯特.弗羅斯特三卷本傳記的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，并非傳記令讀者厭倦的原因；D項(xiàng)意為“膚淺的”，原文第二段提到的是帕德爾女士寫的達(dá)爾文傳記不膚淺，但這并不能推斷出膚淺的傳記會(huì)讓讀者厭煩，這是過度推斷。7、TheexampleofLawrenceThompsonistoshowthatA、it’smostlikelythatacquaintancesdislikeeachotherinthelongrun.B、biographershavetoshowallthegoodnessoftheirsubjects.C、over-worshippingthesubjectmightcauseemotionalchangesofbiographers.D、otherbiographersmaycriticizetheauthorforshowingtoomuchworshipping.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查例證細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)LawrenceThompson定位至第一段。其中說到隨著時(shí)間推移，湯普森對(duì)弗羅斯特由崇拜轉(zhuǎn)為厭惡。因此可知正確答案為C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)所說的是“熟人”，并不是作傳的對(duì)象，與題意無關(guān)：B項(xiàng)“傳記作者必須展現(xiàn)作傳對(duì)象的全部優(yōu)點(diǎn)”、D項(xiàng)“其他的傳記作者也許會(huì)批評(píng)作者過度崇拜其傳記對(duì)象”，文中均未提及。8、CharlesDarwin’sbiographybyRuthPadelA、quotedmanyofRuth’sbooksandletters.B、usedDarwin’sownpoeticpassages.C、plagiarizedtheentirepiecesofotherbiographies.D、feelslikeajointworkbytheauthorandthesubject.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)RuthPadel可定位至第二段。文中說“感覺像是她和達(dá)爾文合寫的一樣”、“更像是生者和逝者的完美合奏”，因此可知D項(xiàng)正確。帕德爾引用的是達(dá)爾文的作品，而不是她自己的作品，因此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)說引用了達(dá)爾文的詩歌，但文中只是說他的著作和書信中的話語被引用到帕德爾的詩歌中，因此B項(xiàng)也排除：C項(xiàng)說完全抄襲了其他傳記作者的作品，不符合文意，因?yàn)槲闹兄赋?，如果有抄襲嫌疑的話.抄襲的也是達(dá)爾文的作品，因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。9、Darwin’sbiographybyMsPadelturnsouttobeagreatsuccessbecauseMsPadelA、hasmadeaninsightfulcommentonDarwin’sparticularnature.B、triestointroduceeverythingcrucialinadetailedandclearway.C、isabletoprovidecomprehensivebackgroundknowledgeoftheman.D、usesanewwayofofferingideasandnotestothereaders.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)success定位至第三段。本段一開始就問“為何這本傳記如此成功?”隨后給出了答案：抓住了達(dá)爾文性格的本質(zhì)特征。因此A項(xiàng)“以深刻的見解談?wù)摿诉_(dá)爾文獨(dú)特的性格”正確。文中說的是她記錄了達(dá)爾文生命中極其重要的時(shí)刻，而不是詳細(xì)地?cái)⑹雒總€(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，因此B項(xiàng)與文意不符；她也沒有提供“全面的”背景知識(shí)。因此C項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)所說的新方法只是方便讀者閱讀，也不是成功的原因，應(yīng)排除。10、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A、Biographieshavetobewrittenintheformofpoemswithnotes.B、It’sgenerallyadvisabletodescribepeople’slifeinfewerwords.C、PoemisthebestwayofdepictingthewonderfullifeofDarwin.D、Darwin’slifeisfilledwithmomentsofsuddeninsights,aspoemssuggest.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。最后一段說詩歌像是一次次頓悟，而達(dá)爾文的人生也是如此，因此D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“傳記必須以詩歌加注的形式寫成”說法過于絕對(duì)，與文意不符；B項(xiàng)“用更少的文字寫傳記通常是明智的”，這是第一段觀點(diǎn)，最后兩段并無此意；C錯(cuò)在best，原文用了good，并無“最”的語義，故排除。二、閱讀9翻譯句子)(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Lifeisunfair,aseventheBibleacknowledges.Wecan'tallhitabaseballlikeDiMaggioorsingliketheBeatles.Buthowmuchdoweunderstandaboutthosewhocan?Notenough,saysMalcolmGladwell,inhisnewbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.【F1】WeattributetheBeatles'fabuloussuccesstotheiramazingmusicaltalents,whereasGladwellhasadifferentexplanation—asadetenninantofsuccess,talentisoverrated,comparedwith,amongotherthings,luck.OutliersopenswithatypicallyGladwellianpuzzle:whyaresomanyprofessionalhockeyplayersbornearlyintheyear?【F2】ItturnsoutthatCanadianYouthLeaguesgroupplayersbyage,basedonacalendaryear,soaplayerborninJanuarywillbetheoldestonhisteam,enjoyingabigdifferenceinsizeandmaturity.Theearlybirdsgetmoreplayingtimeandcoaching,advantagesthatbecomeself-reinforcing,spellingthedifferencebetweenaNationalHockeyLeaguecareerandajobasahigh-schoolcoach.Lifeisunfair.【F3】Similarly,Gladwellcalculatesthatthebestyearforasoftwaregeniustobebomwas1955—justoldenoughforthestartofthepersonal-computerrevolutioninthemid-1970s.ThatistheyearwhenBillGatesandSteveJobswereborn.Obviously,noteveryonebornthatyearbecameabillionaire;GatesandJobshaddistinctivetalents,buttheyalsohaduniqueopportunitiesgrowingup.Almostinvariably,Gladwellsays,geniusesaremade,notborn,anditwastheirfamilies,schoolsandsocietiesthatmadethem.【F4】AsevidenceGladwellbringstobearhisownhistory,asthesonofaJamaicanwomanoflimitedmeanswhowonascholarshiptostudyattheUniversityofLondon.HermarriagetoanEnglishmantherebeganthefamily'sascentintotheeducatedelite.Hemaintainsthathismotherwasthebeneficiaryofherownmother'sinitiativeandafavorableenvironment.Andsoareweall.Thereadershouldfeelfreetocitecounterexamples—Shakespeare,thesonofaprovincialtraderinhidesandgrain?Einstein,dreamingawayinanobscurepatentoffice?—youwon'tdiscomfortGladwell.【F5】Healwaysbuildsanargumentoutofabsorbinganecdotesandeye-openingstatistics,thenhappilymovesontohisnextpoint,leavingthereaderwithafainthintofbuyer'sremorseaboutthealmosttoo-perfectpackageofideas.Nootherwritertodaycanpullthissortofthingoffsowell.IfIhadn'tjustreadGladwell'sbook,I'dbejealousofhistalent,insteadofhisluck.11、【F1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：我們常把甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)的驕人成就歸因于他們驚人的音樂天賦，然而，格拉德威爾卻有著他獨(dú)特的見解——天賦確實(shí)是取得成功的一個(gè)決定性因素，但是跟其他因素如運(yùn)氣相比，天賦的作用被過分夸大了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析12、【F2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：原來，在加拿大青少年曲棍球聯(lián)隊(duì)，球員的年齡以日歷年來算，球隊(duì)根據(jù)他們的年齡對(duì)其進(jìn)行分組。因此1月份出生的球員在球隊(duì)中年齡是最大的，他們?cè)隗w格和成熟程度方面有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析13、【F3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：同樣，格拉德威爾推測(cè)軟件才子出生的最佳年份應(yīng)該是1955年——因?yàn)?0世紀(jì)70年代中期，個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)革命才剛剛起步，而這些1955年出生的人此時(shí)正是風(fēng)華正茂。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析14、【F4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：為了更好地證明上述論點(diǎn)，格拉德威爾還擺出了自己的家史，他的母親出生在_個(gè)財(cái)力有限的牙買加人家，她獲取了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金有了到倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析15、【F5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：他經(jīng)常利用引入人勝的趣聞以及令人瞠目的數(shù)據(jù)來論證他的觀點(diǎn)，然后歡快地論述下一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，而讀者就像一個(gè)買了東西的人那樣，在讀完他那套幾近完美的理論之后不免產(chǎn)生一絲懊悔。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析TheRomanticMovementemphasizedthecreativeartistratherthanthenaturalworldastheoriginofbeauty.【F1】AccordingtotheRomantics,itwasbyencounteringideasandfeelingscrystallizedinworksofartthatwecouldobtaintheonenesswiththeschemeofthingswhichtheEnlightenmentphilosophershadlookedforintheworksofnature.Theself-expressionoftheartistwasendowedwiththeauthorityofrevelation.Originalityratherthanconventionbecamethecriterionofartisticsuccess,andtheindividualtransgressionattainedavalueasgreatasanyobediencetosocialnorms.【F2】InourtimethisRomanticconceptionoftheartisthasbeentakentosuchextremesthatwenolongerknowwhetherartandbeautyhavemuchtodowithoneanother.Manypeopleconcludethatartisnotwhatitwasoncecrackeduptobe,thatitisnotaboutthebeautiful,thegrandandthetranscendent,butthatitisaskilllikeanyotherandthatthegreatestpartoftheskillisself-advertisement.Todaypeoplearealittlemorecynicalthantheywere.Butthisisnotbecausetheyhavelosttheinterestinbeautyortheneedtoencounteritintheirdailylives.Theyhavelostfaithinartasawayofsupplyingthatneed.【F3】Thislossisapainfulone,forthereasonthatitisdifficulttoreturntothe18th-centuryloveofnatureinordertoenjoywhatwaspromisedbyart,namelysalvationfromthetrivialandaface-to-faceencounterwiththetruth.Nature,too,isnotwhatitwasoncecrackeduptobe.Ithaslostitsformerstatusastheopenbookinwhichwecouldreadourselves.【F4】Yettheneedforbeautyremainssinceweseethisinalltheareaswherepeoplemakechoicesconcerningthewaythingslook,orfeelorsound.Peoplemayhavegivenuponart,andtheymaybeskepticaltowardsnaturalbeauty.Buttheystilldesigntheirownlives,searchingforagreementandforasharedsenseofwhatmattersandwhy.Thissearchforaestheticorderisnotjustaluxury;itisessentialtolifeinsociety.【F5】Itisonewayinwhichwesendoutsignalsofhumility,andshowthatwearenotjustanimalshuntingforourneedsbutcivilizedbeingswhowishtoliveatpeacewithourneighbors.Thatiswhyweadoptdresscodes;itiswhyweareguidedbytasteinourlanguage,inourgesturesandinourwaysoflookingatotherpeopleandinvitingthemintoourlives.16、【F1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：在浪漫主義者看來，只有通過感受藝術(shù)作品中凝聚的思想和情感，我們才能體會(huì)世間萬物的同性。這種同一性正是啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)哲學(xué)家曾試圖在自然萬物中發(fā)掘的。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析17、【F2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：如今，浪漫主義派定義的藝術(shù)家的概念已經(jīng)走得很極端，結(jié)果我們都不知道藝術(shù)和美之間是否還存在密切的聯(lián)系。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析18、【F3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這種信念的喪失無疑是令人痛苦的，因?yàn)槲覀兒茈y找回18世紀(jì)那種對(duì)自然的熱愛以享受藝術(shù)盛宴，即“掙脫一切紛繁復(fù)雜，直面真理”。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析19、【F4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：然而，人們依然需要美，當(dāng)他們選擇事物的形狀、觸感或聲音的時(shí)候，我們就感受到了這一點(diǎn)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析20、【F5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：它展現(xiàn)了我們謙遜的態(tài)度，表明我們不僅僅只是尋求自身滿足的動(dòng)物，更是希望可以跟鄰居和睦相處的文明人。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)Birth,growth,decline,death:itistheusualcycleforpeople,companiesandindustries.Butthestoryofviolin-makinginCremonainnorthernItaly,whichflourishedundersuchmastercraftsmenasAndreaAmati,GiuseppeGuarneriandAntonioStradivarifromthemid-16thcenturytotheearly18th,suggeststhat,forindustriesatleast,theremaybelifeafterdeath.Violin-makinginCremonastruggledthroughthe19thcenturyinthehandsofafewcarpenterswhoturnedoutlow-qualityinstruments.Bythe1950sithaddiedout,saysGioBattaMorassi,a73-year-oldmaestroliutaio(masterviolin-maker).Yettoday,inworkshopsoverlookingthecity'scobbledstreets,morethan100craftsmencutandplanemapleandsprucetomakestringinstruments—morethaninanyotherEuropeancity.Cremonaisonceagainthecapitalofhand-craftedinstruments.Anewschooltotraincraftsmenininstrument-makingopenedinCremonain1938,thoughwhenMr.Morassibeganhisstudiesin1950therewerejustsixstudentsonthecourse,ofwhomonlyoneotherwentontomakeinstruments.ButthisslightrevivalwassustainedbyagrowinginterestinBaroquemusicinnorthernEuropeinthe1960sand1970s,saysHildegardDodel,aGermanwhostudiedattheschool.ItcreatednewdemandforinstrumentsmadeinthetraditionalCremonesestyle.TodayItaliansareaminorityamongtheschool's150students;30areSouthKorean,26areJapanese,sixarefromChinaandthreefromTaiwan.Somewillsetupshopinthecity:MsDodelworkedforabouttenyearsrestoringandrepairinginstrumentsinGermanyandtheNetherlandsbeforereturningtoopenherownworkshopinCremonain2003.Instrument-makingisnotaneasylife."Ioftenthoughtofgivingup,"saysFrancescoToto,whomovedtoCremona17yearsagoandspecializesinmakingcellos.Woodisexpensive,mustbeseasonedproperlyandisatriskfromwoodworm;themapleforacellocostsaround€1,500,forexample.Mr.Totowasabletoraisehispricesafterwinningacompetition,buttomaintainqualityhemakesjustfourinstrumentsayear.Violin-makerscanproduceperhapsseventop-qualityinstrumentsayear.(CellosmadebyCremona'scraftsmentypicallycost€15,000-35,000,andviolins€8,000-20,000.)Havingcomebackfromthedead,Cremona'sinstrument-makers,likemanyothersinItalianindustries,hopethatanemphasisonquality,traditionandcraftsmanshipwillkeepcheaperforeignrivalsatbay.1、Thestoryofviolin-makinginCremonaimpliestheindustry_____.A、mayundergorevivalafteraperiodofdeathB、flourishedbecauseofthemastercraftsmenC、mayfollowthesamelifecycleaspeopleandcompaniesD、mayexperiencealongerlifethanotherindustries標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)storyofvollin--making定位到第一段。其中講到“克萊蒙娜的小提琴制作史告訴我們，死而復(fù)生也許真的存在”，故A項(xiàng)正確。2、FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthatCremona_____.A、hasmoreinstrumentworkersthananyothercityB、hadmanycarpenterstomakeviolinsinthepastC、declinedbecauseofitscarpenters’poorhandcraftsD、oncewasthecapitalofhand-craftedinstruments標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第二段末尾提到克萊蒙娜的弦樂器制作數(shù)量超過歐洲任何一個(gè)城市，再一次成為了手工樂器之都，故D項(xiàng)“克萊蒙娜曾經(jīng)為樂器制造之都”正確。3、HildegardDodelbelievedthat_____.A、therevivalofinstrument-makingwasslightandsustainableB、Baroquemusicstimulatedtherevivaloftheinstrument-makingC、peopleinEuropewerefondoftraditionalCremonesestyleD、Baroquemusicincreasedpeople’sinterestsinviolins標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位在第三段，其中講述都朵認(rèn)為“20世紀(jì)60和70年代，北歐的人們又重燃了對(duì)巴洛克音樂的興趣，這為傳統(tǒng)的克萊蒙娜樂器制作又創(chuàng)造了新一波的需求”，故B項(xiàng)與之相符。4、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph4?A、Italiansarelesseducatedbutmoreskilledeventoday.B、ManystudentsinthetrainingschoolcomefromEasterncountries.C、Italiansarelessinterestedintrainingcoursestraditionally.D、TraditionalCremonesestyleisnotpopulartoday.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第四段提到該校意大利人占少數(shù)；其中有30名韓國人，26名日本人，6名來自中國大陸，3名來自臺(tái)灣，故B項(xiàng)“學(xué)校中有很多學(xué)生來自東方國家”與之相符。5、ManyItalianindustriestoday_____.A、havecomebackfromthedeadB、areatriskbecauseofthecheapforeignrivalsC、stillfocusonquality,traditionandcraftsmanshipD、wanttogiveupthedifficultinstrument-making標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段說到“像意大利其他行業(yè)的從業(yè)者一樣，克萊蒙娜的樂器工匠希望其注重質(zhì)量、傳統(tǒng)和手工藝的產(chǎn)品能夠?qū)⒈阋说耐鈬洆踉陂T外”，C項(xiàng)與之相符，故為答案。Startingthismonth,roughlyonequarteroftheworld'spopulationwilllosesleepandgainsunlightastheysettheirclocksaheadfordaylightsaving.Peoplemaythinkthatwiththetimeshift,theyareconservingelectricityotherwisespentonlighting.Butrecentstudieshavecastdoubtontheenergyargument—someresearchhasevenfoundthatitultimatelyleadstogreaterpoweruse.BenjaminFrankliniscreditedwithconceivingtheideaofdaylightsavingin1784toconservecandles,buttheU.S.didnotinstituteituntilWorldWarIasawaytopreserveresourcesforthewareffort.Thefirstcomprehensivestudyofitseffectivenessoccurredduringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s,whentheU.S.DepartmentofTransportationfoundthatdaylightsavingtrimmednationalelectricityusagebyroughly1percentcomparedwithstandardtime.Scantresearchhadbeendonesince,duringwhichtimeU.S.electricityusagepatternshavechangedasairconditioningandhouseholdelectronicshavebecomemorepervasive,observeseconomistMatthewKotchenoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.Butlately,changestodaylightsavingpoliciesonstateandfederallevelshavepresentedinvestigatorsnewchancestoexplorethebefore-and-afterimpactsoftheclockshift.In2006Indianainstituteddaylightsavingstatewideforthefirsttime.Examiningelectricityusageandbillingsincethestatewidechange,KotchenandhiscolleagueLauraGrantunexpectedlyfoundthatdaylighttimeledtoa1percentoverallriseinresidentialelectricityuse,costingthestateanextra$9million.Althoughdaylighttimereducesdemandforhouseholdlighting,theresearcherssuggestthatitincreaseddemandforcoolingonsummereveningsandheatinginearlyspringandlatefallmornings.Notallrecentanalysessuggestthatdaylightsavingiscounterproductive.Insteadofstudyingtheimpactdaylightsavingchangeshadonjustonestate,senioranalystJeffDowdandhiscolleaguesattheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyinvestigatedwhateffectitmighthaveonnationalenergyconsumption,lookingat67electricutilitiesacrossthecountry.IntheirreporttoCongress,theyconcludethatthefour-weekextensionofdaylighttimesavedabout0.5percentofthenation'selectricityperday,or1.3trillionwatt-hoursintotal.Thatamountcouldpower100,000householdsforayear.Thestudydidnotjustlookatresidentialelectricityusebutcommercialuseaswell,Dowdsays.Thedisparitiesbetweenregionalandnationalresultscouldreflectclimatedifferencesbetweenstates."TheeffectwesawcouldbeevenworseinFlorida,whereairconditioningisusedheavily,"Kotchensuggests.6、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,daylightsaving_____.A、meanstosettheclockaheadworldwideB、wasproposedtosavematerialsforwareffortC、leadstosleeplessnessofmillionsofpeopleD、trimmedelectricityusageduringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段末句可知，20世紀(jì)70年代石油危機(jī)時(shí)實(shí)行夏時(shí)制導(dǎo)致用電量減少，故D項(xiàng)正確。7、Thestudyoftheeffectivenessofdaylightsaving_____.A、wasstartedbytheU.S.DepartmentofTransportationB、wasinitiatedbyBenjaminFranklinin1784tosaveelectricityC、wasrarelydoneastheelectricityusagepatternschangedD、needstobedonetohelpthegovernmentchangeitspolicies標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二、三段。第三段提到，馬修說“從那以后就很少有關(guān)于夏時(shí)制節(jié)能效果的研究了，那段時(shí)間美國的用電模式發(fā)生了變化”，故C項(xiàng)符合題意。8、WhateffectdiddaylightsavinghaveontheenergyconsumptionofIndiana?A、Itsaved1.3trillionwatt-hoursinfourweeks.B、Itreduceddemandforhouseholdlightingonlyinspring.C、Itresultedinanextra$9millioncostonelectricity.D、Itreduceddemandforcoolingandheatingallyeararound.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的Indiana可定位到第四段。根據(jù)研究人員的觀察可知，印第安納實(shí)行夏時(shí)制后，用電量增加，電費(fèi)增長了900萬美元，故C項(xiàng)正確。9、JeffDowdwouldmostprobablyagreethat_____.A、daylightsavinghasnegativeeffectsonenergysavingB、thefour-weekextensionofdaylighttimesavesmuchelectricityC、focusingontheeffectofdaylightsavingononestateisenoughD、acomprehensivestudyofdaylighttimenationwideisunnecessary標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的JeffDowd定位到最后一段。Dowd在全國范圍內(nèi)研究實(shí)行夏時(shí)制的用電量，發(fā)現(xiàn)全國平均用電量有所下降，故B項(xiàng)符合文意。10、Thetextintendstotellusthat_____.A、daylightsavingactuallycontributestonationwideelectricityconservationB、asstatesdifferinclimate,differentdaylightsavingpoliciesarenecessaryC、whetherdaylightsavingcansaveenergyornotstillneedsfurtherstudyD、studyofeffectivenessofdaylightsavingpoliciesshouldbeconductedregularly標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。本文開篇指出有些研究結(jié)果對(duì)夏時(shí)制的功效提出異議，作者介紹了相關(guān)研究，并最后得出結(jié)論：盡管某些州實(shí)行夏時(shí)制用電量上升，但在全國范圍內(nèi)還是下降的。故選A項(xiàng)。Itmaynotbeobvious,buthearingtwolanguagesregularlyduringpregnancyputsinfantsontheroadtobilingualismbybirth.AccordingtonewfindingsinPsychologicalScience,ajournaloftheAssociationforPsychologicalScience,infantsborntobilingualmothersexhibitdifferentlanguagepreferencesthaninfantsbomtomothersspeakingonlyonelanguage.PsychologicalscientistsKristaByers-HeinleinandJanetF.WerkerfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaalongwithTraceyBurnsoftheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentinFrancewantedtoinvestigatelanguagepreferenceanddiscrirninationinnewborns.Twogroupsofnewbornsweretestedintheseexperiments:Englishmonolinguals(whosemothersspokeonlyEnglishduringpregnancy)andTagalog-Englishbilinguals(whosemothersspokebothTagalog,alanguagespokeninthePhilippines,andEnglishregularlyduringpregnancy).Theresearchersemployedamethodknownas"high-amplitudesucking-preferenceprocedure"tostudytheinfants'languagepreferences.Thismethodcapitalizesonthenewborns'suckingreflex—increasedsuckingindicatesinterestinastimulus.Inthefirstexperiment,infantsheard10minutesofspeech,witheveryminutealternatingbetweenEnglishandTagalog.ResultsshowedthatEnglishmonolingualinfantsweremoreinterestedinEnglishthanTagalog—theyexhibitedincreasedsuckingbehaviorwhentheyheardEnglishthanwhentheyheardTagalogbeingspoken.However,bilingualinfantshadanequalpreferenceforbothEnglishandTagalog.Theseresultssuggestthatprenatalbilingualexposuremayaffectinfants'languagepreferences,preparingbilingualinfantstolistentoandlearnaboutbothoftheirnativelanguages.Tolearntwolanguages,bilingualnewbornsmustalsobeabletokeeptheirlanguagesapart.Totestifbilingualinfantsareabletodiscriminatebetweentheirtwolanguages,infantslistenedtosentencesbeingspokeninoneofthelanguagesuntiltheylostinterest.Then,theyeitherheardsentencesintheotherlanguageorheardsentencesinthesamelanguage,butspokenbyadifferentperson.Infantsexhibitedincreasedsuckingwhentheyheardtheotherlanguagebeingspoken.Theirsuckingdidnotincreaseiftheyheardadditionalsentencesinthesamelanguage.Theseresultssuggestthatbilingualinf