中歐能源合作平臺(tái)：2023對(duì)氫技術(shù)的認(rèn)知度-調(diào)查報(bào)告-AWARENESS OF HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES

AWARENESS

OFHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIES

Surveyreport

MAY2023

?CleanHydrogenJU,2023

Reuseisauthorisedprovidedthesourceisacknowledged.ThereusepolicyofCleanHydrogenJUdocumentsisregulatedbyDecision2011/833/EU(OJL330,14.12.2011,p.39).ForanyuseorreproductionofelementsthatarenotownedbyCleanHydrogenPartnershippermissionmayneedtobesoughtdirectlyfromtherespectiverightsholders.

TheCleanHydrogenPartnershipdoesnotownthecopyrightinrelationtothefollowingelements:

?Frontcoverillustration:photobyShutterstock

PrintISBN978-92-9246-420-2doi:10.2843/414278EG-04-23-721-EN-CPDF978-92-9246-421-910.2843/289673EG-04-23-721-EN-N

PreparedfortheCleanHydrogenPartnershipundercontractREF.FCHCONTRACTNO.307by:

GallupInternationalGmbH

Lobkowitzplatz1–1010Wien

Austria

TheinformationandviewssetoutinthisreportarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialopinionoftheCleanHydrogenPartnership.TheCleanHydrogenPartnershipdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthisreport.NeithertheCleanHydrogenPartnershipnoranypersonactingontheCleanHydrogenPartnership’sbehalfmaybeheldresponsiblefortheusewhichmaybemadeoftheinformationcontainedtherein.

CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION 5

1.1.CONTEXT 5

1.2.AIMSOFTHESTUDY 5

2.ANALYSISOFTHERESULTS 6

2.1.KNOWLEDGEANDAWARENESSOFENERGYSOURCES 6

2.1.1.AWARENESSOFENERGYSOURCES 6

2.1.2.ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTOFENERGYSOURCES 7

2.1.3.SOURCESOFINFORMATIONONENERGY 10

2.1.4.IMPORTANTISSUES 11

2.2.ENERGYANDMOBILITY 13

2.2.1.CURRENTSITUATION 13

2.2.2.CONSIDERINGSWITCHINGTOACLEANERENERGY 15

2.3.PERCEPTIONSABOUTHYDROGEN 20

2.3.1.GENERALAWARENESS 20

2.3.2.PERCEPTIONSOFHYDROGEN 21

2.3.3.IMPACTONTHEENVIRONMENT 24

2.3.4.HYDROGENAPPLICATIONS 27

2.3.5.PERSONALEXPERIENCEOFHYDROGEN 31

2.3.6.INTERESTINHYDROGEN 32

3.CONCLUSION 34

4.ANNEX-METHODOLOGY 35

LISTOFCHARTS

Chart1:AO2:AwarenessoftypesofalternativeenergyatEU27level 6

Chart2:A03:PerceptionsofenvironmentalimpactatEUlevelonascaleof0-10where0hasabsolutely

noimpactontheenvironmentand10hasaverynegativeimpactontheenvironment 8

Chart3:A03:perceptionsofenvironmentalimpactofhydrogenbyMemberStateonascaleof0-10

where0hasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10hasaverynegativeimpactonthe

environment 9

Chart4:Sourcesofinformationonenergy(overallpercentage) 10

Chart5:A01:"very"&"fairly"importantenergyandenvironment-relatedissues(shownascombined

percentage) 11

Chart6:AO1“very"&"fairly"importantenergyandenvironment-relatedissuesbyMemberState(shown

ascombinedpercentage) 12

Chart7:B01–total%atEUlevelwhouseeachvehicleatleastonceaweek 13

Chart8:B02:typesoffuelsusedatEUlevelamongfrequentcarusersshownaspercentage 14

Chart9:B03–combinedpercentagebyMemberStateof"very"&"fairly"likelytoswitchtheircarfor

vehiclenotusingdieselofgasinnexttwoyears 15

Chart10:B03-"%likelyand%unlikelytoswitchtheircarforvehiclenotusingdieselofgasinnexttwo

yearsshownbylevelofurbanisationatEUlevel 16

Chart11:B04a-Influencesondecisiontoswitchtoacarusinganalternativeenergyshownas%atEU

level 16

Chart12:B04b:preferredchoiceofnewcarusinganalternativeenergyatEUlevelshownasoverall%

17

Chart13:B05–mainreasonsfornotconsideringmovingtoanalternativefuel,shownastotal%atEU

level 18

Chart14:B06:WillingnesstopaymoreforcleanerenergybyMemberState,showingcombined%"Yes,

definitely"&"Yes,tosomeextent" 19

Chart15:Haveyouseen,readorheardanythingabouthydrogen,shownas%byMemberState 20

Chart16:Haveyouseen,readorheardanythingabouthydrogen,shownas%bykeysociodemographic

groups 21

Chart17:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisagoodsolutionforreducingtheenergydependence

of[Country]–showscombined%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"byMemberState 22

Chart18:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisassafeastheuseofanyotherenergysource-

showscombined%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"byMemberState 23

Chart19:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisassafeastheuseofanyotherea24nergysource-

"showscombined%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"bygender 24

Chart20:A03:perceptionsofenvironmentalimpactofhydrogen-averageforeachMemberStateon

scaleof0to10where0meansithasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10meansitasa

verynegativeimpact 24

Chart21:A03:perceptionsofenvironmentalimpactofhydrogen-averagebykeysociodemographic

groupsonscaleof0to10where0meansithasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10means

itasaverynegativeimpact 25

Chart22:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisasustainableenergysource-showscombined%

of“Totallydisagree”&“tendtodisagree”byMemberStates 25

Chart23:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisaspollutingasdieselorgasoline-showscombined

%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"byMemberState 26

Chart24:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisaspollutingasdieselorgasoline-showscombined

%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"bykeysociodemographicgroups 27

Chart25:Showstotal%awareatquestionA04ofHydrogenasafuelfortransport(cars,buses,

trucks )byMemberState...........................................................................................................................28

Chart26:A04:total%awareofHydrogenasafuelfortransport(cars,buses,trucks )bygender....28

Chart27:Showstotal%awareatquestionA04offorHydrogenusedinsomeindustriestoreducetheir

impactonenvironmentbyMemberState 29

Chart28:A04:total%awareofHydrogenforheatinghousesorbuildingstoreducetheirimpacton

environmentbyMemberState 30

Chart29:A04:total%awareofHydrogenforheatinghousesorbuildingstoreducetheirimpacton

environmentbykeysociodemographicgroups 30

Chart30:A05:total%byMemberStatewhohaveexperiencedhydrogenenergyinanyofthethree

applications(vehiclefuel,inindustryorindomesticheating) 31

Chart31:B04B:Total%ofthosewhowouldswitchtoanewcarusinganalternativeenergy,whose

preferredchoicewouldbehydrogenshownbyMemberState 32

Chart32:B04B:Total%ofthosewhowouldswitchtoanewcarusinganalternativeenergy,whose

preferredchoicewouldbehydrogenshownbykeysociodemographicgroups 32

Chart32:33:B08–levelofinterestbyMemberStateinreceivingmoreinformationabouthydrogen

technologiesanditspotentialusesineverydaylife(showscombined%“Yes,definitely"&"Yes,tosome

extent") 33

Acronymsusedforthe27EUmemberstates

AT

Austria

FI

Finland

LV

Latvia

BE

Belgium

FR

France

MT

Malta

BG

Bulgaria

GR

Greece

NL

Netherlands

CY

Cyprus

HR

Croatia

PO

Poland

CZ

Czechia

HU

Hungary

PT

Portugal

DE

Germany

IE

Ireland

RO

Romania

DK

Denmark

IT

Italy

SE

Sweden

EE

Estonia

LT

Lithuania

SI

Slovenia

ES

Spain

LU

Luxembourg

SK

Slovakia

EU27All27EUmemberstates

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

ABSTRACT

Usageofhydrogenenergyislow-justoveroneintenhasusedit-butawarenessishighat82%.Approximatelyoneintenhaveneverheardofhydrogenenergy.Theoverallimageofhydrogenispositiveintermsofenvironmentalimpactcomparedtofossilandnuclearenergy,althoughgasolineanddieselremainthefuelsmostfrequentlyusedforcars.

Halfofthosewithgasolineordieselcarsarelikelytoswitchtoacarpoweredbyanalternativesourceofenergyinthenexttwoyears.73%saidthattheirpreferredchoiceforswitchingwouldbeforahybrid(40%)orelectricbattery(33%)vehicle.Oneinten(11%)wouldchoosehydrogen.Costisakeyfactorinthedecisionandisalsothekeyobstacleforthoseunlikelytoswitch,althoughsixintenarereadytopaymoreforacleanerenergy.

Sevenintenagreethathydrogenenergycanreduceenergydependenceandbelievethatit’sasustainableenergysource.Hydrogenisalsoseenassafe-sixintenbelieveitisassafeasanyotherenergysource.AwarenessofhydrogenishighasmorethaneightoutoftenrespondentsintheEUhaverecentlyseen,readorheardsomethingaboutit.

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1Context

Inordertoincreasesocialacceptanceandtrustinhydrogen-basedtechnologiesthroughouttheEuropeanUnion,publicawarenessactivitiesareessential.Theyareneededinparticulartotackleanypotentialknowledgegapsorareasofmistrustamongstthegeneralpublicwhichcouldhinderpotentialuptakeinusageofthesetechnologies.

TheCleanHydrogenJointUndertaking,anEUpublic-privatepartnership,aimstosupporthydrogentechnologiesinEurope.Oneoftheobjectivesofthepartnershipistoincreasepublicandprivateawareness,acceptanceanduptakeofcleanhydrogensolutions.

Forthispurpose,apublicopinionsurveywaslaunchedtoanalyseandassessEuropeancitizens’attitudestowardsandlevelofknowledgeofhydrogentechnologiesanddetermineabaselineformonitoringchangesinpublicopinionovertime.

Thisreportpresentstheresultsofthissurvey,conductedinAutumn2022.andexploresarangeofissues,includingknowledgeandawarenessofenergyingeneralandofhydrogenenergyinparticular.

1.2Aimsofthestudy

Themainobjectivesofthesurveywere:

?Tounderstandperceptionsontheuseoffuelcellsandhydrogen(FCH)technologiesintermsof:

oOverallawareness,acceptanceanduptakeofhydrogentechnologies

oPerceptionsofthesafetyandsustainabilityofhydrogentechnologies

?TocreateabenchmarkmetricthatwillbeabletotrackchangingperceptionsintheEuropeanpopulationovertime

?Toprovideabasisforfurtheranalysisandrecommendations

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

2.ANALYSISOFTHERESULTS

2.1Knowledgeandawarenessofenergysources

Thissectionexploresknowledgeandperceptionsaboutenergysourcesingeneralandhydrogeninparticular,beforefocusingonthewayinwhichcitizensperceivetheenergy-relatedissueswhichfacetheircountry.

2.1.1AWARENESSOFENERGYSOURCES

Respondentswereaskedtheextenttowhichtheyhadseen,readorheardanythingaboutalternativeenergysources.Theawarenesslevelsforallalternativeenergiesareveryhighwithmorethannineintenrespondentsawareofsolarandwindenergy(respectively95%and94%).

Overeightintenrespondents(82%)areawareofhydrogenenergy.

Thisveryhighlevelofawarenessisconsistentacrossallsociodemographicsubgroupsofthepopulationwithnonotabledifferencesbyage,gender,orlevelofeducation.

A02.Asyoumayknow,inthelastyears,severalnewcleanenergysourceshavebeendevelopedtopromotealternativestoreducedependenceupon

traditionalfossilfuelslikeoil,gasorcoal.Haveyouseen,read,orheardanythingabouteachofthefollowingenergysources?

Yes,andyouareratherfamiliarwithit.

Yes,butyouarenotatallfamiliarwithitNo,youhaveneverheardorreadaboutitDon’tknow/Noanswer

Chart1:AO2:AwarenessoftypesofalternativeenergyatEU27level

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

Amongtherenewableenergies,solarandwindenergyarethemostwidelyknown.ThereisaparticularlyhighlevelofawarenessinSouthernEuropelikeGreece,Cyprus,andMalta.

Hydrogenisanenergysourcewithwhichthepublicislessfamiliar.However,peoplearemorefamiliarwithhydrogenthangeothermalenergyinonethirdoftheEUcountries,especiallyintheNetherlandsandinMaltaandoverallawarenessofhydrogenisslightlyhigherthangeothermalenergy(82%comparedto80%).

ThetypeofenergywiththewidestrangeinthelevelofawarenessacrossthedifferentEUMemberStatesishydropower.InDenmarkonly18%ofthepopulationisfamiliarwithhydropower,whileinGreeceandAustriaitisover70%.ThehighestleveloffamiliarityforallenergysourcesisseeninSlovakiawhereasCyprusalwaysranksinthebottomthree.

Insection

0

(

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

2.3Perceptionsofhydrogen)

ofourreport,wehaveincludedamoredetailedanalysiswhichfocusessolelyonhydrogenawareness.

2.1.2ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTOFENERGYSOURCES

Respondentswereaskedtorateeachtypeofenergytypeintermsofitsimpactontheenvironment.Thescaleusedwasfrom0to10,where0signifiednoimpactand10signifiedaverynegativeimpact.

FossilenergyiswidelyrecognisedtohavethemostnegativeimpactontheenvironmentwithanEUaverageof7,7outof10.ThisisfollowedbynuclearenergywithanoverallEUaverageof6,3.

Bycontrast,hydrogenisconsideredmuchmorepositivelyintermsofitsenvironmentalimpactwithanaverageratingof3.9.Theenvironmentalimpactofsolar,windandhydropowerenergiesareratedthemostpositivelywithaverageratingsofrespectively2.6,3and3.4

A03.Accordingtowhatyouknow,couldyoutellustowhatextenteachofthefollowingsourceshasanimpactornotontheenvironment?

0Hasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironment

10Hasaverynegativeimpactontheenvironment

Chart2:A03:PerceptionsofenvironmentalimpactatEUlevelonascaleof0-10where0hasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10hasaverynegativeimpactontheenvironment

InallEUMemberStates,fossilandnuclearenergyareconsideredtobethetwotypesofenergywhichhavethemostnegativeimpactontheenvironment.However,thisoverall“average”viewobscuresthewiderangeofopinionatthelevelofindividualMemberState.Opinionismostpolarisedovertheenvironmentalimpactofnuclearenergywhichrangesfrom7,2inGreeceto3,5inDenmark.

InseveralEUMemberStates,hydrogenisconsideredtohavearelativelylownegativeimpactontheenvironmentcomparedtoothertypesofenergy,particularlyinGermanywheretheaverageratingofits

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

impactwas3,5.RespondentsinFrance(4,4),Spain(4,4)andSweden(4,5)weremostlikelytobelievehydrogenhasanegativeimpact.

A03.Accordingtowhatyouknow,couldyoutellustowhatextenteachofthefollowingsourceshasanimpactornotontheenvironment?HYDROGEN

Chart3:A03:perceptionsofenvironmentalimpactofhydrogenbyMemberStateonascaleof0-10

where0hasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10hasaverynegativeimpactontheenvironment

Thesocio-demographicanalysisrevealsfewdifferences.Women(4.3)arelesslikelythanmen(3.5)tohaveapositiveassessmentoftheimpactofhydrogenenergyontheenvironmentofhydrogen.Olderrespondentsweremuchmorepositive(2.9)abouttheimpactofhydrogenenergyontheenvironmentthanyoungeragegroups(wheretheaverageratingwashigherthan4.5forthoseagedbetween15and39years).

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

2.1.3SOURCESOFINFORMATIONONENERGY

Thissectionlooksatthesourcesofinformationthatrespondentsusewhenlookingforinformationonenergy.

Traditionalmedia(liketelevision)andonlinearethesourcesmostlikelytobeusedbythepublicwhenseekinginformationonenergy:54%ofrespondentssaytheygoontheInternettogetthisinformation,47%wouldfinditontelevisionand30%woulddiscusstheissuewithfriendsandrelatives.Only6%ofrespondentsclaimnevertolookforinformationaboutenergy.

Fewerthanthreerespondentsintenfindsuchinformationviasocialnetworks(28%)orinothernewspapersandmagazines(19%).Another19%wouldrelyonradioasaninformationsourceonenergy.

B09.Whenyoulookforinformationonenergyingeneral,whichofthefollowingsources,ifany,doyouuse?

Chart4:Sourcesofinformationonenergy(overallpercentage)

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

2.1.4IMPORTANTENERGYANDENVIRONMENT-RELATEDISSUES

Respondentswerealsoaskedwhichtheyfeltwerethemostimportantenergyandenvironmentrelatedissuesfacingtheircountry.Eachoftheissuespresentedtorespondentswereconsideredbyalargemajorityofrespondentstobeanimportantissuefacingtheircountry.

Withthecurrentcontextoftheglobalenergycrisis,energydependenceisseenasbeinganimportantissuefortheircountryby90%ofrespondents.

Waterscarcityandairpollution(bothat87%)arealsowidelyconsideredasimportantissues,followedcloselybygreenhousegasemissions(83%).

A01.Towhatextentdoyoufeelthateachofthefollowingrepresentsanimportantissuefacing[country]atthemoment?

Chart5:A01:"very"&"fairly"importantenergyandenvironment-relatedissues(shownascombinedpercentage)

ThesamepatterncanbeobservedacrossallEUMemberStates.Whiletheenergyproblemisawidespreadconcernacrossallcountries,lessthanhalfofthosesurveyedintheBalticstatesandFinlandexpressedconcernaboutwaterscarcity.Forexample,only23%ofLatviansareconcernedaboutwaterscarcity(veryandfairlyimportant),comparedto96%ofSpanishrespondents.

Latvian(55%),Estonian(60%),andCzechcitizens(68%)arelessconcernedthanotherEUMemberStatesaboutairpollutionandalsoaboutgreenhousegasemissions(50%,55%and63%respectively).

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

Chart6:AO1“very"&"fairly"importantenergyandenvironment-relatedissuesbyMemberState(shownascombinedpercentage)

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

2.2Energyandmobility

Thesurveyexaminedcitizens’behaviourintermsoftheirownenergyconsumptionhabitsinrelationtodailymobility.Differentquestionswereaskedtodeterminecurrentandfuturetrendsofenergyconsumptionaswellastomeasurepeople’swillingnesstoswitchtoamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyenergysource.

2.2.1CURRENTSITUATION

Respondentswerefirstaskedaboutthetype(s)ofvehicletheyuseforprofessionalorprivatereasons.Justoverthreequarters(77%)useacaratleastonceaweek.Bicyclesandpublictransportwerebothmentionedbyaround4in10(41%and40%respectively),whilemotorbikesareusedbyaroundoneinten(11%).

B01.Howoftendoyouuseeachofthefollowing,forprofessionalorprivatereasons?(Answers“atleastonceaweek”-%EU)

Chart7:B01–total%atEUlevelwhouseeachvehicleatleastonceaweek

WhilecarusageisconsistentlyhighacrossallEUMemberStates,theuseofpublictransportvariessignificantly.Spanish(54%),Luxembourgish(49%),andHungarianrespondents(49%)aremorelikelytofrequentlyusepublictransport.PublictransportusageislowestinCyprus(7%),Slovenia(20%),Croatia(24%),Malta(25%)andtheNetherlands(30%).

TheNetherlandsshowsthehighestproportionofbicycleusage(70%),followedbyPoland(55%),Denmark(49%),Germany(47%)andBelgium(46%).

Thosewhosaidthattheyusedacarwereaskedabouttheircurrentfuelconsumptionpatterns.

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

B02.Whichofthefollowingfuelsdoyoucurrentlyuseinthecarthatyoumostfrequentlyuse?(ONLYTOFREQUENTUSERSOFCARS-%EU)

Chart8:B02:typesoffuelsusedatEUlevelamongfrequentcarusersshownaspercentage

Gasolineanddieselarethemainfuelsusedmostfrequentlyforcars,accountingbetweenthemfor81%ofcarusers.Alternativeenergytypesontheotherhandareusedbyamuchsmallerproportionofrespondents.Electricenergyaccountedfor8%ofenergyusedmostfrequently,includingbothhybridcars(6%)andfullyelectric(2%).Gas(LPGorCNG)accountedfor6%,withbiofuelsonlymentionedby2%ofthosesurveyed.

Only0.4%ofthosesurveyedsaythattheyuseahydrogen-poweredcarmostfrequently.

GasolineanddieselconsumptionpatternsvaryalittlebetweenEUMemberStates.IntheNetherlandsforexample,dieselwasmentionedbyonlyoneintenrespondents.AlternativefuelconsumptionisconsistentlylowacrossallEUMemberStates,althoughslightlyhigherusagewasobservedinsomecountries.InSwedenforexample,respondentsaremorelikelytouseelectricbatteries(5%)orhybridenergy(9%)fortheircars.HybridcarsarealsomorelikelytobementionedinItaly(9%)andIreland(9%).GasusageincarsismorecommoninBulgaria(17%)andinItaly(14%).

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

2.2.2CONSIDERINGSWITCHINGTOACLEANERENERGY

Frequentusersofgasolineordieselcarswerethenaskedabouttheirlikelihoodofswitchingtoanewvehicle“notusinggasolineordiesel”.

Half(49%)ofrespondentsoverallansweredthattheyarelikelyorverylikelytoswitchtoacarpowered

byanalternativesourceofenergyinthenext2years,althoughthisvariesconsiderablybyEUMember

Stateasillustratedbelow.

B03.Howlikelyareyoutoconsiderswitchingyourcurrentcarforavehiclenotusingdieselorgasolineinthenext2years?

Chart9:B03-combinedpercentagebyMemberStateof"very"&"fairly"likelytoswitchtheircarforvehiclenotusingdieselofgasinnexttwoyears

ThelikelihoodofswitchingtoavehiclenotusingdieselorgasolineishigherinSouthernEuropeancountries-particularlyinItaly(68%),Spain(61%),Romania(56%)andPortugal(54%).Conversely,Estonians(22%),Czechs(26%),andHungarians(31%)wereleastlikelytosaytheywouldswitch.

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

Chart10:B03-"%likelyand%unlikelytoswitchtheircarforvehiclenotusingdieselofgasinnexttwoyearsshownbylevelofurbanisationatEUlevel

Thelikelihoodofswitchingtoavehiclenotusingdieselorgasolinewashigheramongstrespondentslivinginurbanareas,with53%ofthoselivinginlargecitieswhosaidtheywouldbelikelytoswitch.Therewerealsodifferencesobservedbylevelofwiththosewhofinishedtheirstudiesatalateragemorelikelytosaytheywerelikelytoswitchtoanalternativefuel(53%).

Respondentswerethenaskedaboutthemainconsiderationswhichwouldaffecttheirdecisiontoswitchtoavehiclenotusingdieselorgasoline.Thisquestionwasaskedofthosewhosaideitherthattheywere“verylikely”or“fairlylikely”toswitchinthenexttwoyears.

B04a.Howmuchwouldthefollowingpointsinfluenceyourdecisiontoswitchtoacarusinganalternativeenergy?

Chart11:B04a-Influencesondecisiontoswitchtoacarusinganalternativeenergyshownas%atEUlevel

PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023

Thecostofpurchasingthenewvehicle(88%)andtheavailabilityofrefuellingstations(86%),werethefactorsmostlikelytoinfluence(alotorsomewhat)theswitchingdecision.

Reflectingthekeyconcernofthecostofswitching,morethaneightoutoftenrespondentssaidthatsomeformoffinancialincentive(i.e.subsidies,taxreduction…)wouldalsoinfluencetheirdecision.

Thereliabilityofthealternativeenergywasaconcernfor86%ofrespondentswhofeltitwouldinfluencetheirdecision.

Respondentswhosaidthattheywere“very”or“fairly”likelytoswitchtoavehiclenotusingdieselorgasolineinthenexttwoyearswerethenaskedabouttheirpreferredtypesofalternativeenergy.

B04b.Ifyouweretoswitchtoanewcarusinganalternativeenergy,whichofthefollowingwouldbeyourpreferredchoice?

Chart12:B04b:preferredchoiceofnewcarusinganalternativeenergyatEUlevelshownasoverall%

Aroundthreequarters(73%)ofthoselikelytoswitchsaidthattheirpreferredchoicewouldbeforahybrid(40%)orelectricbattery(33%)vehicle.Oneinten(11%)saidthathydrogenwouldbetheirpreferredchoice,aheadofgas(LNGorCNG)(6%)andbiofuels(5%).

RespondentsinMalta(52%),Denmark(48%)andIreland(45%)weremostlikelytoexpressapreferenceforelectricbatteries.InCyprus(47%),Italy(46%),andSpain(45%)hybridcarswerethemostfrequentlymentioned.

HydrogenwasmostlikelytobethepreferredoptioninLuxembourg(19%),Austria(15%),Germany(15%)andCzechia(15%).

ThepreferenceforbiofuelsorgasasanalternativeenergywasconsistentlylowacrossallEUMemberStates.RespondentsinFrance(11%)andAustria(10%)werethemostlikelytochooseb