職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)模擬63

［模擬］職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)模擬63

詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語帶有

括號(hào)或下劃線，請從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與括號(hào)

里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第1題：

Youwillfindthatthecommunityhas<u>experienced</u>greatchanges

sinceyoucameherelasttime.

A.undergone

B.experimented

C.submitted

D.sustained

參考答案：A

experience和undergo同義：經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)受；experiment：試驗(yàn)；submit：提交、

提出；sustain：支撐、支持。

第2題：

Itiseasiertoadapttonewsituationsifonehasa<u>flexible</u>

attitude.

A.changeable

B.fashionable

C.moveable

D.elastic

參考答案：D

flexible和elastic同義：靈活的；changeable：多變的、易變的、喜怒無常

的；fashionable：時(shí)尚的；moveable：可移動(dòng)的、活動(dòng)的。

第3題：

Shecouldnotenduretheextreme<u>tension</u>andbrokeintotears

suddenly.

A.bravery

B.strain

C.danger

D.security

參考答案：B

tension和strain同義：緊張、壓力：bravery：勇敢、勇氣；danger：危險(xiǎn)；

i

security：安全。

第4題：

Unableto<u>control</u>himself,hetorethephonefromhiswife'shand,

thenfromthesocket,andthrowitacrosstheroom.

A.restrain

B.refresh

C.release

D.relieve

參考答案：A

restrain和control都表示“控制、約束"；refresh：使精神振作；release：

釋放、解放；relieve：減輕、解除。

第5題：

Thegovernmentwouldnotdareto<u>impose</u>taxesonsuchnecessities

asbreadormilk.

A.cut

B.force

C.occur

D.charge

參考答案：D

impose：征收稅款,和charge（要價(jià)、收費(fèi)）意思相近;cut：切、割;force：

強(qiáng)迫；Occur：出現(xiàn)。

第6題：

He<u>maintained</u>thattheopinionwaswrong.

A.emphasized

B.repaired

C.held

D.helped

參考答案：C

maintain：維持、堅(jiān)持,和hold（持有）意思相近;emphasize：強(qiáng)調(diào)；repair：

修理；help：幫助。

第7題：

Afamousscientististryingto<u>explain</u>hisnewfindings.

A.elicit

B.emulate

2

C.eradicate

D.elucidate

參考答案：D

explain和elucidate都表示“解釋、闡明"；elicit：誘出、探出事實(shí)；emulate：

與……競爭、努力趕上；eradicate：根除、消滅。

第8題：

TheUnitedStatesCongressandthestatelegislatures<u>approve</u>

thousandsoflawseachyear.

A.amend

B.debate

C.pass

D.draft

參考答案：C

pass：通過、批準(zhǔn)，和approve（贊同、核實(shí)）意思相近；amend：修正、修訂；

debate：辯論；draft：起草、草擬。

第9題：

Itisdifficulttounderstandthiskindof<u>complicated</u>

calculation.

A.exultant

B.complex

C.petulant

D.varied

參考答案：B

complicated和complex是同義詞，都有“復(fù)雜”的意思；exultant：狂喜的、

興高采烈的；petulant：易怒的、脾氣壞的；varied：各種各樣的、不相同的。

第10題：

LargeareasofAlaskanlandremain<u>desolate</u>duetoharshclimate.

A.barren

B.immature

C.accessible

D.parched

參考答案：A

desolate和barren是近義詞，都有“貧瘠、荒涼”之意。desolate強(qiáng)調(diào)尚未開

3

發(fā)地區(qū)的那種荒涼，barren則強(qiáng)調(diào)某一地區(qū)沒有生命的存在。immature：不成

熟的；inaccessible：不可接近的、達(dá)不到的；parched：烘烤的、干透了的。

第11題：

Einstein'stheoryofrelativityseemed<u>incredible</u>whenitwas

firstintroduced.

A.brilliant

B.complicated

C.unbelievable

D.distinguished

參考答案：C

incredible和unbelievable同義：難以置信的；brilliant：光輝的、顯赫的：

complicated：復(fù)雜的；distinguished：卓越的、杰出的。

第12題:

Theprojectfordevelopinglocalindustrieswas<u>evaluated</u>forits

usefulness,feasibilityandeasinessofexecution.

A.assessed

B.compared

C.measured

D.weighed

參考答案：A

evaluate：估價(jià)、評(píng)價(jià),和assess（評(píng)估）意思相近;compare：比較；measure：

衡量；weigh：稱重量、權(quán)衡（利弊等）。

第13題:

Hissuccessinworkhas<u>tempted</u>manytotrythisnewmethod.

A.attracted

B.called

C.implied

D.insured

參考答案：A

tempt和attract同義：吸引；call：給某人打電話；imply：暗示；inspire：

鼓舞。

第14題：

Thesisters<u>cannottolerate</u>eachother.

A.bear

4

B.hate

C.like

D.criticize

參考答案：A

tolerate和bear都表示“寬容、容忍”；hate：厭惡、憎恨；like：喜歡；criticize：

批評(píng)。

第15題：

Theeconomicreforminthatcountryhasbeen<u>accelerated</u>.

A.speededup

B.putoff

C.sloweddown

D.stopped

參考答案：A

accelerate和speedup都表示"加速"；putoff：推遲、延期;slowdown：

減速、慢下來；stop：停止、阻止。

閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)

短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選

擇A項(xiàng)；如果該句提供的錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B項(xiàng)：如果該句的信息文

章中沒有提及，請選擇C項(xiàng)。

ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland

AmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28

April,2007,topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfrom

theirbeds.SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.

Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries.

〃Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fair

ride,z，saidthewoman.

TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequakestruck

at8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannel,about8.5miles

southofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel.

Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsed

acrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to

15seconds.

〃Iwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrom

bednexttome,〃saidHendrickvanEck,27,ofCanterburyabout60miles

southeastofLondon.〃Ithenheardthesoundofcracking,anditwas

gettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmy

bedhoppingupanddown.z，

5

Therearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundthe

worldeachyear,buttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthe

strongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthe

centralEnglandcityofBirmingham.

Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSea

in1931,measuring6.1ontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurvey

scientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28Aprilinanarea

thathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritain,

includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.

Mussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanother

earthquakestruckthispartofEngland.However,peopleshouldnotbe

scaredtoomushbythisprediction,Mussonsaid,asthemodernearthquake

warningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquake

andannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtime

forpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.

第16題：

DuringtheApril28earthquake,wholeEnglandwasleftwithoutpower.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

答案相關(guān)句（畫線句）沒有提到停電的情況，但接下來的句子繼續(xù)提到地震造成的

危害：“電力中斷，幾千名居民無電可用”，由此問題句沒有提供正確信息。

第17題：

TheChannelTunnelwasclosedfor10hoursaftertheearthquakeoccurred.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：c

該句中根本沒有出現(xiàn)與時(shí)間相關(guān)的詞語，因此判斷問題句的內(nèi)容在文章中沒有出

現(xiàn)。

第18題：

Itwasreportedthatoneladyhadgotherheadandneckinjured,butnot

seriously.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

6

參考答案：A

問題句的內(nèi)容與第1段第3句的內(nèi)容相符，因此問題句提供了正確信息。

第19題：

FranceandseveralotherEuropeancountriessenttheirmedicalteamsto

worksidebysidewiththeBritishdoctors.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：C

在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)Europeancountries及其相關(guān)詞.Europe

根本沒有在文章中出現(xiàn)，因此判斷問題句提供的信息在文章中沒有被提到。

第20題：

Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceinLondonin1580.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

答案相關(guān)句說“英國遭受了幾次最大地震，其中包括1580年發(fā)生的地震”，而

該段段首句已經(jīng)明確指出“英國最強(qiáng)烈的地震于1931年發(fā)生在北?！?，因此問

題句提供了錯(cuò)誤信息。

第21題：

MussonpredictedthatanotherearthquakewouldoccurinsoutheastEngland

soonerorlater.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

最后一段Massonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanother

earthquakestruckthispartofEngland."Masson預(yù)言另一次地震將襲擊

英格蘭東南部，至于地震什么時(shí)候發(fā)生只是個(gè)時(shí)間問題”。顯然該句內(nèi)容與問題

句的內(nèi)容一致。

第22題：

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEnglandisrarelyhitbyhigh

7

magnitudeearthquakes.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞（highmagnitudeearthquakes/高震級(jí)的地震）作為

答案線索，在文章第6段中查找答案相關(guān)句。該段說“4月28號(hào)發(fā)生的那場地

震是從2002年以來震級(jí)最強(qiáng)的地震了，全球每年發(fā)生強(qiáng)度為中等的地震有幾千

次，但是這種中等強(qiáng)度的地震英格蘭很少發(fā)生?！睋?jù)此可以容易地推斷出，高震

級(jí)的地震在英格蘭就更少見了。

概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任

務(wù)：（1）1?4題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段每段選擇1個(gè)

正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第5?8題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確

的選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。

WhatisHappiness?

1.Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfree

lifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattaining

realhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmust

beequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue,moreoften

thannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.

2.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethe

sourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuch

thingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,

religiouscommitment,self-improvement.

3.Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefinds

datingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyou

thatheisafraidofmakingacommitment（應(yīng)承擔(dān)的義務(wù)）.Forcommitment

isinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,

andexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmost

distinguishingfeatures.

4.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenights

sleeporthree-dayvacation.Idontknowparentwhowouldchoosetheword

funtodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohave

childrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplaying

withagrandchild.

5.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothing

todowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberates

time:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinely

increaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthose

fancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseems

8

pointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthose

whoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

23-26的選項(xiàng)

A.Thereasonofmarriage

B.Painandhappiness

C.Kindsofliberatingrealizations

D.Joysofraisingachild

E.Feartotruehappiness

F.Seekinghappiness

27-30的選項(xiàng)

A.goeshandinhand

B.hisreluctancetotakeonresponsibilities

C.hatred

D.misunderstanding

E.arewardingtask

F.amoralduty

第23題:

Paragraph1.

參考答案：

B

詳細(xì)解答：

這段談到幸福和痛苦的關(guān)系以及人們的觀點(diǎn)。

第24題：

Paragraph2.

參考答案：

E

詳細(xì)解答：

第1句即是中心句。

第25題：

Paragraph4.

參考答案：

D

詳細(xì)解答：

這一段是舉例說明撫養(yǎng)孩子的樂趣。

第26題：

9

Paragraph5.

參考答案：

C

詳細(xì)解答：

這一段講的是理解了真正的幸福與樂趣并無多大關(guān)系后幾種心態(tài)的解放。

第27題:

Raisingchildrenis.

參考答案：

E

詳細(xì)解答：

第4段這個(gè)例子就是說明撫養(yǎng)孩子的艱辛以及樂趣，是一件有回報(bào)的事情。

第28題：

Thebachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecauseof.

參考答案：

B

詳細(xì)解答：

第3段中提到真正的原因是他害怕承諾。

第29題:

Envysometimesstemfrom.

參考答案：

D

詳細(xì)解答：

最后一段提到一旦理解之后，就可以不會(huì)再妒忌別人，那么可推斷妒忌有時(shí)

來自誤解。

第30題:

Happinessoftenwithpain.

參考答案：

A

詳細(xì)解答:

10

整個(gè)文章都在說明幸福和痛苦是不可分割的。

閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4

個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問題，從4

個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1最佳答案。

PreventingChildMaltreatment

Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-long

consequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalence

ofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountriesespecially

low—and-middle—incomecountries,arelacking.

Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Current

estimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearch

used.Nonetheless,internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%

ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren.While

25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,many

childrenaresubjecttoemotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas

psychologicalabuse).

Everyyear,thereareanestimated31,000homicidedeathsin

childrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentofthe

problem,asasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochildmaltreatment

areincorrectlyattributedtofalls,bumsanddrowning.

Childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamiliesand

canhavelong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcausesstressthatis

associatedwithdisruptioninearlybraindevelopment.Extremestresscan

impairthedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.Consequently,

asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioral,

physicalandmentalhealthproblem.Viathebehavioralandmentalhealth

consequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,

suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.

Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatment,thereis

aneconomicimpact,includingcostofhospitalization,mentalhealth

treatment,childwelfare,andlonger-termhealthcost.

Anumberofriskfactorforchildmaltreatmenthavebeen

identified.Theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandcultural

contexts,butprovideanoverviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecauses

ofchildmaltreatment.

Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsand

arenevertoblameformaltreatment.Anumberofcharacteristicsofan

individualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated,such

asbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,

orfailingtofulfilltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneed,

cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures

第31題：

Thedifficultsituationintheglobalestimatesofthechildmaltreatment

11

isduetothefollowingfactorsEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.

A.childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblem

B.thereisnoexactdataaboutlow-andmid-incomecountries

C.thereisashortageoftheprofessionaldatacollectors

D.differentscientistsusedifferentresearchmethods

參考答案：C

文中第一段提到了虐待兒童是全球問題，無法獲得中低收入國家中兒童受虐數(shù)字

資料，第二段開頭提到了兒童受虐數(shù)字難以統(tǒng)計(jì)的另外一個(gè)原因，即研究方法的

差異性，只有專業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)人員是否缺乏沒有提及，因此答案為C。

第32題：

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.20%ofwomengotsexuallyabusedintheirchildhood.

B.25-50%ofallchildrenwerereportedtohavebeenphysicallyabused.

C.25-50%ofchildrenwerepsychologicallyabused.

D.60-75%ofchildrenwereneglectedbytheirparents.

參考答案：B

文中第二段對數(shù)字有明確說明。

第33題:

Manyhomicidedeathsinchildrenunder15arewronglycategorizedinto

thefollowingtypesEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.

A.drowninginswimming

B.diarrhea

C.bums

D.falls

參考答案：B

文中第三段指出每年15歲以下兒童死亡大概在31,000人，該數(shù)字大大低估了

實(shí)際情況，是因?yàn)橛邢喈?dāng)多的由于受虐而導(dǎo)致死亡的兒童被歸因?yàn)樗に馈馈?/p>

淹死。沒有明確指出腹瀉，因此可推斷出該題答案為B。

第34題：

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychild

maltreatment?

A.Thechildwillbehavebadlyinhismemoryofhischildhoodwhenhe

growsup.

B.Childmaltreatmenthurtshisnervousandimmunesystems.

C.Childmaltreatmentdamageshisearlybraindevelopment.

12

D.Thechildiseasilyaffectedbymanydiseasesinhisadulthood.

參考答案：A

文中提到虐待兒童會(huì)導(dǎo)致其出現(xiàn)身體上的疾病，包括神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、免疫系統(tǒng)、大腦

發(fā)育以及成年后出現(xiàn)的疾病，但那沒有提到是否會(huì)對其記憶力產(chǎn)生影響，因此答

案為A。

第35題：

Themaltreatedchildrenoftenbearallthefollowingcharacteristics

EXCEPT.

A.theyfrequentlyandeasilycry

B.theyareininfant'sorinadolescentperiod

C.theyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends

D.theyoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparents

參考答案：D

Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskfor

behavioral,physicalandmentalhealthproblems.Viathebehavioraland

mentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,

cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.因止匕，那些曾被虐

待的兒童，到了成人期，在行為、生理以及心理等方面出現(xiàn)疾病的危險(xiǎn)性大大增

加。通過行為和心理上對健康的影響，虐待又會(huì)導(dǎo)致其出現(xiàn)心臟病、癌癥、自殺

以及性傳播疾病等。

BeAlerttoAntimicrobialResistance

Theabilityofmicro-organismstofindwaystoevadetheaction

ofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasingly

recognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedeveloped

mechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibioticsnormally

usedfortheirtreatment(multi-drugresistantbacteria),sopose

particulardifficulties,astheremaybefewornoalternativeoptions

fortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.

WHOsuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospital

infectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthespreadofmulti-drugresistant

strainsandtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibiotics,

reducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria?

AnarticlepunishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseaseson11August

2010identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighly

resistanttoalmostallantibiotics.Thearticle"hasdrawnattentionto

theissueofAMR(antimicrobialresistance)and,inparticular,hasraised

awarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.

Whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinue

13

toappear,thisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudyto

understandtheextentandmodesoftransmission,andtodefinethemost

effectivemeasuresforcontrol.

Thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobial

resistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumers,managersof

hospitals,patients,aswellasnationalgovernments,thepharmaceutical

industry,andinternationalagencies.

WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontroland

preventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillancefor

antimicrobialresistance;rationalantibioticuse,including,education

ofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;

introducingorenforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingof

antibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfection

preventionandcontrolmeasures,includingtheuseofhand-washing

measures,particularlyinhealthcarefacilities.

Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshas

beendocumentedinmanycountries,andtheexistingandwell-known

infectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreduce

transmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematically

implemented.

WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevant

policies,andtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobial

resistance.AntimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofWHO'sWorld

HealthDay2011.

第36題：

Whyistheuseofantibioticsarousinggloballyincreasinginterest?

A.Themisuseoftheantibioticshascausedstrongerbacteria

resistanceandnonewdrugsagainstthebacteriaareavailableatpresent.

B.Themicro-organismsdevelopmuchfasterthanthepast,sothe

researchersaremoreinterested.

C.Theantibioticsformulti-drugresistantbacteriaarehighlypriced

andtherewillbeabigmarketforthedrugindustry.

D.Theantibioticshasbeenfoundmorepowerfulforthetreatmentof

themulti-drugresistantbacteria.

參考答案：A

文中第一段指出，有些致病菌對現(xiàn)有的抗生素產(chǎn)生了一定的耐藥性，而目前有效

的替代藥物還沒有出現(xiàn)，這是一個(gè)棘手的問題引起了全球關(guān)注，因此答案為A。

第37題：

WhichofthefollowingistrueofthearticlepublishedinTheLancet

InfectiousDiseases?

A.TheissueofAMRledthescientiststobealerttothenewhuman

14

gene.

B.Anewdrugwillbesoonavailableforanymulti-drugresistant

bacteria.

C.Anewstrainhasbeenfoundtobehighlyresistanttoalmostall

antibiotics.

D.AMRarousedtheawarenessofthescientiststotheinfectionscaused

bytheantibiotics.

參考答案：C

文中第二段說明，雜志中提到發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種幾乎對所有抗生素都具有抵抗性的新的

細(xì)菌，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了世人對AMR,尤其是對耐藥菌感染的關(guān)注，因此答案為C。

第38題：

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassagetotakecautious

andproperactionabouttheAMR?

A.Thosewhouseantibiotics.

B.Thosewhosellantibiotics.

C.Thosewhoproduceantibiotics.

D.Thosewhostudyinuniversities.

參考答案：D

文中提到應(yīng)對AMR特別關(guān)注的人群包括：消費(fèi)者、醫(yī)院管理人員、病人、政府、

藥品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)以及一些國際機(jī)構(gòu)，文中沒有提到大學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)。因此答案為D。

第39題：

AllthefollowingrecommendationstothegovernmentsfromWHOistrue

EXCEPT______.

A.educationtotheusersofantibiotics.

B.controlonuseofantibioticsinhealthfacilities.

C.introductionofnewregulationsonthesaleofantibiotics.

D.limitonthehospitalstostoremoreantibioticdrugsthantheycan

use.

參考答案：D

WHO提出的建議包括：對AMR進(jìn)行監(jiān)管，合理使用抗生素，教育公眾及醫(yī)務(wù)人員

要正確使用抗生素，立法限制非處方購買抗生素以及對感染采用預(yù)防和控制措

施，沒有提到限制醫(yī)院儲(chǔ)備抗生素，因此答案為D。

第40題：

Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

A.WHOcanonlyrecommendthegovernmentstocontrolandpreventthe

15

transmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganisms.

B.Evenwiththenewstrainsagainsttheexistingantibiotics,the

transmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsisstillundercontrol.

C.WithoutthesupportfromWHO,nocountrycanbesafeinthewar

againstthetransmissionofmultidrugresistantorganisms.

D.WHOwillsparenoeffortinantimicrobialresistancein2010and

willsetaspecialdayforitin2011.

參考答案：B

雖然目前還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)更有效的新抗生素，但文中提到在許多國家對耐藥性微生物

的控制取得了很大成功，而且目前的預(yù)防手段仍然能夠有效減少耐藥微生物的傳

播，因此答案為B。

SpoiltforChoice

Choice,wearegiventobelieve,isaright.Indailylife,people

havecometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredto

makedecisionsonewayoranother.Inthemain,thesearejustirksome

momentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyorbrainpower,orduring

lunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorderorindeedwhich

coffeeshoptogoto.

Butsometimesselectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhave

seriousorlifelongrepercussions.Morecomplexdecision-makingisthen

eitheravoided,postponed,orputintothehandsofthearmyof

professionals,lifestylecoaches,lawyers,advisors,andthelike,

waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee.Butforagoodmany

peopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,not

aright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomake

choices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,createdbycompaniesand

advertiserswantingtoselltheirwares.

Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople'slivesisanxiety.

Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easy

accesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessness,

evenparalysis,inmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalking

awayorjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinorder

tosolvetheproblemandreducetheunease.RecentsurveysintheUnited

Kingdomhaveshownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsbought

perhouseholdarenotreallyneeded.Theadvertisersandtheshareholders

ofthemanufacturersare,nonetheless,satisfied.

Itisnotjusttheiravailabilitythatistheproblem,butthe

speedwithwhichnewversionsofproductscomeonthemarket.Advances

indesignandproductionmeanthatnewitemsarealmostreadybythetime

thatgoodshittheshelves.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespan

sothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.

16

Theclassicexampleiscomputers,whicharealmostobsoleteoncetheyare

bought.Atfirst,therewereonlyoneortwoavailablefromalimited

numberofmanufacturers,butnowtherearemanycompaniesallwithnot

onlytheirownproductsbutdifferentversionsofthesamemachine.This

makesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwith

easeintoashopandbuyonething:nochoice,noanxiety.

Theplethoraofchoiceisnotlimitedtoconsumeritems.Withthe

greatermobilityofpeoplearoundtheworld,peoplehavemorechoiceabout

wheretheywanttoliveandworkafairlyrecentphenomenon.Inthepast,

nationsmigratedacrosshugeswathesoftheearthinsearchoffood,

adventure,andmorehospitableenvironments.Wholenationscrossed

continentsandchangedthefaceofhistory.Sothemobilityofpeopleis

nothingnew.Thecreationofnationstatesandborderseffectivelyslowed

thisprocessdown,butwhatisdifferentnowisthespeedatwhich

migrationishappening:

第41題：

Whatisthedifference