2024屆新高考英語一輪復(fù)習題型：閱讀理解37

(37)閱讀理解一2024屆新高考英語一輪復(fù)習題型滾動練

1.InaclassroominruralKenya*sRiftValleyProvince,astudenttakesnotesalongsideher

fellowclassmates.Shewearsthesameschooluniform-agreyskirtandagreensweater.

However,sheismorethan80yearsolderthanthem.PriscillaSitienei,whoturned99-years-

oldonFebruary11,saidshewentbacktoclasstosetagoodexampleforhergreat-

grandchildrenandtostartanewcareer,"rdliketobecomeadoctorbecauseIusedtobea

midwife(助產(chǎn)士)Jshesaid,addingthatherchildrenweresupportiveofherdecision.

Backin2003,thegovernmentoftheEastAfricancountrybegananeducationcampaignto

helptopayforthecostofprimaryschooling,allowingsomeoldermembersofsocietywho

hadmissedoutoneducationintheiryoungerdaystocontinuetheirdreams.Thishasgiven

Sitieneimorethananeducation.She'salsobecomeafilmstar.ShetraveledtoParislastyear

forthefirstshowingofafilmaboutherjourneytitled"Gogo",whichmeans"grandmother"

inhernativeKalenjinlanguage.ShellalsobeheadingtoNewYorkCitysoonforthelaunch

ofthefilmthere.

Sitienei,whoisinhersixthyearofprimaryschool,saidheraimswerefarmorepractical

thanbecomingamoviestar.Shehadtheideawhenhergreat-granddaughterdroppedoutof

schoolaftergettingpregnant,"Ijokinglyaskedherifshehadanymoneyremainingonher

schoolfeeandshesaidyes,soItoldherthatI'duseittoattendschool."Shesaidshehad

hopedthathergreat-granddaughterwouldcontinuewithherstudies.Butwhensherefused,

Sitieneidecidedtogotoschoolherself.

Sitieneialsoenjoysotherschoolactivities,includingphysicaleducationclasses."Itkeeps

mefit.Igettojumparound,eventhoughnotasmuchastheycando,butIatleastmovemy

body.That'smyjoy,"shesaid.

HerteachersuseSitienefswideexperiencetokeepthepeaceduringlessons."Iappointed

Sitieneitohelpcontroltheclass.Anditworks.WhenIgooutside,theclassremainssilent,"

saidLeonidaTalaam,herclassteacher.

l.HowdoesPriscillaSitieneidifferfromherclassmates?

A.Thelearningapproach.B.Thedressingstyle.

C.Studyefficiency.D.Physicalage.

2.WhyareParisandNewYorkCitymentionedinparagraph2?

A.Tbshowthedailyroutinesofafilmstar.

B.TostateSitieneiisreallyfondoftraveling.

C.ToindicatetheeffectsoftheeducationcampaignonSitienei.

D.Tbexplainthehardworkittakestomakedreamscometrue.

3.WhichwordbestdescribesSitienei?

A.Active.B.Passive.C.Independent.D.Intelligent.

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSitieneifromthelastparagraph?

A.Shehatesnoiseinclassverymuch.

B.Sheisagoodhelpertoherclassteacher.

C.Shealwaysenjoysstayinginsilencealone.

D.Sheoftenreplacesherteachertogivelessons.

2.Virtualreality(VR)isalreadywidespreadinvariousfields.Butwhilevisionand

hearinginterfaces(接口)areextremelyadvanced,andtouch,or"haptics,"Isimproving,one

keysensehasbeenmissingfromthevirtualworld:smell.

Thatmaybeabouttochange.EngineerXingeYuoftheCityUniversityofHongKong

andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedalightweight,flexibleandwirelesssmellinterfacethat

canpreciselydeliversmellssuchaspineappleorgreenteatoVRusersandmorefully

immersetheminscentedvirtualworlds.

Previoussmellinterfaceshavetypicallyusedbottlesofliquidperfume,anatomizer(a

devicethatturnsliquidsintoafinemist)andsomemethodofblowingtheatomizeddroplets

out.Thisworks,butitisrigidandhaslimitedoperatingtimebetweenrefills,anditdocsnot

easilyallowforcontrollingintensity.Thesedrawbackshavemadethedeviceslesspractical

forVRsystems.

Thenewdesignusessmallwaxpadsfilledwithscentsthatareheatedbyanelectrode(電

極)toreleaseasmell.Athermistorsensesthetemperature,whichcontrolsthesmelFs

intensity.Thestudydescribestwodifferentdeviceformats.Thefirstissmallenoughthatit

canbestucktoauser'stoplip,butitincludesonlytwosmellgenerators.Thesecondisworm

likeafacemaskandhasnine.Botharecustomizablewithaselectionof30smells,including

ginger,clove,mojitoandcoconutmilk.Differentcombinationscanbeblendedatvarying

intensitiestocreatethousandsofpossiblefragrances.

ThestudyincludesdemonstrationsofpossibleapplicationsbeyondjustenhancingVR,

includingcommunicatingmessagesbysmellandarousingemotions.Theresearcherssuggest

thedevicescouldevenbeusedtoceasedepressedmoodorpromoterecallinpeoplewithage-

relatedcognitivedecline."Scentisdirectlyconnectedtotheemotionalandmemorypartsof

thebrain,sotherearealotofapplicationsrelatedtowell-beingandhealth,"Amoressays.

l.Whatsthefunctionofparagraph1?

A.TogiveadefinitionofVRB.TointroducethechangeinVR

C.ToshowtheimportanceofVRD.ToemphasizetheexistinguseofVR

2.Whichistheadvantageofthenewinterfaces?

A.Theycanonlybewornasafacemask.

B.Theyallowpeopletocontrolthesmellintensity.

C.Theyhavelimitedoperatingtimebetweenfills.

D.Theyhavetypicallyusedbottlesofliquidperfume.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthenewinterfacesare"customizable"?

A.Theyarereadyforsale.

B.Theyhaveaselectionof30smells.

C.Theycanbeblendedatvaryingintensities.

D.Theycanbedesignedtomeetdifferentneeds.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thedesignofthestudy.B.Theadvantagesofthestudy.

C.Theapplicationsofthestudy.D.Thedisadvantagesofthestudy.

3.BanffNationalParkisCanada'sfirstbornnationalparkandwasrecognizedin1885.

LocatedintheRockyMountainsofAlberta,Banffincludes6,641squarekilometersof

glaciersandicefields,thickconiferousforest,andalpine（高山的）scenery.TheIcefields

ParkwayspreadsfromLakeLouise,connectingtoJasperNationalParkinthenorth.

ProvincialforestsandYohoNationalParkareneighborstothewestwhileKootenayNational

Parkissituatedtothesouth.ThemaincommercialcenteroftheparkistheTownofBanff,in

theBowRivervalley.

TheCanadianPacificRailwaywascontributoryinBanffsearlyyears,buildingtheBanff

SpringsHotelandFairmontChateauLakeLouiseintheparkandattractingtouriststhrough

widespreadadvertising.Intheearly20thcentury,roadswerebuiltinBanff,attimesby

prisonersofWorldWarI,andthroughGreatDepression-erapublicworksprojects.AsBanff

hasoverthreemillionvisitorsannually,thehealthofitsecologyhasbeenendangered.Inthe

mid-1990s,ParksCanadalaunchedatwo-yearstudytopreserveecologicalintegrity.

BanffNationalParkhasasubarcticclimate（副極地氣彳院）withthreeecoregions.The

forestsfeaturethelodgepolepineatlowerheightsandtheEngelmannspruceathigherones

belowthetreeline,abovewhicharechieflyrocksandice.Mammal（哺乳動物）speciessuch

asthegrizzlybear,cougar,wolverine,mooseandbighornsheeparefoundalongwith

hundredsofbirdspecies.Reptiles（爬行動物）arealsofoundbutonlyarestrictednumberof

specieshavebeenrecorded.

Themountainswereformedfromsedimentaryrocks（沉積巖）whichwerepushedeastover

newerrockformations,between80and55millionyearsago.Overthepreviousfewmillion

years,glaciershaveattimescoveredmostofthepark,buttodayarefoundonlyonthe

mountainsidesthoughtheyincludetheColumbiaIcefield,thelargestcontinuousglacialmass

intheRockies.Erosion（侵蝕）fromwaterandicehasmoldedthemountainsintotheir

existingshapes.

l.WhatcanweinferaboutBanffNationalPark?

A.Itwasbuiltmainlybyprisoners.

B.ItistheoldestnationalparkinCanada.

C.Itisconnectedtothreeotherprovincialparks.

D.Itfailedtosatisfyvisitors1demandforcommercialactivities.

2.WhatwasacontributionoftheCanadianPacificRailway?

A.BuildingroadsinBanff.

B.ConstructinghotelsinBanff.

C.PreservingtheecologyofBanff.

D.ProvidingmultiplerailwaylinesforBanff.

3.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.ThebiodiversityofBanff.B.Thelimitedknowledgeofreptiles.

C.ThecomplexclimatesystemofBanff.D.Themammals*severelivingconditions.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"molded"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

A.Stuck.B.Broken.C.Formed.D.Followed.

4.1hadalwaysdreamedoflivingandworkinginNewYork,whichpromisedendless

opportunities.ButassoonasIarrived,Irealizedthatmyjourneywasgoingtobefilledwith

countlesssetbacksandchallenges.

MyfirstmajorfailurecamewhenIlandedmydreamjobatafamouscompany.However,

afterjustafewmonths,Iwasletgoduetobudgetcuts.Iwasshockedandfeltlikeallofmy

hardworkhadbeenfornothing.

Determinedtobounceback,Iappliedforanewjobatanothercompany.Thistime,

thingsseemedtobegoingbetter.Iwasmakingprogressandgainingvaluableexperience,but

thenIwassuddenlylaidoffagainduetocompanyrestructuring.

Feelingdefeatedandhopeless,Idecidedtotakeabreakfromthejobsearchandfocuson

self-improvement.Ienrolledincoursesandattendedworkshopstolearnnewskillsand

expandmyknowledge.Butevenwithallofthiseffort,Istillcouldn'tfindtherightjob.

Oneday,whilesearchingonlinejoblistings,Ifoundanopportunitythatseemedtoogood

tobetrue.Itwasaremotepositionthatofferedacompetitivesalaryandflexiblehours.

Withouthesitation,IappliedandwasthrilledwhenIreceivedanofferletter.

However,assoonasIstartedworkingremotely,Irealizedthatitwasn'tthesameas

beinginanofficewithcolleagues（同事）aroundme.Istruggledtocommunicateeffectively

andfounditdifficulttostaymotivatedwithoutthesupportofmyteam.

Despitethesechallenges,Irefusedtogiveup.Ireachedouttomycolleaguesandtriedto

buildrelationshipswiththemthroughvirtualmeetingsandsocialmedia.Withtheirhelpand

encouragement,Iwasabletoadapttothenewenvironmentandexcelinmyrole.Looking

backonmyjourney,Irealizedthatsuccessisnotaboutavoidingfailure,butratherabout

learningfromitandperseveringthroughthetoughtimes.Iencouragedotherswhomaybe

facingsimilarchallengesintheirowncareerstonevergiveupontheirdreamsandtokeep

pushingforwardevenwhenthingsgettough.

l.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthisjourneywhenhearrived?

A.Better.B.Promising.C.Tough.D.Well-paid.

2.Whatcausedhimtobelaidoffbythefirstcompany?

A.Companyrestructuring.B.Financialproblems.

C.Beingshortofskills.D.Workingattitude.

3.Whydidtheauthorkeepintouchwithhiscolleagues?

A.Hewantedthemnottogiveup.

B.Hewantedtogetsupportfromthem.

C.Hewantedtobebetterthanthem.

D.Hewantedtoholdameetingwiththem.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Perseverant.B.Modest.C.Imaginative.D.Generous.

5.Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedby

theGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it'sbecomeso

widelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth-adiagnostictoolusedby

physiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,it

turnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn't,infact,correct~~or,toputitmoreaccurately,

humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.

Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedto

runlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm（標準）sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJuliePar-sonnet,

MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamorein-depth

studytocomparemodemmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybody

temperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.

Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistorical

periods.Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmen

bominthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthose

bomintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃

comparedtothoseborninthe1890s.

Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisa

reductioninthehumanmetabolicrate（代謝率）duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibility

isthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceof

inflammations（炎癥）,whichpromotemetabolism.Thiscombinedwithpeoplelivingmore

comfortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn'thavetoworkas

hardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.

"Theenvironmentthatwe'relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinour

homes,ourcontactwithmicroorganisms（微生物）andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.All

thesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsiderhumanbeingsasthesameforallofhuman

evolution,we'renotthesame.We'reactuallychangingphysiologically,"Parsonnetsaid.

1.WhatisCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich'sachievement?

A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.

B.Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodytemperature.

C.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.

D.Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperature.

2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam'sstudy?

A.Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.

B.Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.

C.Itcomparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.

D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?

A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.

B.Thecontactwithothercreatures.

C.Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.

D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.

4.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Whatexactlyisnormalhumanbodytemperature?

B.Whydoeshumanbodytemperatureneedmeasuring?

C.Humanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyears

D.Humanbodytemperaturechangeswiththeenvironment

答案以及解析

1.

L答案：D

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"However,sheismorethan80yearsolderthan

them."可知,PriscillaSitienei的年紀已經(jīng)很大了，這是她與其他學生的不同之處。故選

Do

2.答案：C

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這個東非國家的政府執(zhí)行的教育運動給Sitienei

帶來的不僅僅是教育，這也是她有機會去巴黎和紐約的原因。故選C。

3.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Sitieneidecidedtogotoschoolherself"和第四段中

的"Sitieneialsoenjoysotherschoolactivities,includingphysicaleducationclasses.“可

知,Sitienei是一個很積極的人。故選A。

4.答案:B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"'IappointedSitieneitohelpcontroltheclass.

Anditworks.WhenIgooutside,theclassremainssilent,'saidLeonidaTalaam,herclass

teacher.”可知,Sitienei在幫助維持班級秩序方面很有作用，是班主任的好幫手。故選B。

2.

L答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Virtualreality（VR）isalreadywidespreadin

variousfields.Butwhilevisionandhearinginterfaces（接口）areextremelyadvanced,

andtouch,or"haptics,"Isimproving,onekeysensehasbeenmissingfromthevirtual

world：smell.（虛擬現(xiàn)實（VR）已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于各個領(lǐng)域。但是，雖然視覺和聽覺界

面非常先進，觸覺或“觸覺”也在改善，但虛擬世界中缺少一種關(guān)鍵的感覺：嗅覺。）

可知第1段的作用是介紹VR的變化。故選Bo

2.答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Thenewdesignusessmallwaxpadsfilledwith

scentsthatareheatedbyanelectrode（電極）toreleaseasmell.Athermistorsensesthe

temperature,whichcontrolsthesmell'sintensity.（這種新的設(shè)計使用了裝滿氣味的小蠟

墊，通過電極加熱來釋放氣味。熱敏電阻感應(yīng)溫度，從而控制氣味的強度。）可知新

界面的優(yōu)勢在于，它們允許人們控制氣味的強度。故選B。

3.答案：D

解析：猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章第四段Thefirstissmallenoughthatitcanbestucktoa

user'stoplip,butitincludesonlytwosmellgenerators.Thesecondiswormlikeaface

maskandhasnine.Botharecustomizablewithaselectionof30smells,includingginger,

clove,mojitoandcoconutmilk.Differentcombinationscanbeblendedatvaryingintensities

tocreatethousandsofpossiblefragrances.（第一個足夠小，可以粘在用戶的上唇，但它

只包括兩個氣味發(fā)生器。第二個是蠕蟲狀的面具，有九個。兩者都可以定制30種氣

味，包括生姜，丁香，莫吉托和椰子汁。不同的組合可以以不同的強度混合，創(chuàng)造出

數(shù)千種可能的香味。）可知作者所說的新界面是“可定制的“，意思是它們可以被設(shè)計

來滿足不同的需求。ATheyarereadyforsale.它們可以出售了；B.Theyhaveaselection

of30smells.他們有30種氣味可供選擇；C.Theycanbeblendedatvaryingintensities.Is

們可以以不同的強度混合；D.Theycanbedesignedtomeetdifferentneeds.它們可以被設(shè)

計來滿足不同的需求。故選D。

4.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Thestudyincludesdemonstrationsofpossible

applicationsbeyondjustenhancingVR,includingcommunicatingmessagesbysmelland

arousingemotions.Theresearcherssuggestthedevicescouldevenbeusedtocease

depressedmoodorpromoterecallinpeoplewithage-relatedcognitivedecline.（這項研究

包括除了增強虛擬現(xiàn)實之外的可能應(yīng)用演示，包括通過氣味傳達信息和喚起情緒。研

究人員表示，這些設(shè)備甚至可以用于緩解抑郁情緒或促進與年齡相關(guān)的認知衰退患者

的回憶。）可知從最后一段我們了解到這項研究的應(yīng)用。故選C。

3.

L答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，班夫國家公園是加拿大第一個國家公園，即

它是加拿大最古老的國家公園。故選B。

2.答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的"TheCanadianPacificRailway...buildingthe

BanffSpringsHotelandFairmontChateauLakeLouiseinthepark"可知，加拿大太平洋鐵路

公司在班夫國家公園的貢獻是建設(shè)了兩家酒店。故選B。

3.答案：A

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的"asubarcticclimatewiththreeecoregions""the

lodgepolepine""theEngelmannspruce""Mammalspecies""Reptiles"等關(guān)鍵信息可知，本

段主要描述了班夫國家公園的生物多樣性。故選A。

4.答案：C

解析：詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句子的意思為"水和冰的侵蝕把這些山塑造成了現(xiàn)在的

形狀”，故畫線詞與form為同義詞，意為“形成"。故選C。

4.

L答案：C

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段ButassoonasIarrived,Irealizedthatmyjourneywas

goingtobefilledwithcountlesssetbacksandchallenges.（但是，當我到達時，我意識到

我的旅程將充滿無數(shù)的挫折和挑戰(zhàn)。）可知，作者意識到自己的旅程充滿無數(shù)的挫折

和挑戰(zhàn)，即作者覺得自己的旅程是艱難的。故選C。

2.答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中MyfirstmajorfailurecamewhenIlandedmydream

jobatafamouscompany.However,afterjustafewmonths,Iwasletgoduetobudgetcuts.

（我的第一次重大失敗發(fā)生在我得到了一份夢寐以求的名企工作后。然而，僅僅幾個

月后，由于預(yù)算削減，我被解雇了。）可知，由于公司的預(yù)算削減（即經(jīng)濟問題），

所以作者被解雇了。故選B。

3.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Istruggledtocommunicateeffectivelyandfoundit

difficulttostaymotivatedwithoutthesupportofmyteam.（我努力有效地溝通，發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有

團隊的支持很難保持積極性。）”以及最后一段中"Despitethesechallenges,Irefusedto

giveup.Ireachedouttomycolleaguesandtriedtobuildrelationshipswiththemthrough

virtualmeetingsandsocialmedia.Withtheirhelpandencouragement,Iwasabletoadaptto

thenewenvironmentandexcelinmyrole.（盡管有這些挑戰(zhàn)，我拒絕放棄。我聯(lián)系了同

事，并試圖通過虛擬會議和社交媒體與他們建立關(guān)系。在他們的幫助和鼓勵下，我能

夠適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境，并在我的角色中表現(xiàn)出色。）可知，作者之所以要與同事們保持聯(lián)

系，是因為作者發(fā)現(xiàn)在遠程辦公中沒有同事的支持是很難保持積極性的，所以他試圖

通過虛擬會議和社交媒體與他們建立關(guān)系。得到他們的幫助和鼓勵，適應(yīng)新工作。

A.Hewantedthemnottogiveup.他希望他們不要放棄；B.Hewantedtogetsupport

fromthem他希望得到他們的支持；C.Hewantedtobebetterthanthem.他想比他們做

得更好；D.Hewantedtoholdameetingwiththem他想和他們開個會。故選B。

4.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中"Determinedtobounceback,Iappliedforanewjobat

anothercompany.（我決心要振作起來，于是向另一家公司申請了一份新工作。）以及

第四段Feelingdefeatedandhopeless,Idecidedtotakeabreakfromthejobsearchand

focusonself-improvement（感到挫敗和絕望，我決定暫停找工作，專注于自我提

升。）以及最后一段Despitethesechallenges,Irefusedtogiveup.（盡管有這些挑戰(zhàn)，

我拒絕放棄。）”可知，盡管作者遭遇多次挫折，但依舊堅持不放棄，由此表明作者是

堅持不懈的。故選A。

5.

1.答案：D

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureis

about37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin

1851.（1851年，德國醫(yī)生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人體溫度約

為37℃的觀點。）”和第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsof

groupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm（最近的研究表明，

與公認的標準相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較