初升高英語無憂銜接及新課預(yù)習(xí)（全國）銜接點08 主謂一致（原卷版）

銜接點08主謂一致（初高考點差異及銜接）初中要求語法一致原則：主語和謂語通常在語法形式上保持一致,即主語是單數(shù)形式時,謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時,謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。意義一致原則：意義一致又叫概念一致,即謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語所表達的概念。高中要求高中“主謂一致”主要學(xué)習(xí)句中主語的人稱和數(shù)的變化外，還要考慮到謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。主要從并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時與謂語的一致和單一主語情況下對謂語的要求，以及其他一些特殊情況下的主謂一致【初中主謂一致考點聚焦】1.Thereabigtreebehindtheshop.Youcanseemanybirdsinit.

A.is B.are C.was D.were2.NeitherSaturdaynorSundayOKbecauseIwillbebusythesetwodays.

A.are B.is C.am D.be3.Thispairofsockssoft.I'lltake.

A.feel;it B.feels;it C.feels;them4.ShewillflytoHaikouassoonasshethetask.

A.finish B.finishes C.finished5.—Let'seatsomesnacks.—Betternot.Eatinginthelibrary.

A.arenotallowed B.doesn'tallow C.isnotallowed6.Thispairofsockssoft.I'lltake.

A.feel;it B.feels;it C.feels;them7.ShewillflytoHaikouassoonasshethetask.

A.finish B.finishes C.finished8.Asweallknow,usingpublicchopsticksnecessarywhenweeatwithothers.

A.is B.are C.was9.Toavoidgathering(聚集),neitherthestudentsnortheirheadteachergoingtothepartythisevening.

A.was B.are C.is10.NotonlyJimbutalsoLucyafewcitiessincetheycametoChina.

A.willvisit B.visited C.havevisited D.hasvisited11.EveryoneexceptTomandJimgoingtovisitsomefriendsinShenzhen.

A.is B.are C.am12.Two-thirdsofthedesertinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.

A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.have D.has13.Thenumberofthevolunteersinourcity2,000.Andsixtypercentofthemteachersandstudents.

A.is;is B.is;are C.are;is D.are;are【高中主謂一致考點聚焦】考綱解讀在英語表達中，句子中的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致，我們稱之為“主謂一致”。要做到主謂一致，除了要考慮句中主語的人稱和數(shù)的變化外，還要考慮到謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。在這一章中，以主語的變化為主導(dǎo)，引出謂語的可歸納性變化。主要從并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時與謂語的一致和單一主語情況下對謂語的要求，以及其他一些特殊情況下的主謂一致三部分講解。典型例句：1.EitherheorIamwrong.不是他錯了，就是我錯了。2.ThesingeranddancercomesfromShanghai.那位歌舞演員來自上海。3.Anumberofstudentslikeplayingfootball.許多學(xué)生喜歡踢足球?？键c清單一、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時的主謂一致1.由and連接主語時由and連接的兩個或多個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語時，要根據(jù)并列主語所表達的意義或概念來確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，可以分為下列幾種情況。A.并列主語表示不同的人、物或概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。LiMingandZhangHuaaregoodstudents.李明和張華是好學(xué)生。Likemanyothers,thelittletrampandthenaughtyboyhaverushedthereissearchofgold.像許多其他人一樣，這個小流浪漢和這個頑皮的小男孩兒也趕到那兒去尋找金子。Bothriceandwheataregrowninthisarea.這個地區(qū)種植大米和小麥。（切記：both...and...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。）B.并列主語表示同一個人、物或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.那位教授兼作家正在會上發(fā)言。Ajournalistandauthorlivesonthesixthfloor.一位新聞記者兼作家住在6樓。HislawyerandformercollegefriendwaswithhimonhistriptoEurope.他的律師——他大學(xué)時代的朋友陪伴他去歐洲旅行。ThePremierandForeignMinisterwaspresentatthestatebanquet.總理兼外長出席了國宴。注意：指同一個人或物時，并列主語前只能用一個冠詞；如果指不同的人或物時，各個并列主語前需要分別加冠詞。但是當(dāng)作并列主語的兩個名詞具有對立的意思時，主語前用一個冠詞不會使人產(chǎn)生誤解。ThePremierandtheForeignMinisterarepresentatthestatebanquet.總理和外長都出席了國宴。Aboyandgirlareplayingtennis.一個男孩和一個女孩在一起打網(wǎng)球。C.并列主語前有each，every，manya，no等修飾語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Eachdoctorand(each)nurseworkinginthehospitalwasaskedtohelppatients.在這家醫(yī)院工作的每一位醫(yī)生和護士都要為病人提供幫助。Everyman,womanandchildisentitledtotakepartintheactivity.男人、女人和孩子都有權(quán)參與這項活動。Everyboyand(every)girladmireshimforhisfinesenseofhumour.所有的男孩和女孩都羨慕他那極好的幽默感。Manyaboyand(manya)girlhasmadethesamemistake.許多男孩和女孩都犯了同樣的錯誤。說明：manya...跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，意為“許多”。Manyastudentwasdisappointedafterseeingthemovie.許多學(xué)生看完這部電影之后都很失望。Noboyandnogirlistherenow.現(xiàn)在沒有任何男孩或女孩在那兒。D.并列主語作為不可分的整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Alawandruleaboutprotectingenvironmenthasbeendrawnup.（視“法規(guī)”為一個整體）一項關(guān)于環(huán)保的法規(guī)已經(jīng)制定出來了。Theknifeandforkhasbeenwashed.（視“刀叉”為一個整體）刀叉已經(jīng)洗好了。Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.（視“戰(zhàn)爭與和平”為一個整體）戰(zhàn)爭與和平是歷史永恒的主題。必背：常被視為一個整體的“AandB”結(jié)構(gòu)acupandsaucer一副杯碟ahorseandcart馬車aknifeandfork一副刀叉alawandrule法規(guī)aneedleandthread一套針線fishandchips炸魚加炸薯條2.由（either）...or或neither...nor等連接主語時由either...or，neither...nor，or，notonly...but(also)...連接主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采取就近一致原則，即與最靠近謂語動詞的主語保持一致。AorB（A或B……）謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與最靠近它的主語保持一致，在陳述句中與B保持一致，在疑問句中與A保持一致。EitherAorB（不是A就是B……）NeitherAnorB（A和B都不……）NotonlyAbutalsoB（不僅A……而且B……）EitheryouorJaneistobesenttoNewYork.要么你，要么簡將被派往紐約。Neitheryounorhehasfinishedtheexperiment.你和他都沒有完成實驗。重要：在口語中，neither...nor連接的句子中的謂語動詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這句話也可以說成：Neitheryounorhehavefinishedtheexperiment.Neithertheteachernorthestudentslikethispieceofmusic.老師和學(xué)生都不喜歡這首曲子。Notonlytheoldfarmerbutalsohisfamilywerefriendlytome.不僅是這位老農(nóng)夫，連他的家人都待我很好。Notonlyhisfriendsbutalsohehimselfislookingforwardtotakingpartintheparty.不僅是他的朋友，連他自己也盼著參加這場聚會。1.NotonlyJimbutalsohisparents_______(be)fondofplayingbasketball.2.Bothyouandhe_____(be)tohosttheTalentShowinourschoolthisyear?3.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_______(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.4.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______________(not,decide)yet.5.Whatweneed_______(be)enoughwater,butwhattheyneed_______(be)houses.6.Whatweusedtothink_______(be)impossiblenowdoesseempossible.7.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts___________(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.8.40%ofthepopulationinthatcountry________(be)young,andtwothirdsofthem_________(not)knowhowtoreadandwrite.9.hecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third__________(use)regularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.10.One-thirdofthecountry__________(cover)withtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_______(be)blackpeople.11.Butterandbread________(be)theirdailyfood,butthebreadandthebutter__________(eat)upsofar.12.Earlytobedandearlytorise__________(make)amanhealthy,happyandwise.13.In

our

country

every

boy

and

every

girl

________(have)the

right

to

receiveeducation.

14.Apoetandartist_______(be)comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteraturethisafternoon.15.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofearth________(wash)awayeachyear.16.--Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?---Becauselargequantitiesofwater__________(pollute).17.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______(be)fifty,butanumberofthem_______(be)absentfordifferentreasons.18.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads__________(keep)risingthesedays.19.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________(wear)eveningdress.21.Tommywasoneofthedoctorswho________(be)devotedtosavingpeople’slivesinWuHan.22.Thesummerholidayiscomingandweeach______(be)readyforthepicnicinthepastweeks.23."All_______(be)presentandall_______(be)goingonwell,"ourheadteachersaid.24.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_______________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.25–Didyougototheshowlastnight?–Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea___________(invite).26.Allthescientificevidence_____(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming_______(be)damagingourhealth.27.ItisI,who_______(be)yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.28.Itiscuttingdownoftreesthat________(destroy)thehabitatsofanimals.二、單一主語的主謂一致1.以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時A.有些表示學(xué)科名稱的詞，例如physics（物理），mathematics/maths（數(shù)學(xué)），economics（經(jīng)濟學(xué)），politics（政治學(xué)）等一般被看作形式是復(fù)數(shù)、意思是單數(shù)的詞。它們作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Asweknow,Physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.我們大家都知道，物理學(xué)是自然科學(xué)中的一門基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科。Mathematicsisarequiredcourseformiddleschoolstudents.數(shù)學(xué)是中學(xué)生的一門必修課。重要：當(dāng)mathematics表示“運算，計算”時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。Ifmymathematicsis/areright,theansweris56.如果我的運算正確，答案就是56。Einsteinoncesaid,“Politicsismuchmoredifficultthanphysics.”愛因斯坦曾說：“政治比物理更難?！毖a充：news（新聞），gymnastics（體操）等作主語時，謂語通常也要用單數(shù)形式。Thetelevisionnewsisat7o’clockintheeveningeveryday.每天晚上7點鐘有電視新聞。Gymnasticsismysister’sfavouritesport.體操是我妹妹最喜歡的運動。B.有些名詞如means（方法），works（工廠），crossroads（十字路口）等的單復(fù)數(shù)同形，因此需要根據(jù)其表達的是單數(shù)概念還是復(fù)數(shù)概念來確定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)。Theworkswasbuiltin1982.這座工廠是1982年建立的。Byfar,threesteelworkshavebeencloseddowninthiscity.目前為止，這座城市已有3家煉鋼廠關(guān)閉了。Thismeansoftransporthasbeentried.這種運輸方式已經(jīng)嘗試過了。Allpossiblemeanshavebeentired.所有可能的方法都試過了。補充：deer（鹿）和sheep（羊）也是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，因此當(dāng)它們作主語時，要根據(jù)其所表達的意義的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定謂語動詞的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)。C.由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。chopsticks筷子compasses圓規(guī)glasses眼鏡gloves手套jeans牛仔褲pants褲子（美國英語）scissors剪子shoes鞋shorts短褲socks短襪trousers褲子，長褲（英國英語）Mytrousersarewhiteandhisclothesareblack.我的褲子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。Whyareyourshoessodirty?你的鞋怎么這么臟？注意：如果這些詞由單位詞（pair，suit，piece，kind等）修飾時，則單位詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。Apairofscissorsislyinginthatdrawer.那個抽屜里有一把剪刀。Thesekindsofglassesarepopularthissummer.今夏很流行這些款式的眼鏡。D.表示國名、人名、書名、組織機構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語時，即使形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.美國是一個發(fā)達國家。TheNewYorkTimesiswidelyreadintheworld.《紐約晚報》在世界上被廣泛閱讀。E.以-s結(jié)尾的表示群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等的專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplants.喜馬拉雅山脈上的植物種類繁多。TheNiagaraFallsaresplendidwaterfalls.尼亞加拉大瀑布是美麗的瀑布。切記：以下是一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，它們作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。belongings財產(chǎn)clothes衣服earnings收入goods貨物leavings剩余savings儲蓄A(yù)llthegoodsareveryexpensive.所有的貨物都很貴。2.集體名詞作主語時A.mankind，humanity，man作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Onlymanknowshowtocook.只有人類懂得烹飪。B.people，police，cattle，youth等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thepoliceareinvestigatingtheriot.警察在調(diào)查這起暴亂事件。Thecattlearegrazinginthefield.牛（群）正在牧場吃草。C.family，crowd等作主語時，需根據(jù)情況確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。集體名詞army，assembly，audience，band，club，committee，company，congress，crew，crowd，enemy，family，gang，government，group，herd，jury，population，public，team等作主語時，若強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若強調(diào)個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThefamilyisgoingtomovetoNewYork.（強調(diào)整體）這一家要搬到紐約去。Thefamilyhavedifferentopinionsabouttheirgoingabroad.（強調(diào)家庭成員）這一家人對搬往國外持有不同的看法。Thefootballclubcommitteearrangesallthematches.（強調(diào)整體）足球俱樂部委員會安排了所有的比賽。Thefootballclubcommitteehavedecidedtodismisshim.（強調(diào)委員會成員）足球俱樂部委員會決定解雇他。比較：afamily，group，class作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。families，groups，classes作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Agroupiscomingtothezoo.一隊人正朝動物園走來。3.非謂語動詞形式或從句作主語時A.非謂語動詞形式或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Toimproveagriculturallandneedsalotofmoney.（不定式作主語）改善耕地質(zhì)量需投入大量資金。Toseeistobelieve.（不定式作主語）百聞不如一見。Swimmingisagoodwaytokeephealth.（動詞-ing形式作主語）游泳是個健身的好方法。Howtheywillsolvetheproblemremainstobeseen.（從句作主語）他們怎樣解決這個問題還需拭目以待。Whethershewillcomeisnotknown.（從句作主語）她是否回來尚不得知。B.多個非謂語動詞或從句作主語時，如果表達的是一個概念，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式；如果表達的是不同的概念，謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisgoodforyourhealth.（表達一個概念）早睡早起有益于身體健康。Readingbooksandplayingtabletennisaremygreatpleasure.（表達兩個概念）讀書、打乒乓球是我最大的快樂。Listening,speaking,readingandwritingareallimportant.（表達四個概念）聽、說、讀、寫都很重要。Tobestrictwithoneselfandtobekindtoothersaregoodqualitiesofaperson.（表達兩個概念）嚴于律己和寬厚待人都是良好的品德。1.Herfamily_________(be)largerthanmineandherfamily__________(watch)TVnow.2.Afterhearinghisinspiringspeech,theaudience_____________(move)byhisstoryandhiswords.3.Thecommittee_________(make)upof20members,who_________(be)allexpertsinmedicine.4.Thepolice_____________(search)forthemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.5.Everypossiblemeans____________(try)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.6.Allpossiblemeans____________(try)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.7.Theelderly_____________(take)

goodcareofinourcountryatpresent.8.Threeyears___________(pass)sincetheymetlasttime,andforthem,threeyears_____(be)reallyalongtime.9.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which___________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens,statusasaleadingnovelist.三、其他情況的主謂一致1.表示距離等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時表示距離、時間、長度、金額、質(zhì)量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，常被看作整體，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。這類復(fù)數(shù)名詞有：miles，dollars，pounds，kilograms，kilometres，centimetres，millimetres，seconds，hours，years等。Fivedollarsseemsafairprice.5美元是個公道的價格。Twokilometresisnotveryfarfortheyoungman.對這位年輕人來說，兩千米不算遠。Fivehoursisashorttimeforsuchadifficultjob.要完成如此艱難的動作，5個小時太短了。重要：算式中的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，有時也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Fivetimeseightis/areforty.5乘以8等于40。Fourandeightmakes/maketwelve.4加8等于12。Sixtyminussevenleavesfifty-three.60減7等于53。Forty-eightdividedbysixiseight.48除以6等于8。如果強調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.100美分就是一美元。Morethantwentyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.他們夫妻已經(jīng)共同走過了20多年。2.everyone等不定代詞作主語時everyone，something等不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。這類不定代詞有：Everyoneintheclasswassurprisedatthenews.聽到這則消息，班里每一個人都震驚了。Listen!Someoneisknockingatthedoor.聽！有人在敲門。Isanyonegoingtotellhimthenews?有誰打算告訴他這則消息嗎？3.(each)oneof...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時eachoneof...，everyoneof...，anyoneof...等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，可歸納為：one+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞的單數(shù)形式eacheveryoneeachoneanyone說明：of之后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞不是主語而是介詞of的賓語，而of前面的one，everyone等才是主語，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Eachofthegirlinourclasshasaballoon.我們班的每個女孩都有一個氣球。Eachofthestudentswasaskedtospeakforthreeminutes.每個學(xué)生都要作3分鐘的發(fā)言。Everyoneofthemisfamiliartome.我對他們都很熟悉。重要：each和every修飾主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但each作復(fù)數(shù)主語的同位語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Each/Everyboyinourclasshasaskateboard.我們班的每個男孩都有一副滑板。Theyeachhaveaskateboard.他們每個人都有一副滑板。Each/EverystudenthasanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.每個學(xué)生都有一本英漢詞典。ThestudentseachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.學(xué)生每人都有一本英漢詞典。4.noneof...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時none+of+不可數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞的單數(shù)形式none+of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)代詞+謂語動詞的單數(shù)形式或復(fù)數(shù)形式neithereitherNoneofthatmoneyinthedeskishis.（不可數(shù)名詞）書桌里的那筆錢不是他的。Noneofhisclassmatesknowsthetruth.（可數(shù)名詞）=Noneofhisclassmatesknowthetruth.他的同學(xué)們都不知道真相。Noneoftheboysherelikesdancing.=Noneoftheboysherelikedancing.這兒的男孩們都不喜歡跳舞。Neitherofthestatementsistrue.=Neitherofthestatementsaretrue.兩種說法中沒有一種是真實的。Eitherofthequalificationsisacceptable.=Eitherofthequalificationsareacceptable.=Eitherqualificationisacceptable.兩種資格證明之中的任何一種都可以接受。切記：neither或either作形容詞與單數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。5.分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)代詞+謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+單數(shù)名詞/單數(shù)代詞+謂語動詞的單數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞Twothirdsofthestudentssupporttheplan.三分之二的學(xué)生支持這項計劃。Onetenthofthemaresufferingfromthiskindofillness.他們之中有十分之一的人正遭受著這種疾病的折磨。Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.地球表面四分之三是海洋。EightypercentoftheemployeesinthecompanyarefromBeijing.這個公司80%的員工是北京人。Thirtypercentofitsareaisfloodedeachyear.全國30%的地區(qū)年年遭受洪災(zāi)。6.more(...)thanone...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時more(...)thanone+單數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞的單數(shù)形式more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone+謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式morethantwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式Morethanonewhiterosehasbloomedinthegarden.=Morewhiterosesthanonehavebloomedinthegarden.花園里不止一朵白玫瑰開花了。Morethantwowhiteroseshavebloomed.已經(jīng)有兩朵以上的白玫瑰開花了。7.a/thenumberof...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞的單數(shù)形式AnumberoftreesaregreeninApril.四月里許多樹都綠了。AgreatnumberoftouristshavebeentotheGreatWall.許多游客都去過長城。Alargenumberofworkerswereoutofworkbecausethefactorywasdestroyedinflood.由于工廠在洪災(zāi)中被毀壞，很多工人失業(yè)了。Thenumberofstudentsinthecomputerclassislimitedtoten.上計算機課的學(xué)生數(shù)目被限定為10。Thenumberofworkerswhowereoutofworkwas1,000.失業(yè)工人的數(shù)目有1000。比較：anumberof意為“許多”；thenumberof意為“……的數(shù)目”。8.there/here...引導(dǎo)句子時由there和here引導(dǎo)的句子，主語不止一個時，謂語動詞一般和鄰近的那個主語保持一致。Therearesomechairsandatableintheroom.房間里有一些椅子和一張桌子。Thereisatableandsomechairsintheroom.房間里有一張桌子和一些椅子。Therearetwopensandabookhere.這兒有兩支鋼筆、一本書。Thereisabookandtwopenshere.這兒有一本書、兩支鋼筆。Herearesomegiftsforyou.這兒有給你的一些禮物。Hereisabook,apenandsomepaperforyou.這兒有你的一本書、一支鋼筆和一些紙。1.Thefollowing_______(be)someotherexamplesforyoutoreferto. 2.There_______(be)millionsofwebsitesontheInternetandthere_______(be)alotofusefulinformationonthewebsites.3.Inthe1980s,buriedinthesands________(be)anancientvillage,likeatimecapsule.9.“A+with/but等+B”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時當(dāng)主語后面接用來說明主語的修飾語，如with，alongwith，togetherwith，but，besides，except，like，including，inadditionto，aswellas，ratherthan等時，謂語動詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍然同主語保持一致。即“A+with/but/aswellas+B”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與A保持一致。Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothenationasagift.一座有5000冊書的圖書館被作為禮物送給了這個國家。Theteacher,alongwithherstudents,isgoingtoattendthelecture.老師和她的學(xué)生將要去聽報告。Apeasant,togetherwithsomesoldiers,isabouttohelpus.一個農(nóng)民和一些士兵即將來幫助我們。Allbutonehavearrivedhere.除了一個人之外所有的人都在這兒了。Nooneexcepttwostudentswaslateforclassyesterday.昨天，除了兩名學(xué)生外，再沒有其他人上課遲到了。Thegarage,inadditiontothehouse,wasburned.車庫和房子全都被燒毀了。Sheaswellastheothergirlsisgoingtoanothersupermarket.她和其他女孩打算去另一個超市。YouaswellasIarewrong.不光我，你也錯了。Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsible.不是兄弟們，而是父親應(yīng)當(dāng)負責(zé)任。說明：ratherthan通常用于平行結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“不是……而是……”。1.Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers______________(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.2.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,_____________(give)awelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,_____________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.10.“the+形容詞”作主語時“the+形容詞”作主語時，需根據(jù)情況確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)表示抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。這類形容詞有old，young，living，dead，rich，poor，deaf，blind，dumb等。Theinjuredwerecarriedawayonstretchers.受傷的人被人用擔(dān)架給抬走了。Theoldaremorelikelytocatchcoldthantheyoung.老年人比年輕人更容易感冒。Therichareforthedecisionbutthepoorareagainstit.=Richpeopleareforthedecisionbutpoorpeopleareagainstit.富人們支持這項決議，而窮人們反對它。Theyoungarealwaysfullofvitality.年輕人總是充滿了活力。Theunknownisalwayssomethingtobefeared.未知的東西總是令人害怕。Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthegood,andthegoodisnotalwaysthetrue.美未必是善，善未必是真。Thetrueistobedistinguishedfromthefalse.真應(yīng)與假相的區(qū)別。Thegoodiswhatpeoplelike.人們總是喜歡美好的東西。（good指“美”，表示單數(shù)意義）Inmanystories,thegoodarewellrewardedandthebadarepunished.在很多故事中，好人有好報，壞人有壞報。（good指“好人”，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義）基礎(chǔ)題一．語法選擇2021istheyearoftheox(牛).InMarch,asetofstampsaboutthefamousTangDynastypainting,FiveOxen,cameout.It1morepeopletobetterknowthegreatartofancientChina,aswellastheimportanceofagriculture(農(nóng)業(yè))inhistory.

HanHuang(723-787)wasthepainterofFiveOxen.HeworkedasagovernmentofficialintheTangDynasty.Hispaintings2bymanybecausetheanimalshepaintedweresoalive.Unluckily,FiveOxenisprobablyhisonlypaintingleft.

FiveOxenisoneofthebestanimalpaintingsinChina'sarthistory.Inthepainting,thefiveoxen3inaline.Theyareofdifferentcolorsandshapes.Andeach4adifferentappearance(形態(tài)),walkingorstanding,holdingtheirheadshighorlow.Withlivelyexpressionsandbrighteyes,theoxenshowthespiritofdoinghardworkwithoutcomplaints(抱怨).Asthenamesuggests,thepaintingisofthefiveoxenwithnospecialbackground.Itmakespeoplefocus(關(guān)注)ontheoxenthemselves.

Thepaintingwasmissingin1900.Luckily,itreturnedtoChinaduringtheearly1950s.However,itwasterriblybrokenwithmanyholesinit.Greateffortsweremadetosaveit.NowFiveOxen,probablytheoldestChinesepaintingonpaper,5withcareinthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.

1.A.allow B.allows C.allowed2.A.love B.wasloved C.wereloved3.A.is B.are C.were4.A.have B.has C.had5.A.kept B.iskept C.arekept二、語法選擇Afternearlyfiveyearsofconstruction(建設(shè)),theBeijingDaxingInternationalAirport1onSept.25,2019.Fiveyears2reallynotalongtimeforbuildingsuchabigairport.SeatedinthesouthofBeijing,itistheworld'slargesttransportationhub(樞紐).TheGuardianlisteditasoneofthe“sevenwondersofthemodernworld”.

GardensThere3fivegardensattheendoffiveboarding(登機)gates.Attheendofthenorthernboardinggate4theChinesegarden.ThereareChinese-stylebuildingsinit.Peoplecanhangoutinthegardenwhilewaitingfortheirflights.

FlightterminalTheairportisverylarge.Ithastheworld'slargestflightterminal(航站樓)inasinglebuilding.Thebuilding5anareaof700,000squaremeters—thesizeof98soccerfields.Thenumberofpassengershereeachyear6morethan100million.Theterminallookslikeastarfish.Thedistancebetweenthecentralareaandthefarthestboardinggate7600meters.Itonly8eightminutestowalkbetweenthetwo.

ParkinglotTheparkinglotisinthesouthernpartoftheairport.It'sclosetotheflightterminal.Arobot-operatedparkingsystem9used.Afterdrivers10theircars,robotswillliftthecarsandcarrythemtoanopenparkingspace.Whencollecting(領(lǐng)取)theircars,driverscanusetheirparkingticketstogetinformationonwheretofindtheircars.

1.A.isopen B.areopen C.wasopen D.wereopen2.A.is B.are C.was D.were3.A.is B.are C.was D.were4.A.is B.are C.was D.were5.A.have B.has C.willhave D.had6.A.is B.are C.was D.were7.A.is B.are C.was D.were8.A.take B.takes C.spend D.spends9.A.is B.are C.was D.were10.A.park B.parks C.willpark D.parked提高題一．單句語法填空1.Since2016whenthecompany________(found),ChopValuehasrescuedbillionsofchopsticksfromlandfills.2.Theformationofeachceladon________(be)aprocessoflifecasting.Onlyafterbeingburntataround1300℃for400hourscanitbemadeintoanobject.3.What________(make)peoplemovedisnotthefilmitselfbuttheheroesofthewaryears.4.However,associety________(progress),therapidriseinincomesandhigherlivingstandardswillseemoreChinesesearchingforexperiencesthatareanythingbuttraditional.5.Whilewecan'tguardagainstallmisfortunesanddiseases,gettingtoknowsomefirstaidskills________(be)quiteuseful.6.Readingarticlesandshortposts________(play)animportantroleinintegratingknowledgeandachievements.7.Onthatday,there