2024年高考英語一輪復習第31講閱讀表達（核心考點）（原卷版）

第31講閱讀表達（核心考點精講精練）1.三年真題表達考點細目表天津卷2020年3月記敘文人與自我：作者從內(nèi)向害羞到自信的轉(zhuǎn)變6月記敘文人與自我：找到真正自我和自信不再追隨他人發(fā)揮自己特長天津卷2021年3月記敘文人與自我：找到自己真正地愛好特長實現(xiàn)人生的轉(zhuǎn)變6月記敘文人與社會：湯講述了退休藝術(shù)家Anneke

Camstra，人老心不老，積極對待生活，在線上從事動畫教學的故事。天津卷2022年3月記敘文人與社會：湯退休夫婦制作手工玩具捐贈給慈善幫助貧困兒童。6月記敘文人與社會：湯文章主要記敘了作者經(jīng)歷過的一個突發(fā)事故，新年夜變壓器爆炸，十五個朋友面面相覷，沒有電還需要做年夜飯，但作者和朋友一起努力，度過了一個美好的新年夜2021年北京卷說明文人與社會：如果爭吵得到解決，與之相關(guān)的情緒反應會顯著減少或幾乎完全消除2022年北京卷記敘文人與社會：湯姆看到自己學校的學生喝含糖的飲料，隨后發(fā)明了一種適合所有年齡的人們可以喝的無糖的健康飲料2023年北京卷說明文人與自我：習慣是如何形成的以及對人的影響2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近三年閱讀表達命題規(guī)律呈以下特點：體裁：記敘文為主說明文為輔，難度系數(shù)較低，適中?？疾轭}型細節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題、主旨大意題和詞義猜測題，還有開放性題目?！緜淇疾呗浴颗μ嵘忸}能力，以便輕松應對此題型。俗話說熟能生巧。在日常學習中，學生要認真對待老師精選的相關(guān)訓練，勤加練習。練習時需注意以下幾個方面：（1）讀懂題目，帶問題閱讀；（2）快速通讀全文，明確文章主旨大意；（3）針對題目各個擊破。就歸納總結(jié)具體信息類題目，應確保所查找信息點全面；詞義、句意猜測類題目，要聯(lián)系前后文語境判斷；觀點、態(tài)度或?qū)懽饕鈭D類題目，應基于文章的整體內(nèi)容作答；主旨要義以及推理題需視具體情況而定，有針對段落的命題，也有針對文章整體內(nèi)容的命題。（4）答語要簡潔、準確。因為有詞數(shù)要求，學生應學會轉(zhuǎn)換表達方式，必要時可用單詞代替短語，用非謂語代替從句，用構(gòu)詞法進行詞性或詞義轉(zhuǎn)換。名言警句一般都簡潔明了，可用來作答某些題目。（5）做好作答后的檢查，檢查項包括作答內(nèi)容是否與設問“對應”、作答詞數(shù)是否符合題目要求、拼寫（含大小寫）、語法、標點等是否正確無誤。【命題預測】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢來看，預測2024年高考閱讀表達閱讀表達仍然會綜合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、語言概括能力、推理判斷能力以及自主創(chuàng)新能力。題型總覽高考改革的一大特色就是在高考中增加了閱讀表達這一題型。占10分，5個小題。閱讀表達題是一種綜合性的題型，既考查學生的閱讀理解能力，又考查書面表達能力，同時，這類題目不但選材緊跟時代步伐，而且體裁多樣、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹、層次分明，是一種不錯的試題。然而，同學們對這一題型卻感到束手無策，不知從何下筆。針對這一情況，我們應在平時的訓練中不斷總結(jié)做題方法，探索答題規(guī)律，掌握這類題目的解題技巧。開放性問題答語積累】人性格形容詞determined，brave，persistent，lovely，loving，friendly，warmhearted，kind，nice，good，patient，responsible，humorous，active，optimisticApersonwithastrongsenseofresponsibilityApersonwhonevergivesup故事的形容詞fantastic，moving，impressive獲得什么啟示？Iwillnevergiveupwhenfacing/Iamfacedwithdifficulties.Iwillsparenoefforttoachievemygoal/dreamnomatterhowhard/difficultitis.你是負責人，舉辦什么活動？回答詳細內(nèi)容deliveraspeech/organizeapetition/holdanactivity(inorderto)Iwillencouragethemtooverethedifficulties.你的職業(yè)？你想選擇什么專業(yè)？Iwanttobeacook,becauseIcancookvariousdeliciousfoodtomeetpeople’stastes./tomakemyselfhappy.Iwanttobeadoctor,becauseIcansavepeople’slifeandhelpthemtreatthedisease.Iwanttobeateacher,becauseIcanteachstudentsknowledgeandhelpthemtobeusefulpersons.Iwanttomajorinmaths,becausemathscanhelpmecultivatelogicalandrationalthinking.IwanttolearnEnglish,becauseIhavenodifficultyinmunicatingwithforeignfriendsinEnglish./itpalysanimportantroleinourdailylife.考點一、細節(jié)表達題細節(jié)表達題：1、題目要求：要求考生能撲捉并理解文章中出現(xiàn)的具體信息，并結(jié)合文中的具體要求進行回答。2、設問形式此類問題的設置通?；谖恼伦陨韮?nèi)容，常用what,why,how等特殊疑問詞進行提問。3、答題技巧：解該類題時，首先要仔細審題，然后根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞快速、準確地在文章中定位相應的語句，結(jié)合該語句（或其上下句）的內(nèi)容，用正確的格式進行回答，答案內(nèi)容往往是固定的、唯一的。問題形式:EQ\o\ac(○,1)Why..?回答形式:+名詞性短語(表示原因);To+動Because+句子(表示原因);Becauseof詞原形(表示目的);lnorderto+動詞原形(表目的)②問題形式：What...?回答形式：完整的句子；名詞（短語）；動名詞（短語）③問題形式：列舉性問題。回答形式：名詞（短語）；動名詞（短語）。④問題形式：How...?（詢問方式）回答形式：By(doing)..；完整的句子。2021年6月天津卷56.WhatdoesAnnekeenjoydoingafterherretirement?(nomorethan10words)_______________________________________________________（2023·天津河西·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成下列各題。Attheageof15,RoxanneBlackWeisheitwastoldthatshegotlupus,asystemicautoimmune(自身免疫)diseasethatoccurswhenone’sbody’simmunesystemattacksthehealthytissuesandorgans.Shortlyafter,BlackWeisheitdesperatelysoughtemotionalsupport.Shewantedafriendwhocouldtrulyunderstandhersituation,andshefiguredtherewereotherswhoneededthis,too.So,duringherfirstyearofcollege,shecreatedFriends’HealthConnection(FHC),anonprofitorganizationthathelpedpeoplewithsimilarhealthconditions.AsshewasstartingFHC,lupuswasdestroyingherkidneyfunction.Duringhersenioryearofcollege,shehadherfirstkidneytransplantand13yearslater,shehadhersecondone.Throughitall,shedidn’tforgoFHC.She’deventransformedherhospitalroomintoan“office”andworkedinherhospitalbed.Aftergraduation,shesecuredenoughfundingtocontinuegrowingherorganization,anditbecameherfulltimejob.But,unfortunately,lupusandkidneytransplantsweren’ttheendofBlackWeisheit’shealthissues.Fiveyearsago,at42,shehadlymphoma.BlackWeisheit’snewdiseaseleftherextremelyweakandtired,andsheknewshehadtomakeachoiceaboutFHC．“Sincemytimeandenergywerelimitedandmyfuturewasuncertain,theboardandIdecidedtocloseouroffice.Iwantedtodevoteallmyenergytokeepingmyfamilylifeasnormalaspossible,”sheexplained.Hercareerdidn’tendthere,though.Whenshestartedfeelingbetter,shefelttheurgetostartworkingagain.UsingherexperiencefromFHC,shestartedanewpany—ScheduleAuthors,whichhelpsotherpaniesscheduledifferenttypesofspeakersfortheirevents.ThisisnowBlackWeisheit’scurrentjob.Butshemissedrunningherownnonprofitorganization,soshestartedtryingtofigureouthowtobringbackFHC．And,recently,shereceivedsomegreatnews:ApastFHCdonorwouldprovideherwithagranttogettheorganizationrunningagain.6．WhatdidBlackWeisheitrealizeshortlyafterbeingtoldthatshegotlupus?(nomorethan8words)7．WhydidBlackWeisheitcreatethenonprofitorganizationFHC?(nomorethan10words)8．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?(nomorethan10words)9．WhatmadeBlackWeisheitdecidetoclosetheofficeintheend?(nomorethan5words)10．WhatdoyouthinkofBlackWeisheit?Why?(nomorethan20words)考點二、主旨表達題1．題目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②給文章擬一個恰當?shù)臉祟}。2．設問形式：①What'sthemainideaofthepassage/Paragraph...?②What'sthepassagemainlyabout?③What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?3．答題技巧：考生在回答該類問題時，要善于歸納文章、語段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主題段、主題句、關(guān)鍵詞和核心詞。解該類題時，注意一要緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章或段落主旨的關(guān)鍵詞，二要計言簡練。4．常用的回答形式有：①名詞短語／動名詞短語；②名詞＋后置定語；名詞＋定語從句；名詞＋同位語從句；③名詞性從句或"疑問詞＋不定式":What.../Why...How./Howto...?2021年6月天津卷58.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?(nomorethan15words)_______________________________________________________（2023·北京昌平·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Therearemanyhistoricalsitesandplacesintheworldthatgiveusinsightandevidenceofthepastcivilization.Thesesiteshelpuslearnaboutourancestors,theirlivingandculture.Thesesitescanbecalledmonoruniversalheritage(遺產(chǎn))ofhumankindandourworldheritage.Thesesitesfromthepastcivilizationsareforallhumans.Wemustliveinthemtodayandalsopassthemontofuturegenerations.Theyteachusaboutourpastandrepresentthegreatachievementsofourancestorsandmakeusproud.Worldheritagehashistorical,culturalandeconomicsignificance.Ithasexceptionalvalueandimportanceforhumankindfromhistory,scienceandartspointsofviewandmustbecaredfor.ManyUNESCOsitesthatstandtodayareunderthreat.ThereisalistofthirtysitesbyUNESCOthatareendangered.Therearemanyexternalfactorsresponsiblefordamagingtheworldheritage,someofwhichareclimatechange,naturaldisasters,urbanizationanduncheckedtourismetc.Withthegrowingstrengthoftheseexternalfactors,itisbeingmoreandmoreimportanttotakepropermeasurestosaveandpreservethesetimelessachievementsofhumankind.Therearemanymunitiesandorganizationsintheworldwhichareworkingtoprotectthesesites.Wecanworkwiththeseorganizations,travelagencies,governmentgroupsandlocalmunities.Weshouldjointhemtosupporttheircause.AnotherwaytoplayourpartistoshouldertravelresponsibilityTourismcangeneratefundsfortherestorationofhistoricalsitesbutatthesametimeuncheckedtourismcandamagethemseriously.Theyoungergenerationmustpreservetheidentityofthepeoplewhocamebeforethem.Nomatterwhatisourreach,weshouldhelpprotectthemthrougheffectivemeans.Oureverystepwouldcountandhelpinprotectingtheworldheritagesites.74．WhatisParagraph2mainlytalkingabout?考點三、推斷表達題1．題目要求：要求考生能夠在理解原文字面意義的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析，做出合理的推理和判斷。推斷表達題包含兩個方面的，容，一是對文中的具體內(nèi)容做出推理和判斷；二是推測作者或文中相關(guān)人物的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。2．設問形式：①What'sthepurposeofthetext?②Forwhatpurposedoestheauthormention..inParagraph...?③Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanbysaying...?④Whatkindofattitudedoestheauthorhavetowards...?⑤Whatdoes...imply?⑥Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?3．答題技巧：①要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的線索。②要對文字的表面信息進行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能斷章取義，以么全。③要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)，立足已知，推斷未知。④不能主觀臆想，也不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點⑤了解語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，重視文章的主旨，體會文章基調(diào)，所寫答案的內(nèi)容一定要立足于語篇內(nèi)容和主旨。⑥把握句子間和段落間的邏輯關(guān)系，把握邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者1L弦外之音，揣摩出作者的態(tài)度。⑦回答要緊扣題目，語言既要完整，又要簡潔，不要超過規(guī)定詞數(shù)?！?022年天津卷第二次】Itwasadarkandstormynight.Theferociouswindshookthewindowswildly,asthoughsomeoneoutsidewerebeatingontheglass.ItwasalsoNewYear’sEve.Wewerehavingourannualpartyandhadahousefullofpeoplejuststartingtocelebrate.Suddenly,weheardloudexplosions.Lookingoutsideandupintothehills,wesawsparks(火花)flyingfromelectricaltransformers(變壓器).Oneareaafteranotherwentdarkupinthosehills.Thentherewastheloudestexplosionofthemallandourhousewentdarktoo.Itriedtofindeverycandlewehadandlitthem.Thecandlesmadeeverythinglooklovely.Butwehadproblems.Wehadfifteenpeoplestandingaroundandwestillhadtocookdinner.Howwouldwedothatwithoutelectricity?Thebarbecue!Whynotcookonthebarbecue?Wemenwentoutside,someholdingflashlightsandotherscooking.Wedidawonderfuljob.Thewomenstayedinsideandgotthesaladsready.Everythingwasdelicious.Therewerestillafewhourstogobeforethebeginningofthenewyear,soweallsataroundthediningroomtableandsangupuntilafewminutesbeforemidnight.Wecouldn’twatchtheballdropinTimesSquareontelevisionbutthatwouldn’tstopusfromcelebrating.Istoodonachairand,withthehelpofsomeone’swatchtotellusthetime,weallcounteddownandIdroppedatennisball!WeallscreamedHappyNewYear.Wedidn’tneedelectricityforthat!Nowadays,westillgettogetherwiththesamegrouptocelebratetheNewYearandwestilltalkaboutthatspecialnight.Idon’tthinkwehaveeverlaughedsomuchaswedidonthatNewYear’sEve.59.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthatparticularNewYear’sEve?(nomorethan8words)____________________________________________________________60.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostnecessaryqualitywhendealingwithanunexpecteddifficultsituation?Pleaseexplainwhy.(nomorethan25words)____________________________________________________________【答案59.Itwasthemostexcitingone./Itwasanightfilledwithlaughter./Itwasspecial./Exciting./Pleasant./（2023·天津·耀華中學?？家荒＃╅喿x短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Lifeonthestreetisaconstantstruggleforhomelesspeople.Inextremeweatherconditions,thatstrugglebeesevenmoredifficult.Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn’tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.OnJanuary30,34yearoldCandicePayne,alocalmanagingbroker,wasluckyenoughtohaveshelterfromthedangerousconditions.“Itwas20℃,andIknewtheyweregoingtobesleepingoniceandIhadtodosomething,”saidPayne.Paynestartedbrainstormingdifferentwaysshecouldpossiblyhelp.Finally,shedecidedtoseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableatlocalinnsandhotelsthatshecouldgettohelpthosestuckonthestreet.ForPayne,hermissionwaspersonal.AccordingtoPayne,herhusband,CarlosCallahan,hadlivedonthestreetatonepointinhislife.Basedonhisexperience,Payneknewthatthehomelesspeoplestilllivingonthestreetdesperatelyneededhelpandshewantedtostepup.However,whenPayneexplainedwhatshewastryingtodo,manyofthelocalhotelsrefusedtoallowhertopayfortheroomsastheydidn’twanthomelesspeopletostayintheirrooms.“Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,theAmberInn,wasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms,”saidPayne.Payne’sselflessactmadenewsacrossthecountry.However,sheinsistedshehadneverdoneitforattention.“Iamaregularperson,”saidPayne,whospentthousandsofdollarsofherownmoneytohelppletestrangers.“Itallsoundedlikearichpersondidthis,butI’mjustalittleblackgirlfromtheSouthSide.”60．WhywasCandicePaynedeterminedtohelphomelesspeople?(nomorethan10words)考點四、猜詞表達題一）題目要求：考生能夠利用上下文判斷某個單詞、短語或句子在特定語言環(huán)境中的確切含義。（二）設問形式：①What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase/partinthe...paragraph'?②Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthe..paragraphmean?、（三）答題技巧：結(jié)合文章主旨大意、整合上下文語境信息進行猜測，還要利用同義或者反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法及語篇文脈關(guān)系等理解猜測其含義有些題目需要對較大的上下文范圍進行理解，甚至通過理解整個語篇．能進行猜測判斷。（四）常用的回答形式有：①相近含義、相同詞性的單詞；②完整、直白、簡短的句子。1、根據(jù)上下文語境理解詞義2、根據(jù)釋義猜測詞義：①借助畫線詞后面破折號所給出的解釋、同位語、定語從句等來確定詞義。構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號、冒號、破折號和小括號等連接；定語從句在文中起著解釋和說明的作用。②如果生詞在文中直接被句子或段落解釋，理解句子或段落本身就能推斷出詞義。2022年6月天津考題56.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninParagraph1?(1word)____________________________________________________________（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。TheAppalachianTrailattractsthousandsofserioushikerseachspring,onlyoneinfourhikerspletestheentiretrail.TheSuttonfamilyrecentlyfinishedhikingtheentiretrail.Theyareauniquetrio(三人組)astheirsonHarveyturnedfiveonthetrail,whichmakeshimtheyoungesttopletetheAppalachianTrail.JoshandCarrieSuttonsaidtheyneededtotake,breaksfrombusyworkcalledminiretirements.“Wesetthefamilygoaloflivingalifewithextraordinarystories.DoingthingslikehikingwithachildontheAppalachianTrailgivesyouextraordinarystories,”JoshSuttonsaid.WhenHarveyturnedthree,theytookhimwintercamping,andbythetimehewasfour,thefamilypleteda50milehike,campingoversixdays.SeeingthatHarveydevelopedapassionforhiking,theyplannedathruhikeontheAppalachianTrail.Hikingfromendtoendiscalledathruhikeandgenerallytakesfivetosevenmonthstoplete.TheyhitthetrailinGeorgiaonJanuary13,2021.Thefirstweekswerecold.Thetrailwasicyandsnowcovered,andtheweatherwasoftencloudyandbitter,sotheymadeslowprogress.Theywouldwakeupearlyeachday,packtheirgear(裝備),andthenstartwalking.Astheyhadmanymilestocovereachday,theyhadtobeinventiveandstartedusingimaginationandSkittles(彩虹糖)asincentiveforlittleHarvey.ThefamilypletedtheirjourneyonAugust9,2021.LittleHarveylearnedtocountallthewayto2,193,thetotalmileshislittlefeettraveled,andabignumberforsomeonewhojuststartedkindergarten.“Iwilldoitagainbecauselikeitsomuch,”saidHarvey.AlthoughtheSuttonsarenowbackhome,theyhaveincrediblememoriesofthisminiretirement.ThejourneyisalifechangingexperiencefortheSuttonfamilyandisaninspirationforfamilieswhodreamoftakingasimilarjourney.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inParagraph5probablymean?(nomorethan1word)過關(guān)檢測（2023·天津北辰·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。In2019,thestateofCaliforniawasonfire.AlexandriaVillaseor,whowas13atthetime,witnessedthedestructionofNorthernCalifornia’sCampFire,whichwouldgoontoburnmorethan150,000acresofland.Villaseorwasscared.“That’swhenIfoundouthowimportantclimateeducationwas,”shereflected.“Andjusthowmuchwelackedclimateeducationthesepastcoupleofyears.”Villaseor,attheageof15,wasdeterminedtohaveabiggerconversation.Shequicklyrealizedthefightrequiresinternational,governmentlevelchanges.Forher,whatstartedaslocalconcernturnedintoayearlongprotestinfrontoftheUnitedNations’NewYorkCityheadquartersandaglobalcampaignformorepulsoryclimateeducation.Shesatonabenchinfrontoftheheadquarters,beggingfortheworld’sleaderstotakeclimatechangeseriously.Heractionreceivednationalattention,withmillionsofotherstudentsaroundtheworldjoininginthemovement.“It’spletelyunacceptablenottolearnanythingaboutourplanetandourenvironmentinschool,afteralltheyoungpeoplewouldinherittheEarth.”Villaseorsaid,“That’swhyIthinkthatclimateeducationissoimportant,andthat’swhyIfocusalotonitnow.”Rightnow,VillaseorisworkingwiththeAmericanAdministrationonitsclimateplan,whichhaspromisedtocenterontheneedsofyoungpeopleandmunitiesmostimpactedbyclimatechange.Sheevenspokeatthe2021DemocraticNationalConvention.“ThiswasdefinitelyahugemomentwhenIrealizedthatpeoplewerelisteningtothevoicesofmeandyouthclimateactivists.”Villaseorsaid.Whensheisn’tconnectingwithherfellowyouthactivists,Villaseorislikemostotherteens.“Myfavoritethingtodo,ofcourse,issleep,”shesaid,“Iliketoreadalot.Ilikefantasybooks,normally.Ialsoliketowrite.”1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?(nomorethan10words)2．HowdidVillaseormaketheworld’sleadersattachimportancetoclimateeducation?(nomorethan15words)3．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?(nomorethan15words)4．WhenwasthehugemomenttoVillaseor?(nomorethan10words)5．WhatdoyouthinkofVillaseor?Pleaseexplaininyourownwords?(nomorethan20words)（2023·北京·北京交通大學附屬中學?？既＃╅喿x下面短文，根據(jù)題后要求回答問題。Fashion’sMeltDownThrowawaycultureistrashingtheplanet—butoneyoungchemicalengineerhasherownwaytoturnitover.Fastfashionhaschangedthewaywedress.Webuymoreclothes,moreoften–butwewearthemless.AlinaBassi,founderofKleiderly,wantstogiveourclothingwasteanotherchanceatausefullife.Bassihasalwayscaredaboutthethreatofclimatechange,butsheactuallystartedhercareerintheoilindustry.Afterafewyears,shelandedatbiobean,astartupthatturnedwastecoffeegroundsintoproductsthatcouldbeburntforheatandfuel.Afterayear,Bassiwaskeentobranchout—usedcoffeegroundsarenotthebiggestthreatfacingtheplanet.Instead,shepouredhereffortsintotacklingamuchbiggerglobalpolluter:thefashionindustry.AccordingtotheEllenMacArthurFoundation,weproduce100billionitemsofclothingperyear,andthisissettodoubleby2050.Buttheydon’tlastlongenoughtooffset(抵消)thecarboncostofproducingthematerial,creatingtheclothes,andthenshippingthemtocustomers.“Itmakesnosensethatwehavesuchahighcarbonfootprintforsomethingsoshortlived.”Bassisays.Usingtheprinciplesofacirculareconomy,Bassihasdevelopedalowenergy,multistageprocesstoturnclothingfibresintoanalternativetooilbasedplastic.Thisnewplasticcanthenbeusedbymanufacturersintheirexistingmachines,sothatyouroldTshirtsandjeanswillbeedifferentproductsinsteadofclothes,suchasclothinghangers,orevenfurniture.Fashionpanieshavesomeotherwaystoreducefashionwaste,fromcreatingclothesdesignedtolast,torecyclingthefabrictomakemoreclothing.But“aproblemthisbigneedsmultiplesolutions,”Bassisays.“Wethinkaboutthemultiplelivesofaproductandhowwecankeepreusingitinsteadoflettingitfallintolandfillsorincinerators(焚化爐),”shesays.6．WhydidBassiswitchherfocustothefashionindustry?7．Howdidshetackletheproblemscausedbythefashionindustry?8．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.●Kleiderlycanchangeoldjacketsandtrousersintoanewmaterial,whichcanbeusedtomakemoreclothing.9．Pleasebrieflypresentyourownsolution(s)tothethrowawayproblemindailylife.(about40words)（2023·北京·清華附中?？既＃╅喿x下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域作答。Foryears,psychologistshaveknownhowtomeasuretheintelligenceofindividuals,butonlyrecentlyhavetheybeguntoinvestigatetheissueofgroupintelligence.Thisnotionstemsfromtheobservationthatsomegroupsseemtoworkfantasticallyacrosstasks,eventasksthatarenotverysimilar.Earlyinvestigationssuggestthatgroupintelligenceisnotthesumoftheintelligenceoftheindividualsinit.Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess?ResearchersatGooglehavetackledthisquestion.Theycollectedthousandsofdatapointsonhundredsofgroupsandbedthroughthemtryingtofindpatterns.Arethemembersofeffectivegroupsfriendsoutsideofwork?Dogroupswhosemembershavesimilarpersonalitiesorbackgroundsworktogetherbest?Theyputforwardmanytheoriesbutfoundnopatterstosupportthem.Infact,whowasinthegroupapparentlydidnotseemtomakeadifference;instead,thedifferencebetweenmoreandlesseffectivegroupsseemedtolieintheinteractionamongthemembers.Ineffectivegroups,membersspokeforaroughlyequalamountoftime—notateverymeetingorinteraction,butacrossthecourseofaproject.Additionally,ineffectivegroups,membersfaceoneanotherdirectlywhentheyspeak,usingenergeticandenthusiasticgestures.Moreover,sideconversationsbetweenindividualmembersduringmeetings,farfrombeingadistraction,actuallyincreasedthegroup’sproductivity.Thepositivebehaviorsuncoveredinthestudyoccurexclusivelyinfacetofaceinteraction.Onemightarguethatmostofthesefindingsareextremelyobvious,andneedlesstosay,goodmanagershaveprobablyalwaysunderstoodtheprinciples.However,understandinggroupintelligencecanhelpbusinessandotherorganizationsmakethefundamentalchangesnecessarytoimprovegroupperformance.Thereasonisthatoursocialandprofessionallivesarenotalwaysstructuredinwaysthatfacilitatethekindofinteractionthatapparentlyunderlineseffectivegroupperformance.10．Whatisthefindingofpreviousstudiesongroupintelligence?11．Whyisitimportantforpeopletounderstandgroupintelligence?12．Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhy.?Althoughsideconversationsdistractmembersduringmeetings,theycanhelptoboostthegroup’sefficiency.13．Apartfromwhatismentionedinthepassage,whatotherway(s)canweusetoimprovegroupintelligence?(Inabout40words)（2023·北京·人大附中?？既＃╅喿x下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題?！癐can’t”mightactuallymean“Idon’twantto,”“I’mafraid,”“I’mconfused,”oreven“Idon’tknowhow.”Andafterparsingouthiddenmeaningsforthehundredthtime,Icanunderstandwhymychildhoodgymnasticscoachhadputagymwidebanonthephrase.Anyonewhousedit,eventheothercoaches,hadtodo50pushupsbeforetryingconversationagain.Itwasn’tthathewantedpeopletodothingsbeyondtheirskillorsafetylevel.Thepolicywasagainstthewordsthemselves.Hefelttheywereashieldtohidebehindinsteadofadmittingmoreusefulandactionablehesitations.“I’mafraid.”“I’veneverdoneitbymyself.”“IneedtorestafewminutesbeforeItry.”“I’membarrassedtotryinfrontofotherpeople.”“Idon’twantto,because...”.Academicexperiencescanfollowthesamepattern.Answeringunexpectedquestionsortryinganewprotocolinfrontofanaudiencecanbecrippling,Homeworkproblemscanpoundandseemtogetworsewitheachtryinsteadofbetter.Weenduputtering“Ican’t,”becausesometimesit’seasierthan“IamsofrustratedandexhaustedthatIwanttocry,”“Thismakesmefeelsodumb,”oreven“Ineedhelp.”Asanasthmatic,mymostvividmemoriesefromtheannualhazingritualknownasthegymclassmilerun.Forme,“Ican’t”actuallymeant“I’mafraidofhavinganasthmaattackinfrontofallofmyclassmates,”and“It’ssoembarrassingtorunandbelapsbehindmypeers;Iwouldrathershieldmyegofromthehitbyintentionallywalkingthewholething,sopleaseleavemealone.”Myheartstillstartstoracejustthinkingofthenumberoftimesmyselfpreserving.“Ican’t”wasmetwithadismissive“Ofcourse,youcan.”Butlettingourselvesfallbackonthe“Ican’t”candomoredamagethanjusthidingourdeeperfeelings.Eventuallywe,andthepeoplearoundus,starttobelieveit.IknowtherearethingsIhavestoppedtryingbecause,well,Ijustcan’t.Sowhytry?ThenumberoflapsIhaveavoidedwithwelltimedbathroombreaksisstaggering.Ican’tgobackandtellmychildhoodselfthatthemilerunwasn’tworththeanticipatoryanxiety.ButIcanrememberhowbadlyIwishedevenoneclassmatehadacknowledgedthatIhadbarelymissedtheschoolrecordinsitandreachinsteadofteasingmeaboutlapsthenextday.Icanrememberthat“Ican’t”cansooftenmeansomethingelse.AndIcantakethetimetotrytoasktherightquestions,sothatIcansaysomethingmoreusefulinresponsethan“Ofcourseyoucan.”14．Whatwerepeoplesupposedtodoiftheysaid“Ican’t”inmychildhoodgymnastics?15．Whatdoes“Ican’t”actuallymeanwhenIsaidthatinthegymclassmilerun?16．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TherearethingsIhavestoppedtryingbecauseofthefactthatIamnotabletodothat.17．Describeoneofyourexperiencesofdealingwith“Ican’t”.(Inabout40words)（2023·北京·北京四中?？寄M預測）閱讀下面短文，按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Judgementisaqualitythatishardtodefinebutimportanttopossess.SirAndrewLikiermanoftheLondonBusinessSchoolsuggeststhatjudgmentis“thebinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandtakedecisions”.Andhearguesthat,thusdefined,judgmentinvolvesaprocess—takingininformation,decidingwhomandwhattotrust,summarizingone’spersonalknowledge,checkinganypriorbeliefsorfeelings,summarizingthechoicesavailableandthenmakingthedecision.Expertknowledgecanbeusefulinmakingjudgments.Buttheyarenotthesamething.“Academicshaveexpertknowledge,”SirAndrewobserves.“Th