專題05 高頻語法之定語從句、名詞性從句與語法填空 （原卷版）

專題05高頻語法之定語從句、名詞性從句與語法填空（原卷版） 一、定語從句 1.思維導(dǎo)圖 2.高考真題再現(xiàn)一、2022年高考真題1.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.2.（2022全國甲卷）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,_________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.3.（2022年浙江1月）KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics__________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.二、2021-2019年高考真題1.（2021.1浙江卷語法填空）BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool

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givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.2.（2020新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷高考真題）InancientChinalivedanartist61paintingswerealmostlifelike.3.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，___62___sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters___64___hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.5.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___58___givesofflightinthedark.6.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.7.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose___9___aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.8.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto109.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment_started_(start)asoil-testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.10.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Manywesterners57cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout. 3.考試技巧語法填空解題策略1.確定定語從句關(guān)系詞的解題要領(lǐng):根據(jù)定語從句中所缺成分來確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。2.關(guān)系詞應(yīng)遵循“缺什么,補(bǔ)什么”的原則(1)如果先行詞指人,定語從句中缺少主語,限制性定語從句中用who/that;非限制性定語從句中用who。(2)如果先行詞指人,定語從句中缺少賓語,限制性定語從句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定語從句中用whom。(3)如果先行詞指物,定語從句中缺少主語或賓語,限制性定語從句中用which/that;非限制性定語從句用which。(4)如果先行詞指時間或地點(diǎn),定語從句中缺少時間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語,則用when或where;如果缺少主語或賓語,則用that或which。(5)在“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中如果先行詞指人,則關(guān)系詞用whom;如果先行詞指物,則用which。 4.知識點(diǎn)拓展1：考點(diǎn)梳理引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞；限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)；關(guān)系詞之間的異同及選用?？键c(diǎn)1定語從句的種類(1)限制性定語從句從句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明確，與主句之間不用逗號隔開。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.(2)非限制性定語從句從句是對主句或先行詞的補(bǔ)充和說明，去掉后不影響主句的意思，與主句之間往往用逗號隔開。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞/指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進(jìn)行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.考點(diǎn)2關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中作賓語時,常可以省略,但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人賓語MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人、物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人、物主語、賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語、賓語Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人、物主語、賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時間時間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替換where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替換why原因原因狀語Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替換考點(diǎn)3關(guān)系代詞that和which的特殊用法1.限制性定語從句中，只用關(guān)系代詞that的情況：(1)先行詞是all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代詞。IwilltellyoueverythingthatIknow.(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾。Whatisthefirstforeigncitythatyouhaveeverbeento?(3)先行詞被theonly,thevery(正好),thelast,all,any,every,no,little,much,some等限定詞修飾。Chattingistheonlythingthatinterestsher.(4)先行詞中既有人也有物。Thethingsandpersonsthattheymentionedarestrangetome.(5)在which或who的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句。Whoistheboythatislyingunderthetree?2.先行詞指物時，只用關(guān)系代詞which的情況：(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.(2)非限制性定語從句中。Hechangedhismind,whichmademeangry.(3)先行詞本身是that。Whatisthatwhichyouhaveputintoyourschoolbagjustnow?考點(diǎn)4限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時不用逗號分開TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定語從句對先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開,相當(dāng)于一個插入語,不能用that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞作賓語時也不能省略Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.考點(diǎn)5關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別1.位置不同。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能位于句首。Asweallknow,lifeisnotabedofroses.Lifeisnotabedofroses,whichweallknow.2.意義不同。as意為“正如，就像”，引導(dǎo)的從句表達(dá)人的觀點(diǎn)、事物的習(xí)慣性等意義，主要起承上啟下的作用；which意為“這一點(diǎn)”，引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個并列句，補(bǔ)充說明主句的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。Asoftenhappened,theywonthefootballgameagain.Itrainedheavily,whichpreventedusfromgoingout.3.當(dāng)先行詞被such,so,as等詞修飾時，一般用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。Suchbooksasyouwantaresoldout.二、名詞性從句 1.思維導(dǎo)圖 2.高考真題再現(xiàn)一、2022年高考真題(2022年北京卷)It’seasytoexplainhowwedetermine15smellsaredangerousornot.二、2021-2019年高考真題1.（2021.6新高考1卷）GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatle'ssong"TheLongandWindingRoad".

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issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.2.（2020浙江高考真題）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.3.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.4.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada. 3.考試技巧【關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】語法填空解題策略名詞性從句做題兩步驟第1步判斷是否屬于名詞性從句;第2步判斷名詞性從句中的連接詞;若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語,用連接代詞;若缺少狀語就用連接副詞;如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。 4.知識點(diǎn)拓展1：考點(diǎn)梳理主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句的基本用法；易混引導(dǎo)詞的辨析；名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分?？键c(diǎn)1基本用法引導(dǎo)詞類別常見引導(dǎo)詞作用連接代詞what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任主語、表語、賓語、或定語等成分連接副詞how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任狀語成分從屬連詞that,whether,if除that外均有詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，只起連接作用考點(diǎn)2主語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主句主語的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有：(1)從屬連詞：that,whether,if(2)連接代詞：what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever(3)連接副詞：how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever2.it作形式主語在通常情況下，that引導(dǎo)主語從句時，常用it作形式主語，而將that從句置于句尾。用it作形式主語通常有以下四種句型：(1)It＋be＋形容詞＋從句：Itisnecessarythat...有必要……Itisimportantthat...重要的是……Itisobviousthat...很明顯……(2)It＋be＋過去分詞＋從句：Itisbelievedthat...人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat...已決定……(3)It＋be＋名詞(短語)＋從句：Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常識Itisasurprisethat...令人驚奇的是……Itisafactthat...事實(shí)是……(4)It＋不及物動詞/動詞短語＋從句：Itappearsthat...似乎……Ithappensthat...碰巧……Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想起……Itdoesn’tmatterwhether...……沒有關(guān)系考點(diǎn)3賓語從句動詞+賓語從句Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.介詞+wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhewouldlosehiswork.besides/beyond/but/except/that(除了)Haveyouheardanythingbeyondthatheisill?Criticismandself-criticismisnecessarybutthatithelpsuscorrectourmistakes.find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等+it+賓語從句Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.形容詞+賓語從句I’msurethattheycanmakeit.考點(diǎn)4表語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語的從句叫作表語從句，可接表語從句的連系動詞有be,seem,look,sound,taste,feel,remain,appear等。表語從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有：(1)從屬連詞：that,whether(2)連接代詞：what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever(3)連接副詞：how,when,where,why2.幾種特殊的表語從句(1)asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句此類表語從句常出現(xiàn)在seem,look,sound,taste,feel,appear等連系動詞后，從句可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。ItsoundsasifyouarefromCanada.Itseemedasifshehadheardthenews.(2)because和why引導(dǎo)的表語從句此類表語從句常用于以下句型：this/thatiswhy...這/那是……的原因this/thatisbecause...這/那是因?yàn)椤⒁猓褐骶渲髡Z是reason時，表語從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，而不用because或why。Theaccidentthathappenedyesterdaywasbecausethedriverhadbeendrunk.Thereasonforyesterday’saccidentisthatthedriverwasdrunk.考點(diǎn)5同位語從句常見的能接同位語從句的名詞belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word引導(dǎo)詞同位語從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但根據(jù)語境的不同,也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略例句Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.Thequestionwhereweshallhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecided.考點(diǎn)6連詞whether和if在名詞性從句中的使用1.用whether或if均可的情況(1)whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)大部分動詞后的賓語從句時，兩者均可。(2)it作形式主語，且主語從句在句末時，兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語從句。Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallstudyabroad.2.用whether而不用if的情況(1)主語從句和賓語從句置于句首Whetherwewillgocampingdependsontheweather.Whetherhewillsucceed,Ican’tsay.(2)引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句Thequestioniswhetherwecangetintouchwithhim.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherhewillattendthemeeting.(3)引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句Everythingdependsonwhetherwehavefreetime.(4)引導(dǎo)詞與ornot連用Hedoesn’tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtostay.(5)引導(dǎo)詞后接todoTheyneededmoretimetoconsiderwhethertoholdameeting.(6)有些動詞如discuss,decide等后的賓語從句Wediscussedwhetherweshouldholdameeting.(7)避免用if引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生歧義Letmeknowwhetheryouarecomingtoourparty.三、模擬演練1.（2022·浙江嘉興·二模）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asecond-gradeeducationhasnotstoppedgarbagecollectorJoseGutierrez,aged53,frombringingthegiftofreadingtothousandsofColombian____61____(child).Gutierrezstartedrescuingbooksfromthegarbagenearly20yearsago.Healwaysdroveagarbagetruckthroughthecountry’swealthierneighborhoods.Overtime,the____62____(abandon)readingmaterialslowlypiledup.Andnowthegroundfloorofhissmallhouseisfledfromfloortoceiling____63____some20,000books,rangingfromchemistrytextbookstoclassicsforkids.Hesaysbooksaretreasuresforkidsinlow-incomeneighborhoodssuchas____64____(he).Newreadingmaterialatbookstoresistooexpensiveandpubliclibrariestend____65____(be)farawayfrompoorerareas.“Thisshouldbeoneachcornerofeveryneighborhood,”saysGutierrez.Hehasaloveofreading____66____hesayscomesfromhismother.Shealwaysreadtohimeventhoughshewas____67____poortokeephiminschool.Sofar,Gutierrez____68____(travel)tobookfairsinMexicoandChiletosharehisexperienceofstartingalibrary.“Tome,thebookisthegreatest____69____(invent)thatcanhappentoahumanbeing,”hesays,addingthathedoesnotrejecttechnologythatallowsbookstoberead_____70_____(digital),buthepreferstoreadtheprintedwordsonpaper.2.（2022·新疆師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)一模）閱讀下面短文，從空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。Beingintherightplaceattherighttimecanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.When____71____abnormalicestormfelledrunnersina100-kilometercross-countryraceinChina’snorth-westernGansuProvince,ashepherd(牧羊人）____72____(name)ZhuKemingbravedtheelementstopullthreemenandthreewomento____73____(safe).Thedayoftheracebeganwithmildtemperatures.Zhuwastendinghissheepasusualwhentemperatures____74____(drop)quickly.Smallhardballsoficemixedwithrainbegantofalltotheearth,andthenZhutookshelter____75____asmallcavehe'dbeenusingforyearstostoreemergencysupplies.ItwasfromthispositionthatZhunoticedamaninobviousdanger.Zhubroughtthemanbacktothecavetowarmhimup.After____76____(light)afire,Zhureturnedtothemountainside,shepherdingfive____77____(addition)runnerstothecave.Unpreparedforthesuddenshiftintheweather,mostracerswereoutfittedinlightweightclothingthatwasnomatchforthe____78____(extreme)coldweather."Iwanttosay____79____gratefulIamtothemanwhosavedme,"saidZhangXiaotao,whowasoneoftherunners.WhileZhuisnowconsideredasahero,thehumbleshepherdsaid,"IamjustanordinarypersonanddidwhatIcould_____80_____(help)theserunners.3.（2022·河南·南陽中學(xué)三模）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AuniqueexhibitionofpaintingsopenedattheShanghaiMentalHealthCenteronThursday—allthe49paintingsarecreatedbythreehospitalizedartistswithschizophrenia(精神分裂).Withthethemeof“l(fā)oudhailer”,theexhibitionofferspeoplewiththementaldisorderachancetoexpressthemselvesartisticallyandallowstheirvoice______1______(hear)bythepublic,officialsfromthecentersaid.Thiscanarouse______2______(aware)andpromotebetterunderstandingandsupportforpeoplewithmentaldiseases,theyadded.“Loudhailermeanstwo-waycommunication.Thesepaintingsarecreatedbypatients_____3_____havebeenhospitalizedforalongtime.Theyliveina______4______(relative)closedenvironment.Sowewanttousethisexhibitiontoachievecommunicationbetweenthesehospitalizedartists____5____theaudience,”saidChenMengyuan,thecurator.DrXieBinfromtheShanghaiMentalHealthCentersaidtheexhibitionalsoaimstoremovethestigma(污名)attached

______6______peoplewithschizophrenia.“Wehopemorepeoplewithmentaldiseasewillbecome_______7_______(scholar),artistsandevengreatscientistslikeJohnNashthroughmedicaltreatmentandagood______8______(society)environment.”NashwasanAmericanmathematicianwho________9________(award)the1994NobelPrizeforEconomicsandwhoselifeas_______10_______schizophreniapatientwasdescribedinthemovieABeautifulMind,basedonhisbookofthesamename.4.（2022·遼寧·模擬預(yù)測）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Webelievethatactsofkindnesscanchangetheworldforthe___11___(good).OnApril28,

___12___(country)acrosstheworldwillunitewithonecommongoal:tostandforkindnesstogether.PayItForwardDayhelpsconductaseriesofgoodness___13___(feel)acrosstheglobe.PayItForwardDay,aworldwidecelebrationofkindness,___14___(create)in2010intheUnitedStates,workinghardtobringforward___15___conceptofpayingitforwardtotheworldatlarge.Weareexcitedthatwenowhaveover80countries___16___(participate)

inPayitForwardDaywithover100stateandcityproclamations.Ofcourse,____17____weallhopeisthatpeoplepaykindnessforwardeverydayandmakeeachdayalittlebitbrighter.Webelievethatsmallacts,whenmultipliedbymillionsofpeoplecan___18___(definite)haveadeepimpactontheworld—andonApril28thwe’llsetouttoproveit!Forthisyear'sinternationalPayitForwardDay(PIFD)weareaimingtoinspireover10millionactsofkindnessaroundtheworld.Imaginethe___19___(different)thatwouldmake!Joinus____20____payingitforwardandhelpspreadthewordaboutthisimportantday!5.（2022·遼寧·阜新蒙古族自治縣高級中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填上1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepeopleofKiunga,Kenya,havebeenforcedtodrink,cookandbatheindirtyand___21___(pollute)waterforyears.In2018,GivePower,anonprofitorganization___22___providessolarenergysolutionstoregionsthatneeditmost,installeditsfirst-eversolarwaterfarm,andit___23___(provide)cleanwaterto3,000peopleeverysingledaysofar.ThesolarwaterfarmturnsthesaltwateroftheIndianOcean___24___cleandrinkingwaterthroughadvancedfiltration(過濾)systems.Themainissueisthatwaterplantscostalot___25___(run),however,solarpanelshavehelpedsolvethisissue.GivePower’ssolarwaterfarmproducessolarenergyusing___26___(it)solarpanels.Theseareabletoproduce50kilowattsofenergyandpowertwowaterpumpsthatrun24___27___(hour)aday.Beforetheirsolarfarm___28___(build),thepeopleofKiungahadtotraveluptoonehouradayjusttogetaccesstocleandrinkingwater.“Just$20providesclean,healthy,freshwaterforonepersonfor___29___entiredecade!”GivePowerFoundationwroteonInstagram___30___(proud).6.（2022·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式（至多三個單詞）。TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeforthe2022OlympicandParalympicWinterGamessentathank-youlettertovolunteerapplicantswhowerenot____31____(previous)selectedandexpressedgratitudefortheirsupportinthepreparationworkoftheGames.ThelettersaystheCOVID-19pandemic____32____(bring)greatchallengestomanyaspectsofthepreparationwork,andthecommitteehasadjustedrequirementsforvolunteersin____33____(consider)ofviruscontrolandprevention.“____34____youwerenotselectedasavolunteeroftheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsandParalympics,everyapplicantis____35____excellentpromoterfortheOlympicspiritandvolunteerism,”thecommitteesaysintheletter.Manyapplicantssaidthey____36____(move)bythetouchingletterandpostedtheirrepliesonline.AnetizennamedJoleen-kunsaid____37____(they)applicationhadbeenseen,whichwassomethingtobeproudofastheywererespectedbythecommittee.AnothernetizenXigualicommentedthattheirenthusiasmhasbeenrespectedandthecommitteeiswarmtopayattentiontodetails,thus____38____(send)aletterlikethis.AccordingtotheBeijing2022OrganizingCommittee,morethan1millionpeopleappliedtoserve____39____volunteersandnearly20,000wereselected,mostof_____40_____arefromcollegesanduniversitiesinBeijingandHebeiProvince.7.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Englishperfectlyshowsthe“networkeffects”ofaglobaltongue:themorepeopleuseit,themoreusefulitis.Parentsexpecttheirchildren1.(master)English,whichisencouragingthe2.(grow)ofprivateschooling.EducationauthoritiesareswitchingtoEnglishmedium,inparttocontroltheoutflow(外流)ofchildrenintotheprivatesector.TeachingchildreninEnglishisfineifthatis3.theyspeakathomeandtheirparentsarefluent4.it.Butthatisnot5.caseinmostpublicandlow-costprivateschools.Childrenaretaughtinalanguagetheydon’tunderstandbyteachers6.Englishispoor.ThechildrenlearnneitherEnglishnoranythingelse.Researchshowsthatchildrenlearn7.(much)whentheyaretaughtintheirmothertonguethantheydowhentheyaretaughtinanyotherlanguage.Inastudyofchildrenin12schoolsinCameroonlastmonth,thosetaughtinKom8.(do)betterthanthosetaughtinEnglishinallsubjects.Englishshouldbeanimportantsubjectatschool,butnot9.(necessary)thelanguageofinstruction.RatherthanswitchingtoEnglish-mediumteaching,governmentsfearfulof10.(lose)custom(光顧)totheprivatesectorshouldlookatthemanypossiblewaysofimprovingpublicschools.8.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Pinyinisasuccessfultool,which11.(teach)inChinatoschoolkids.Itisnotmerelyusedbywesternerslikeus.IthasprovedtobeausefultoolforChinesepeople12.(they)tolearnstandardpronunciationintheirearlyeducation.Thefirststepistolearnhow13.(pronounce)eachletterinpinyincorrectlyandthemeaningofthetonemarkers.Thenyouhavetodo14.(drill)asmanyasyoucan.Turnthatintoagame.Itcanbe15.(much)funthanyouwouldexpect.Start16.singlesyllablesanddothatalotandthensyllablepairs.Slowlymoveontolargergroups.Understandtheinitial,finalandthetones.Butmostimportantly,17.youneedisgoodfeedback.You’dbetterhavesomeonethatcancorrectyourmistakesimmediately.FindanativeChinese,18.canlistentoyouandcorrectyou.IfyoutakeChineseclasses,theteacherwill19.(probable)haveyoudodrillseveryclass.Dothisveryseriously.Ifyouareself-studying,trytomeetnativeChinesepeopleandaskthemtogiveyousomefeedback.Otherwise,trytobeself-criticalandlistenverycarefully.Good20.(listen)ismorethan50%ofwhatittakestopronouncecorrectly.9.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HaveyouevermetanyoneofyouragefromAmerica?Doyouthinkyouwouldhavealot21.commonwiththemiddleschoolstudentsthere?Infact,therearelotsof22.(different).Forexample,classesinAmericanschoolsare23.(small)thanours.MostclassesinAmericahavenomorethan30students.MoststudentsintheUSdon’twearschooluniforms,andtheyneverdogroupexerciseseachdaythewaywedo.24.wedoexercisesinthemorningtogetherwillmakethemsurprised.Infact,ChinesestudentsandAmericanstudentshaveverydifferentlives.What’sthefirstthingyouthinkaboutwhenyougetupinthemorning?It’s25.(probable)yourlessonsats