2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第31講閱讀表達(dá)（核心考點(diǎn)）（原卷版）

第31講閱讀表達(dá)（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.三年真題表達(dá)考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表天津卷2020年3月記敘文人與自我：作者從內(nèi)向害羞到自信的轉(zhuǎn)變6月記敘文人與自我：找到真正自我和自信不再追隨他人發(fā)揮自己特長(zhǎng)天津卷2021年3月記敘文人與自我：找到自己真正地愛(ài)好特長(zhǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)人生的轉(zhuǎn)變6月記敘文人與社會(huì)：湯講述了退休藝術(shù)家Anneke

Camstra，人老心不老，積極對(duì)待生活，在線(xiàn)上從事動(dòng)畫(huà)教學(xué)的故事。天津卷2022年3月記敘文人與社會(huì)：湯退休夫婦制作手工玩具捐贈(zèng)給慈善幫助貧困兒童。6月記敘文人與社會(huì)：湯文章主要記敘了作者經(jīng)歷過(guò)的一個(gè)突發(fā)事故，新年夜變壓器爆炸，十五個(gè)朋友面面相覷，沒(méi)有電還需要做年夜飯，但作者和朋友一起努力，度過(guò)了一個(gè)美好的新年夜2021年北京卷說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)：如果爭(zhēng)吵得到解決，與之相關(guān)的情緒反應(yīng)會(huì)顯著減少或幾乎完全消除2022年北京卷記敘文人與社會(huì)：湯姆看到自己學(xué)校的學(xué)生喝含糖的飲料，隨后發(fā)明了一種適合所有年齡的人們可以喝的無(wú)糖的健康飲料2023年北京卷說(shuō)明文人與自我：習(xí)慣是如何形成的以及對(duì)人的影響2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近三年閱讀表達(dá)命題規(guī)律呈以下特點(diǎn)：體裁：記敘文為主說(shuō)明文為輔，難度系數(shù)較低，適中。考查題型細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題、主旨大意題和詞義猜測(cè)題，還有開(kāi)放性題目?！緜淇疾呗浴颗μ嵘忸}能力，以便輕松應(yīng)對(duì)此題型。俗話(huà)說(shuō)熟能生巧。在日常學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生要認(rèn)真對(duì)待老師精選的相關(guān)訓(xùn)練，勤加練習(xí)。練習(xí)時(shí)需注意以下幾個(gè)方面：（1）讀懂題目，帶問(wèn)題閱讀；（2）快速通讀全文，明確文章主旨大意；（3）針對(duì)題目各個(gè)擊破。就歸納總結(jié)具體信息類(lèi)題目，應(yīng)確保所查找信息點(diǎn)全面；詞義、句意猜測(cè)類(lèi)題目，要聯(lián)系前后文語(yǔ)境判斷；觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)懽饕鈭D類(lèi)題目，應(yīng)基于文章的整體內(nèi)容作答；主旨要義以及推理題需視具體情況而定，有針對(duì)段落的命題，也有針對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的命題。（4）答語(yǔ)要簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確。因?yàn)橛性~數(shù)要求，學(xué)生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)方式，必要時(shí)可用單詞代替短語(yǔ)，用非謂語(yǔ)代替從句，用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行詞性或詞義轉(zhuǎn)換。名言警句一般都簡(jiǎn)潔明了，可用來(lái)作答某些題目。（5）做好作答后的檢查，檢查項(xiàng)包括作答內(nèi)容是否與設(shè)問(wèn)“對(duì)應(yīng)”、作答詞數(shù)是否符合題目要求、拼寫(xiě)（含大小寫(xiě)）、語(yǔ)法、標(biāo)點(diǎn)等是否正確無(wú)誤。【命題預(yù)測(cè)】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，預(yù)測(cè)2024年高考閱讀表達(dá)閱讀表達(dá)仍然會(huì)綜合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、語(yǔ)言概括能力、推理判斷能力以及自主創(chuàng)新能力。題型總覽高考改革的一大特色就是在高考中增加了閱讀表達(dá)這一題型。占10分，5個(gè)小題。閱讀表達(dá)題是一種綜合性的題型，既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，又考查書(shū)面表達(dá)能力，同時(shí)，這類(lèi)題目不但選材緊跟時(shí)代步伐，而且體裁多樣、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、層次分明，是一種不錯(cuò)的試題。然而，同學(xué)們對(duì)這一題型卻感到束手無(wú)策，不知從何下筆。針對(duì)這一情況，我們應(yīng)在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中不斷總結(jié)做題方法，探索答題規(guī)律，掌握這類(lèi)題目的解題技巧。開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題答語(yǔ)積累】人性格形容詞determined，brave，persistent，lovely，loving，friendly，warmhearted，kind，nice，good，patient，responsible，humorous，active，optimisticApersonwithastrongsenseofresponsibilityApersonwhonevergivesup故事的形容詞fantastic，moving，impressive獲得什么啟示？Iwillnevergiveupwhenfacing/Iamfacedwithdifficulties.Iwillsparenoefforttoachievemygoal/dreamnomatterhowhard/difficultitis.你是負(fù)責(zé)人，舉辦什么活動(dòng)？回答詳細(xì)內(nèi)容deliveraspeech/organizeapetition/holdanactivity(inorderto)Iwillencouragethemtooverethedifficulties.你的職業(yè)？你想選擇什么專(zhuān)業(yè)？Iwanttobeacook,becauseIcancookvariousdeliciousfoodtomeetpeople’stastes./tomakemyselfhappy.Iwanttobeadoctor,becauseIcansavepeople’slifeandhelpthemtreatthedisease.Iwanttobeateacher,becauseIcanteachstudentsknowledgeandhelpthemtobeusefulpersons.Iwanttomajorinmaths,becausemathscanhelpmecultivatelogicalandrationalthinking.IwanttolearnEnglish,becauseIhavenodifficultyinmunicatingwithforeignfriendsinEnglish./itpalysanimportantroleinourdailylife.考點(diǎn)一、細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題：1、題目要求：要求考生能撲捉并理解文章中出現(xiàn)的具體信息，并結(jié)合文中的具體要求進(jìn)行回答。2、設(shè)問(wèn)形式此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的設(shè)置通常基于文章自身內(nèi)容，常用what,why,how等特殊疑問(wèn)詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。3、答題技巧：解該類(lèi)題時(shí)，首先要仔細(xì)審題，然后根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞快速、準(zhǔn)確地在文章中定位相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)句，結(jié)合該語(yǔ)句（或其上下句）的內(nèi)容，用正確的格式進(jìn)行回答，答案內(nèi)容往往是固定的、唯一的。問(wèn)題形式:EQ\o\ac(○,1)Why..?回答形式:+名詞性短語(yǔ)(表示原因);To+動(dòng)Because+句子(表示原因);Becauseof詞原形(表示目的);lnorderto+動(dòng)詞原形(表目的)②問(wèn)題形式：What...?回答形式：完整的句子；名詞（短語(yǔ)）；動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）③問(wèn)題形式：列舉性問(wèn)題?；卮鹦问剑好~（短語(yǔ)）；動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）。④問(wèn)題形式：How...?（詢(xún)問(wèn)方式）回答形式：By(doing)..；完整的句子。2021年6月天津卷56.WhatdoesAnnekeenjoydoingafterherretirement?(nomorethan10words)_______________________________________________________（2023·天津河西·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成下列各題。Attheageof15,RoxanneBlackWeisheitwastoldthatshegotlupus,asystemicautoimmune(自身免疫)diseasethatoccurswhenone’sbody’simmunesystemattacksthehealthytissuesandorgans.Shortlyafter,BlackWeisheitdesperatelysoughtemotionalsupport.Shewantedafriendwhocouldtrulyunderstandhersituation,andshefiguredtherewereotherswhoneededthis,too.So,duringherfirstyearofcollege,shecreatedFriends’HealthConnection(FHC),anonprofitorganizationthathelpedpeoplewithsimilarhealthconditions.AsshewasstartingFHC,lupuswasdestroyingherkidneyfunction.Duringhersenioryearofcollege,shehadherfirstkidneytransplantand13yearslater,shehadhersecondone.Throughitall,shedidn’tforgoFHC.She’deventransformedherhospitalroomintoan“office”andworkedinherhospitalbed.Aftergraduation,shesecuredenoughfundingtocontinuegrowingherorganization,anditbecameherfulltimejob.But,unfortunately,lupusandkidneytransplantsweren’ttheendofBlackWeisheit’shealthissues.Fiveyearsago,at42,shehadlymphoma.BlackWeisheit’snewdiseaseleftherextremelyweakandtired,andsheknewshehadtomakeachoiceaboutFHC．“Sincemytimeandenergywerelimitedandmyfuturewasuncertain,theboardandIdecidedtocloseouroffice.Iwantedtodevoteallmyenergytokeepingmyfamilylifeasnormalaspossible,”sheexplained.Hercareerdidn’tendthere,though.Whenshestartedfeelingbetter,shefelttheurgetostartworkingagain.UsingherexperiencefromFHC,shestartedanewpany—ScheduleAuthors,whichhelpsotherpaniesscheduledifferenttypesofspeakersfortheirevents.ThisisnowBlackWeisheit’scurrentjob.Butshemissedrunningherownnonprofitorganization,soshestartedtryingtofigureouthowtobringbackFHC．And,recently,shereceivedsomegreatnews:ApastFHCdonorwouldprovideherwithagranttogettheorganizationrunningagain.6．WhatdidBlackWeisheitrealizeshortlyafterbeingtoldthatshegotlupus?(nomorethan8words)7．WhydidBlackWeisheitcreatethenonprofitorganizationFHC?(nomorethan10words)8．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?(nomorethan10words)9．WhatmadeBlackWeisheitdecidetoclosetheofficeintheend?(nomorethan5words)10．WhatdoyouthinkofBlackWeisheit?Why?(nomorethan20words)考點(diǎn)二、主旨表達(dá)題1．題目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②給文章擬一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。2．設(shè)問(wèn)形式：①What'sthemainideaofthepassage/Paragraph...?②What'sthepassagemainlyabout?③What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?3．答題技巧：考生在回答該類(lèi)問(wèn)題時(shí)，要善于歸納文章、語(yǔ)段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主題段、主題句、關(guān)鍵詞和核心詞。解該類(lèi)題時(shí)，注意一要緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章或段落主旨的關(guān)鍵詞，二要計(jì)言簡(jiǎn)練。4．常用的回答形式有：①名詞短語(yǔ)／動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)；②名詞＋后置定語(yǔ)；名詞＋定語(yǔ)從句；名詞＋同位語(yǔ)從句；③名詞性從句或"疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式":What.../Why...How./Howto...?2021年6月天津卷58.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?(nomorethan15words)_______________________________________________________（2023·北京昌平·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。Therearemanyhistoricalsitesandplacesintheworldthatgiveusinsightandevidenceofthepastcivilization.Thesesiteshelpuslearnaboutourancestors,theirlivingandculture.Thesesitescanbecalledmonoruniversalheritage(遺產(chǎn))ofhumankindandourworldheritage.Thesesitesfromthepastcivilizationsareforallhumans.Wemustliveinthemtodayandalsopassthemontofuturegenerations.Theyteachusaboutourpastandrepresentthegreatachievementsofourancestorsandmakeusproud.Worldheritagehashistorical,culturalandeconomicsignificance.Ithasexceptionalvalueandimportanceforhumankindfromhistory,scienceandartspointsofviewandmustbecaredfor.ManyUNESCOsitesthatstandtodayareunderthreat.ThereisalistofthirtysitesbyUNESCOthatareendangered.Therearemanyexternalfactorsresponsiblefordamagingtheworldheritage,someofwhichareclimatechange,naturaldisasters,urbanizationanduncheckedtourismetc.Withthegrowingstrengthoftheseexternalfactors,itisbeingmoreandmoreimportanttotakepropermeasurestosaveandpreservethesetimelessachievementsofhumankind.Therearemanymunitiesandorganizationsintheworldwhichareworkingtoprotectthesesites.Wecanworkwiththeseorganizations,travelagencies,governmentgroupsandlocalmunities.Weshouldjointhemtosupporttheircause.AnotherwaytoplayourpartistoshouldertravelresponsibilityTourismcangeneratefundsfortherestorationofhistoricalsitesbutatthesametimeuncheckedtourismcandamagethemseriously.Theyoungergenerationmustpreservetheidentityofthepeoplewhocamebeforethem.Nomatterwhatisourreach,weshouldhelpprotectthemthrougheffectivemeans.Oureverystepwouldcountandhelpinprotectingtheworldheritagesites.74．WhatisParagraph2mainlytalkingabout?考點(diǎn)三、推斷表達(dá)題1．題目要求：要求考生能夠在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析，做出合理的推理和判斷。推斷表達(dá)題包含兩個(gè)方面的，容，一是對(duì)文中的具體內(nèi)容做出推理和判斷；二是推測(cè)作者或文中相關(guān)人物的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。2．設(shè)問(wèn)形式：①What'sthepurposeofthetext?②Forwhatpurposedoestheauthormention..inParagraph...?③Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanbysaying...?④Whatkindofattitudedoestheauthorhavetowards...?⑤Whatdoes...imply?⑥Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?3．答題技巧：①要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的線(xiàn)索。②要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能斷章取義，以么全。③要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索為依據(jù)，立足已知，推斷未知。④不能主觀臆想，也不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)⑤了解語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，重視文章的主旨，體會(huì)文章基調(diào)，所寫(xiě)答案的內(nèi)容一定要立足于語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容和主旨。⑥把握句子間和段落間的邏輯關(guān)系，把握邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者1L弦外之音，揣摩出作者的態(tài)度。⑦回答要緊扣題目，語(yǔ)言既要完整，又要簡(jiǎn)潔，不要超過(guò)規(guī)定詞數(shù)?！?022年天津卷第二次】Itwasadarkandstormynight.Theferociouswindshookthewindowswildly,asthoughsomeoneoutsidewerebeatingontheglass.ItwasalsoNewYear’sEve.Wewerehavingourannualpartyandhadahousefullofpeoplejuststartingtocelebrate.Suddenly,weheardloudexplosions.Lookingoutsideandupintothehills,wesawsparks(火花)flyingfromelectricaltransformers(變壓器).Oneareaafteranotherwentdarkupinthosehills.Thentherewastheloudestexplosionofthemallandourhousewentdarktoo.Itriedtofindeverycandlewehadandlitthem.Thecandlesmadeeverythinglooklovely.Butwehadproblems.Wehadfifteenpeoplestandingaroundandwestillhadtocookdinner.Howwouldwedothatwithoutelectricity?Thebarbecue!Whynotcookonthebarbecue?Wemenwentoutside,someholdingflashlightsandotherscooking.Wedidawonderfuljob.Thewomenstayedinsideandgotthesaladsready.Everythingwasdelicious.Therewerestillafewhourstogobeforethebeginningofthenewyear,soweallsataroundthediningroomtableandsangupuntilafewminutesbeforemidnight.Wecouldn’twatchtheballdropinTimesSquareontelevisionbutthatwouldn’tstopusfromcelebrating.Istoodonachairand,withthehelpofsomeone’swatchtotellusthetime,weallcounteddownandIdroppedatennisball!WeallscreamedHappyNewYear.Wedidn’tneedelectricityforthat!Nowadays,westillgettogetherwiththesamegrouptocelebratetheNewYearandwestilltalkaboutthatspecialnight.Idon’tthinkwehaveeverlaughedsomuchaswedidonthatNewYear’sEve.59.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthatparticularNewYear’sEve?(nomorethan8words)____________________________________________________________60.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostnecessaryqualitywhendealingwithanunexpecteddifficultsituation?Pleaseexplainwhy.(nomorethan25words)____________________________________________________________【答案59.Itwasthemostexcitingone./Itwasanightfilledwithlaughter./Itwasspecial./Exciting./Pleasant./（2023·天津·耀華中學(xué)校考一模）閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。Lifeonthestreetisaconstantstruggleforhomelesspeople.Inextremeweatherconditions,thatstrugglebeesevenmoredifficult.Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn’tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.OnJanuary30,34yearoldCandicePayne,alocalmanagingbroker,wasluckyenoughtohaveshelterfromthedangerousconditions.“Itwas20℃,andIknewtheyweregoingtobesleepingoniceandIhadtodosomething,”saidPayne.Paynestartedbrainstormingdifferentwaysshecouldpossiblyhelp.Finally,shedecidedtoseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableatlocalinnsandhotelsthatshecouldgettohelpthosestuckonthestreet.ForPayne,hermissionwaspersonal.AccordingtoPayne,herhusband,CarlosCallahan,hadlivedonthestreetatonepointinhislife.Basedonhisexperience,Payneknewthatthehomelesspeoplestilllivingonthestreetdesperatelyneededhelpandshewantedtostepup.However,whenPayneexplainedwhatshewastryingtodo,manyofthelocalhotelsrefusedtoallowhertopayfortheroomsastheydidn’twanthomelesspeopletostayintheirrooms.“Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,theAmberInn,wasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms,”saidPayne.Payne’sselflessactmadenewsacrossthecountry.However,sheinsistedshehadneverdoneitforattention.“Iamaregularperson,”saidPayne,whospentthousandsofdollarsofherownmoneytohelppletestrangers.“Itallsoundedlikearichpersondidthis,butI’mjustalittleblackgirlfromtheSouthSide.”60．WhywasCandicePaynedeterminedtohelphomelesspeople?(nomorethan10words)考點(diǎn)四、猜詞表達(dá)題一）題目要求：考生能夠利用上下文判斷某個(gè)單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子在特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中的確切含義。（二）設(shè)問(wèn)形式：①What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase/partinthe...paragraph'?②Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthe..paragraphmean?、（三）答題技巧：結(jié)合文章主旨大意、整合上下文語(yǔ)境信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，還要利用同義或者反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法及語(yǔ)篇文脈關(guān)系等理解猜測(cè)其含義有些題目需要對(duì)較大的上下文范圍進(jìn)行理解，甚至通過(guò)理解整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇．能進(jìn)行猜測(cè)判斷。（四）常用的回答形式有：①相近含義、相同詞性的單詞；②完整、直白、簡(jiǎn)短的句子。1、根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境理解詞義2、根據(jù)釋義猜測(cè)詞義：①借助畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后面破折號(hào)所給出的解釋、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)確定詞義。構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)和小括號(hào)等連接；定語(yǔ)從句在文中起著解釋和說(shuō)明的作用。②如果生詞在文中直接被句子或段落解釋?zhuān)斫饩渥踊蚨温浔旧砭湍芡茢喑鲈~義。2022年6月天津考題56.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninParagraph1?(1word)____________________________________________________________（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。TheAppalachianTrailattractsthousandsofserioushikerseachspring,onlyoneinfourhikerspletestheentiretrail.TheSuttonfamilyrecentlyfinishedhikingtheentiretrail.Theyareauniquetrio(三人組)astheirsonHarveyturnedfiveonthetrail,whichmakeshimtheyoungesttopletetheAppalachianTrail.JoshandCarrieSuttonsaidtheyneededtotake,breaksfrombusyworkcalledminiretirements.“Wesetthefamilygoaloflivingalifewithextraordinarystories.DoingthingslikehikingwithachildontheAppalachianTrailgivesyouextraordinarystories,”JoshSuttonsaid.WhenHarveyturnedthree,theytookhimwintercamping,andbythetimehewasfour,thefamilypleteda50milehike,campingoversixdays.SeeingthatHarveydevelopedapassionforhiking,theyplannedathruhikeontheAppalachianTrail.Hikingfromendtoendiscalledathruhikeandgenerallytakesfivetosevenmonthstoplete.TheyhitthetrailinGeorgiaonJanuary13,2021.Thefirstweekswerecold.Thetrailwasicyandsnowcovered,andtheweatherwasoftencloudyandbitter,sotheymadeslowprogress.Theywouldwakeupearlyeachday,packtheirgear(裝備),andthenstartwalking.Astheyhadmanymilestocovereachday,theyhadtobeinventiveandstartedusingimaginationandSkittles(彩虹糖)asincentiveforlittleHarvey.ThefamilypletedtheirjourneyonAugust9,2021.LittleHarveylearnedtocountallthewayto2,193,thetotalmileshislittlefeettraveled,andabignumberforsomeonewhojuststartedkindergarten.“Iwilldoitagainbecauselikeitsomuch,”saidHarvey.AlthoughtheSuttonsarenowbackhome,theyhaveincrediblememoriesofthisminiretirement.ThejourneyisalifechangingexperiencefortheSuttonfamilyandisaninspirationforfamilieswhodreamoftakingasimilarjourney.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inParagraph5probablymean?(nomorethan1word)過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)（2023·天津北辰·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。In2019,thestateofCaliforniawasonfire.AlexandriaVillaseor,whowas13atthetime,witnessedthedestructionofNorthernCalifornia’sCampFire,whichwouldgoontoburnmorethan150,000acresofland.Villaseorwasscared.“That’swhenIfoundouthowimportantclimateeducationwas,”shereflected.“Andjusthowmuchwelackedclimateeducationthesepastcoupleofyears.”Villaseor,attheageof15,wasdeterminedtohaveabiggerconversation.Shequicklyrealizedthefightrequiresinternational,governmentlevelchanges.Forher,whatstartedaslocalconcernturnedintoayearlongprotestinfrontoftheUnitedNations’NewYorkCityheadquartersandaglobalcampaignformorepulsoryclimateeducation.Shesatonabenchinfrontoftheheadquarters,beggingfortheworld’sleaderstotakeclimatechangeseriously.Heractionreceivednationalattention,withmillionsofotherstudentsaroundtheworldjoininginthemovement.“It’spletelyunacceptablenottolearnanythingaboutourplanetandourenvironmentinschool,afteralltheyoungpeoplewouldinherittheEarth.”Villaseorsaid,“That’swhyIthinkthatclimateeducationissoimportant,andthat’swhyIfocusalotonitnow.”Rightnow,VillaseorisworkingwiththeAmericanAdministrationonitsclimateplan,whichhaspromisedtocenterontheneedsofyoungpeopleandmunitiesmostimpactedbyclimatechange.Sheevenspokeatthe2021DemocraticNationalConvention.“ThiswasdefinitelyahugemomentwhenIrealizedthatpeoplewerelisteningtothevoicesofmeandyouthclimateactivists.”Villaseorsaid.Whensheisn’tconnectingwithherfellowyouthactivists,Villaseorislikemostotherteens.“Myfavoritethingtodo,ofcourse,issleep,”shesaid,“Iliketoreadalot.Ilikefantasybooks,normally.Ialsoliketowrite.”1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?(nomorethan10words)2．HowdidVillaseormaketheworld’sleadersattachimportancetoclimateeducation?(nomorethan15words)3．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?(nomorethan15words)4．WhenwasthehugemomenttoVillaseor?(nomorethan10words)5．WhatdoyouthinkofVillaseor?Pleaseexplaininyourownwords?(nomorethan20words)（2023·北京·北京交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)?？既＃╅喿x下面短文，根據(jù)題后要求回答問(wèn)題。Fashion’sMeltDownThrowawaycultureistrashingtheplanet—butoneyoungchemicalengineerhasherownwaytoturnitover.Fastfashionhaschangedthewaywedress.Webuymoreclothes,moreoften–butwewearthemless.AlinaBassi,founderofKleiderly,wantstogiveourclothingwasteanotherchanceatausefullife.Bassihasalwayscaredaboutthethreatofclimatechange,butsheactuallystartedhercareerintheoilindustry.Afterafewyears,shelandedatbiobean,astartupthatturnedwastecoffeegroundsintoproductsthatcouldbeburntforheatandfuel.Afterayear,Bassiwaskeentobranchout—usedcoffeegroundsarenotthebiggestthreatfacingtheplanet.Instead,shepouredhereffortsintotacklingamuchbiggerglobalpolluter:thefashionindustry.AccordingtotheEllenMacArthurFoundation,weproduce100billionitemsofclothingperyear,andthisissettodoubleby2050.Buttheydon’tlastlongenoughtooffset(抵消)thecarboncostofproducingthematerial,creatingtheclothes,andthenshippingthemtocustomers.“Itmakesnosensethatwehavesuchahighcarbonfootprintforsomethingsoshortlived.”Bassisays.Usingtheprinciplesofacirculareconomy,Bassihasdevelopedalowenergy,multistageprocesstoturnclothingfibresintoanalternativetooilbasedplastic.Thisnewplasticcanthenbeusedbymanufacturersintheirexistingmachines,sothatyouroldTshirtsandjeanswillbeedifferentproductsinsteadofclothes,suchasclothinghangers,orevenfurniture.Fashionpanieshavesomeotherwaystoreducefashionwaste,fromcreatingclothesdesignedtolast,torecyclingthefabrictomakemoreclothing.But“aproblemthisbigneedsmultiplesolutions,”Bassisays.“Wethinkaboutthemultiplelivesofaproductandhowwecankeepreusingitinsteadoflettingitfallintolandfillsorincinerators(焚化爐),”shesays.6．WhydidBassiswitchherfocustothefashionindustry?7．Howdidshetackletheproblemscausedbythefashionindustry?8．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.●Kleiderlycanchangeoldjacketsandtrousersintoanewmaterial,whichcanbeusedtomakemoreclothing.9．Pleasebrieflypresentyourownsolution(s)tothethrowawayproblemindailylife.(about40words)（2023·北京·清華附中?？既＃╅喿x下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}紙指定區(qū)域作答。Foryears,psychologistshaveknownhowtomeasuretheintelligenceofindividuals,butonlyrecentlyhavetheybeguntoinvestigatetheissueofgroupintelligence.Thisnotionstemsfromtheobservationthatsomegroupsseemtoworkfantasticallyacrosstasks,eventasksthatarenotverysimilar.Earlyinvestigationssuggestthatgroupintelligenceisnotthesumoftheintelligenceoftheindividualsinit.Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess?ResearchersatGooglehavetackledthisquestion.Theycollectedthousandsofdatapointsonhundredsofgroupsandbedthroughthemtryingtofindpatterns.Arethemembersofeffectivegroupsfriendsoutsideofwork?Dogroupswhosemembershavesimilarpersonalitiesorbackgroundsworktogetherbest?Theyputforwardmanytheoriesbutfoundnopatterstosupportthem.Infact,whowasinthegroupapparentlydidnotseemtomakeadifference;instead,thedifferencebetweenmoreandlesseffectivegroupsseemedtolieintheinteractionamongthemembers.Ineffectivegroups,membersspokeforaroughlyequalamountoftime—notateverymeetingorinteraction,butacrossthecourseofaproject.Additionally,ineffectivegroups,membersfaceoneanotherdirectlywhentheyspeak,usingenergeticandenthusiasticgestures.Moreover,sideconversationsbetweenindividualmembersduringmeetings,farfrombeingadistraction,actuallyincreasedthegroup’sproductivity.Thepositivebehaviorsuncoveredinthestudyoccurexclusivelyinfacetofaceinteraction.Onemightarguethatmostofthesefindingsareextremelyobvious,andneedlesstosay,goodmanagershaveprobablyalwaysunderstoodtheprinciples.However,understandinggroupintelligencecanhelpbusinessandotherorganizationsmakethefundamentalchangesnecessarytoimprovegroupperformance.Thereasonisthatoursocialandprofessionallivesarenotalwaysstructuredinwaysthatfacilitatethekindofinteractionthatapparentlyunderlineseffectivegroupperformance.10．Whatisthefindingofpreviousstudiesongroupintelligence?11．Whyisitimportantforpeopletounderstandgroupintelligence?12．Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhy.?Althoughsideconversationsdistractmembersduringmeetings,theycanhelptoboostthegroup’sefficiency.13．Apartfromwhatismentionedinthepassage,whatotherway(s)canweusetoimprovegroupintelligence?(Inabout40words)（2023·北京·人大附中?？既＃╅喿x下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問(wèn)題?！癐can’t”mightactuallymean“Idon’twantto,”“I’mafraid,”“I’mconfused,”oreven“Idon’tknowhow.”Andafterparsingouthiddenmeaningsforthehundredthtime,Icanunderstandwhymychildhoodgymnasticscoachhadputagymwidebanonthephrase.Anyonewhousedit,eventheothercoaches,hadtodo50pushupsbeforetryingconversationagain.Itwasn’tthathewantedpeopletodothingsbeyondtheirskillorsafetylevel.Thepolicywasagainstthewordsthemselves.Hefelttheywereashieldtohidebehindinsteadofadmittingmoreusefulandactionablehesitations.“I’mafraid.”“I’veneverdoneitbymyself.”“IneedtorestafewminutesbeforeItry.”“I’membarrassedtotryinfrontofotherpeople.”“Idon’twantto,because...”.Academicexperiencescanfollowthesamepattern.Answeringunexpectedquestionsortryinganewprotocolinfrontofanaudiencecanbecrippling,Homeworkproblemscanpoundandseemtogetworsewitheachtryinsteadofbetter.Weenduputtering“Ican’t,”becausesometimesit’seasierthan“IamsofrustratedandexhaustedthatIwanttocry,”“Thismakesmefeelsodumb,”oreven“Ineedhelp.”Asanasthmatic,mymostvividmemoriesefromtheannualhazingritualknownasthegymclassmilerun.Forme,“Ican’t”actuallymeant“I’mafraidofhavinganasthmaattackinfrontofallofmyclassmates,”and“It’ssoembarrassingtorunandbelapsbehindmypeers;Iwouldrathershieldmyegofromthehitbyintentionallywalkingthewholething,sopleaseleavemealone.”Myheartstillstartstoracejustthinkingofthenumberoftimesmyselfpreserving.“Ican’t”wasmetwithadismissive“Ofcourse,youcan.”Butlettingourselvesfallbackonthe“Ican’t”candomoredamagethanjusthidingourdeeperfeelings.Eventuallywe,andthepeoplearoundus,starttobelieveit.IknowtherearethingsIhavestoppedtryingbecause,well,Ijustcan’t.Sowhytry?ThenumberoflapsIhaveavoidedwithwelltimedbathroombreaksisstaggering.Ican’tgobackandtellmychildhoodselfthatthemilerunwasn’tworththeanticipatoryanxiety.ButIcanrememberhowbadlyIwishedevenoneclassmatehadacknowledgedthatIhadbarelymissedtheschoolrecordinsitandreachinsteadofteasingmeaboutlapsthenextday.Icanrememberthat“Ican’t”cansooftenmeansomethingelse.AndIcantakethetimetotrytoasktherightquestions,sothatIcansaysomethingmoreusefulinresponsethan“Ofcourseyoucan.”14．Whatwerepeoplesupposedtodoiftheysaid“Ican’t”inmychildhoodgymnastics?15．Whatdoes“Ican’t”actuallymeanwhenIsaidthatinthegymclassmilerun?16．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TherearethingsIhavestoppedtryingbecauseofthefactthatIamnotabletodothat.17．Describeoneofyourexperiencesofdealingwith“Ican’t”.(Inabout40words)（2023·北京·北京四中?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀下面短文，按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。Judgementisaqualitythatishardtodefinebutimportanttopossess.SirAndrewLikiermanoftheLondonBusinessSchoolsuggeststhatjudgmentis“thebinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandtakedecisions”.Andhearguesthat,thusdefined,judgmentinvolvesaprocess—takingininformation,decidingwhomandwhattotrust,summarizingone’spersonalknowledge,checkinganypriorbeliefsorfeelings,summarizingthechoicesavailableandthenmakingthedecision.Expertknowledgecanbeusefulinmakingjudgments.Buttheyarenotthesamething.“Academicshaveexpertknowledge,”SirAndrewobserves.“Th