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AWARENESS
OFHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIES
Surveyreport
MAY2023
?CleanHydrogenJU,2023
Reuseisauthorisedprovidedthesourceisacknowledged.ThereusepolicyofCleanHydrogenJUdocumentsisregulatedbyDecision2011/833/EU(OJL330,14.12.2011,p.39).ForanyuseorreproductionofelementsthatarenotownedbyCleanHydrogenPartnershippermissionmayneedtobesoughtdirectlyfromtherespectiverightsholders.
TheCleanHydrogenPartnershipdoesnotownthecopyrightinrelationtothefollowingelements:
?Frontcoverillustration:photobyShutterstock
PrintISBN978-92-9246-420-2doi:10.2843/414278EG-04-23-721-EN-CPDF978-92-9246-421-910.2843/289673EG-04-23-721-EN-N
PreparedfortheCleanHydrogenPartnershipundercontractREF.FCHCONTRACTNO.307by:
GallupInternationalGmbH
Lobkowitzplatz1–1010Wien
Austria
TheinformationandviewssetoutinthisreportarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialopinionoftheCleanHydrogenPartnership.TheCleanHydrogenPartnershipdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthisreport.NeithertheCleanHydrogenPartnershipnoranypersonactingontheCleanHydrogenPartnership’sbehalfmaybeheldresponsiblefortheusewhichmaybemadeoftheinformationcontainedtherein.
CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION 5
1.1.CONTEXT 5
1.2.AIMSOFTHESTUDY 5
2.ANALYSISOFTHERESULTS 6
2.1.KNOWLEDGEANDAWARENESSOFENERGYSOURCES 6
2.1.1.AWARENESSOFENERGYSOURCES 6
2.1.2.ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTOFENERGYSOURCES 7
2.1.3.SOURCESOFINFORMATIONONENERGY 10
2.1.4.IMPORTANTISSUES 11
2.2.ENERGYANDMOBILITY 13
2.2.1.CURRENTSITUATION 13
2.2.2.CONSIDERINGSWITCHINGTOACLEANERENERGY 15
2.3.PERCEPTIONSABOUTHYDROGEN 20
2.3.1.GENERALAWARENESS 20
2.3.2.PERCEPTIONSOFHYDROGEN 21
2.3.3.IMPACTONTHEENVIRONMENT 24
2.3.4.HYDROGENAPPLICATIONS 27
2.3.5.PERSONALEXPERIENCEOFHYDROGEN 31
2.3.6.INTERESTINHYDROGEN 32
3.CONCLUSION 34
4.ANNEX-METHODOLOGY 35
LISTOFCHARTS
Chart1:AO2:AwarenessoftypesofalternativeenergyatEU27level 6
Chart2:A03:PerceptionsofenvironmentalimpactatEUlevelonascaleof0-10where0hasabsolutely
noimpactontheenvironmentand10hasaverynegativeimpactontheenvironment 8
Chart3:A03:perceptionsofenvironmentalimpactofhydrogenbyMemberStateonascaleof0-10
where0hasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10hasaverynegativeimpactonthe
environment 9
Chart4:Sourcesofinformationonenergy(overallpercentage) 10
Chart5:A01:"very"&"fairly"importantenergyandenvironment-relatedissues(shownascombined
percentage) 11
Chart6:AO1“very"&"fairly"importantenergyandenvironment-relatedissuesbyMemberState(shown
ascombinedpercentage) 12
Chart7:B01–total%atEUlevelwhouseeachvehicleatleastonceaweek 13
Chart8:B02:typesoffuelsusedatEUlevelamongfrequentcarusersshownaspercentage 14
Chart9:B03–combinedpercentagebyMemberStateof"very"&"fairly"likelytoswitchtheircarfor
vehiclenotusingdieselofgasinnexttwoyears 15
Chart10:B03-"%likelyand%unlikelytoswitchtheircarforvehiclenotusingdieselofgasinnexttwo
yearsshownbylevelofurbanisationatEUlevel 16
Chart11:B04a-Influencesondecisiontoswitchtoacarusinganalternativeenergyshownas%atEU
level 16
Chart12:B04b:preferredchoiceofnewcarusinganalternativeenergyatEUlevelshownasoverall%
17
Chart13:B05–mainreasonsfornotconsideringmovingtoanalternativefuel,shownastotal%atEU
level 18
Chart14:B06:WillingnesstopaymoreforcleanerenergybyMemberState,showingcombined%"Yes,
definitely"&"Yes,tosomeextent" 19
Chart15:Haveyouseen,readorheardanythingabouthydrogen,shownas%byMemberState 20
Chart16:Haveyouseen,readorheardanythingabouthydrogen,shownas%bykeysociodemographic
groups 21
Chart17:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisagoodsolutionforreducingtheenergydependence
of[Country]–showscombined%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"byMemberState 22
Chart18:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisassafeastheuseofanyotherenergysource-
showscombined%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"byMemberState 23
Chart19:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisassafeastheuseofanyotherea24nergysource-
"showscombined%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"bygender 24
Chart20:A03:perceptionsofenvironmentalimpactofhydrogen-averageforeachMemberStateon
scaleof0to10where0meansithasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10meansitasa
verynegativeimpact 24
Chart21:A03:perceptionsofenvironmentalimpactofhydrogen-averagebykeysociodemographic
groupsonscaleof0to10where0meansithasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10means
itasaverynegativeimpact 25
Chart22:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisasustainableenergysource-showscombined%
of“Totallydisagree”&“tendtodisagree”byMemberStates 25
Chart23:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisaspollutingasdieselorgasoline-showscombined
%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"byMemberState 26
Chart24:AnswerstoquestionB07forHydrogenisaspollutingasdieselorgasoline-showscombined
%for"Totallyagree"&"tendtoagree"bykeysociodemographicgroups 27
Chart25:Showstotal%awareatquestionA04ofHydrogenasafuelfortransport(cars,buses,
trucks )byMemberState...........................................................................................................................28
Chart26:A04:total%awareofHydrogenasafuelfortransport(cars,buses,trucks )bygender....28
Chart27:Showstotal%awareatquestionA04offorHydrogenusedinsomeindustriestoreducetheir
impactonenvironmentbyMemberState 29
Chart28:A04:total%awareofHydrogenforheatinghousesorbuildingstoreducetheirimpacton
environmentbyMemberState 30
Chart29:A04:total%awareofHydrogenforheatinghousesorbuildingstoreducetheirimpacton
environmentbykeysociodemographicgroups 30
Chart30:A05:total%byMemberStatewhohaveexperiencedhydrogenenergyinanyofthethree
applications(vehiclefuel,inindustryorindomesticheating) 31
Chart31:B04B:Total%ofthosewhowouldswitchtoanewcarusinganalternativeenergy,whose
preferredchoicewouldbehydrogenshownbyMemberState 32
Chart32:B04B:Total%ofthosewhowouldswitchtoanewcarusinganalternativeenergy,whose
preferredchoicewouldbehydrogenshownbykeysociodemographicgroups 32
Chart32:33:B08–levelofinterestbyMemberStateinreceivingmoreinformationabouthydrogen
technologiesanditspotentialusesineverydaylife(showscombined%“Yes,definitely"&"Yes,tosome
extent") 33
Acronymsusedforthe27EUmemberstates
AT
Austria
FI
Finland
LV
Latvia
BE
Belgium
FR
France
MT
Malta
BG
Bulgaria
GR
Greece
NL
Netherlands
CY
Cyprus
HR
Croatia
PO
Poland
CZ
Czechia
HU
Hungary
PT
Portugal
DE
Germany
IE
Ireland
RO
Romania
DK
Denmark
IT
Italy
SE
Sweden
EE
Estonia
LT
Lithuania
SI
Slovenia
ES
Spain
LU
Luxembourg
SK
Slovakia
EU27All27EUmemberstates
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
ABSTRACT
Usageofhydrogenenergyislow-justoveroneintenhasusedit-butawarenessishighat82%.Approximatelyoneintenhaveneverheardofhydrogenenergy.Theoverallimageofhydrogenispositiveintermsofenvironmentalimpactcomparedtofossilandnuclearenergy,althoughgasolineanddieselremainthefuelsmostfrequentlyusedforcars.
Halfofthosewithgasolineordieselcarsarelikelytoswitchtoacarpoweredbyanalternativesourceofenergyinthenexttwoyears.73%saidthattheirpreferredchoiceforswitchingwouldbeforahybrid(40%)orelectricbattery(33%)vehicle.Oneinten(11%)wouldchoosehydrogen.Costisakeyfactorinthedecisionandisalsothekeyobstacleforthoseunlikelytoswitch,althoughsixintenarereadytopaymoreforacleanerenergy.
Sevenintenagreethathydrogenenergycanreduceenergydependenceandbelievethatit’sasustainableenergysource.Hydrogenisalsoseenassafe-sixintenbelieveitisassafeasanyotherenergysource.AwarenessofhydrogenishighasmorethaneightoutoftenrespondentsintheEUhaverecentlyseen,readorheardsomethingaboutit.
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1Context
Inordertoincreasesocialacceptanceandtrustinhydrogen-basedtechnologiesthroughouttheEuropeanUnion,publicawarenessactivitiesareessential.Theyareneededinparticulartotackleanypotentialknowledgegapsorareasofmistrustamongstthegeneralpublicwhichcouldhinderpotentialuptakeinusageofthesetechnologies.
TheCleanHydrogenJointUndertaking,anEUpublic-privatepartnership,aimstosupporthydrogentechnologiesinEurope.Oneoftheobjectivesofthepartnershipistoincreasepublicandprivateawareness,acceptanceanduptakeofcleanhydrogensolutions.
Forthispurpose,apublicopinionsurveywaslaunchedtoanalyseandassessEuropeancitizens’attitudestowardsandlevelofknowledgeofhydrogentechnologiesanddetermineabaselineformonitoringchangesinpublicopinionovertime.
Thisreportpresentstheresultsofthissurvey,conductedinAutumn2022.andexploresarangeofissues,includingknowledgeandawarenessofenergyingeneralandofhydrogenenergyinparticular.
1.2Aimsofthestudy
Themainobjectivesofthesurveywere:
?Tounderstandperceptionsontheuseoffuelcellsandhydrogen(FCH)technologiesintermsof:
oOverallawareness,acceptanceanduptakeofhydrogentechnologies
oPerceptionsofthesafetyandsustainabilityofhydrogentechnologies
?TocreateabenchmarkmetricthatwillbeabletotrackchangingperceptionsintheEuropeanpopulationovertime
?Toprovideabasisforfurtheranalysisandrecommendations
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
2.ANALYSISOFTHERESULTS
2.1Knowledgeandawarenessofenergysources
Thissectionexploresknowledgeandperceptionsaboutenergysourcesingeneralandhydrogeninparticular,beforefocusingonthewayinwhichcitizensperceivetheenergy-relatedissueswhichfacetheircountry.
2.1.1AWARENESSOFENERGYSOURCES
Respondentswereaskedtheextenttowhichtheyhadseen,readorheardanythingaboutalternativeenergysources.Theawarenesslevelsforallalternativeenergiesareveryhighwithmorethannineintenrespondentsawareofsolarandwindenergy(respectively95%and94%).
Overeightintenrespondents(82%)areawareofhydrogenenergy.
Thisveryhighlevelofawarenessisconsistentacrossallsociodemographicsubgroupsofthepopulationwithnonotabledifferencesbyage,gender,orlevelofeducation.
A02.Asyoumayknow,inthelastyears,severalnewcleanenergysourceshavebeendevelopedtopromotealternativestoreducedependenceupon
traditionalfossilfuelslikeoil,gasorcoal.Haveyouseen,read,orheardanythingabouteachofthefollowingenergysources?
Yes,andyouareratherfamiliarwithit.
Yes,butyouarenotatallfamiliarwithitNo,youhaveneverheardorreadaboutitDon’tknow/Noanswer
Chart1:AO2:AwarenessoftypesofalternativeenergyatEU27level
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
Amongtherenewableenergies,solarandwindenergyarethemostwidelyknown.ThereisaparticularlyhighlevelofawarenessinSouthernEuropelikeGreece,Cyprus,andMalta.
Hydrogenisanenergysourcewithwhichthepublicislessfamiliar.However,peoplearemorefamiliarwithhydrogenthangeothermalenergyinonethirdoftheEUcountries,especiallyintheNetherlandsandinMaltaandoverallawarenessofhydrogenisslightlyhigherthangeothermalenergy(82%comparedto80%).
ThetypeofenergywiththewidestrangeinthelevelofawarenessacrossthedifferentEUMemberStatesishydropower.InDenmarkonly18%ofthepopulationisfamiliarwithhydropower,whileinGreeceandAustriaitisover70%.ThehighestleveloffamiliarityforallenergysourcesisseeninSlovakiawhereasCyprusalwaysranksinthebottomthree.
Insection
0
(
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
2.3Perceptionsofhydrogen)
ofourreport,wehaveincludedamoredetailedanalysiswhichfocusessolelyonhydrogenawareness.
2.1.2ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTOFENERGYSOURCES
Respondentswereaskedtorateeachtypeofenergytypeintermsofitsimpactontheenvironment.Thescaleusedwasfrom0to10,where0signifiednoimpactand10signifiedaverynegativeimpact.
FossilenergyiswidelyrecognisedtohavethemostnegativeimpactontheenvironmentwithanEUaverageof7,7outof10.ThisisfollowedbynuclearenergywithanoverallEUaverageof6,3.
Bycontrast,hydrogenisconsideredmuchmorepositivelyintermsofitsenvironmentalimpactwithanaverageratingof3.9.Theenvironmentalimpactofsolar,windandhydropowerenergiesareratedthemostpositivelywithaverageratingsofrespectively2.6,3and3.4
A03.Accordingtowhatyouknow,couldyoutellustowhatextenteachofthefollowingsourceshasanimpactornotontheenvironment?
0Hasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironment
10Hasaverynegativeimpactontheenvironment
Chart2:A03:PerceptionsofenvironmentalimpactatEUlevelonascaleof0-10where0hasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10hasaverynegativeimpactontheenvironment
InallEUMemberStates,fossilandnuclearenergyareconsideredtobethetwotypesofenergywhichhavethemostnegativeimpactontheenvironment.However,thisoverall“average”viewobscuresthewiderangeofopinionatthelevelofindividualMemberState.Opinionismostpolarisedovertheenvironmentalimpactofnuclearenergywhichrangesfrom7,2inGreeceto3,5inDenmark.
InseveralEUMemberStates,hydrogenisconsideredtohavearelativelylownegativeimpactontheenvironmentcomparedtoothertypesofenergy,particularlyinGermanywheretheaverageratingofits
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
impactwas3,5.RespondentsinFrance(4,4),Spain(4,4)andSweden(4,5)weremostlikelytobelievehydrogenhasanegativeimpact.
A03.Accordingtowhatyouknow,couldyoutellustowhatextenteachofthefollowingsourceshasanimpactornotontheenvironment?HYDROGEN
Chart3:A03:perceptionsofenvironmentalimpactofhydrogenbyMemberStateonascaleof0-10
where0hasabsolutelynoimpactontheenvironmentand10hasaverynegativeimpactontheenvironment
Thesocio-demographicanalysisrevealsfewdifferences.Women(4.3)arelesslikelythanmen(3.5)tohaveapositiveassessmentoftheimpactofhydrogenenergyontheenvironmentofhydrogen.Olderrespondentsweremuchmorepositive(2.9)abouttheimpactofhydrogenenergyontheenvironmentthanyoungeragegroups(wheretheaverageratingwashigherthan4.5forthoseagedbetween15and39years).
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
2.1.3SOURCESOFINFORMATIONONENERGY
Thissectionlooksatthesourcesofinformationthatrespondentsusewhenlookingforinformationonenergy.
Traditionalmedia(liketelevision)andonlinearethesourcesmostlikelytobeusedbythepublicwhenseekinginformationonenergy:54%ofrespondentssaytheygoontheInternettogetthisinformation,47%wouldfinditontelevisionand30%woulddiscusstheissuewithfriendsandrelatives.Only6%ofrespondentsclaimnevertolookforinformationaboutenergy.
Fewerthanthreerespondentsintenfindsuchinformationviasocialnetworks(28%)orinothernewspapersandmagazines(19%).Another19%wouldrelyonradioasaninformationsourceonenergy.
B09.Whenyoulookforinformationonenergyingeneral,whichofthefollowingsources,ifany,doyouuse?
Chart4:Sourcesofinformationonenergy(overallpercentage)
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
2.1.4IMPORTANTENERGYANDENVIRONMENT-RELATEDISSUES
Respondentswerealsoaskedwhichtheyfeltwerethemostimportantenergyandenvironmentrelatedissuesfacingtheircountry.Eachoftheissuespresentedtorespondentswereconsideredbyalargemajorityofrespondentstobeanimportantissuefacingtheircountry.
Withthecurrentcontextoftheglobalenergycrisis,energydependenceisseenasbeinganimportantissuefortheircountryby90%ofrespondents.
Waterscarcityandairpollution(bothat87%)arealsowidelyconsideredasimportantissues,followedcloselybygreenhousegasemissions(83%).
A01.Towhatextentdoyoufeelthateachofthefollowingrepresentsanimportantissuefacing[country]atthemoment?
Chart5:A01:"very"&"fairly"importantenergyandenvironment-relatedissues(shownascombinedpercentage)
ThesamepatterncanbeobservedacrossallEUMemberStates.Whiletheenergyproblemisawidespreadconcernacrossallcountries,lessthanhalfofthosesurveyedintheBalticstatesandFinlandexpressedconcernaboutwaterscarcity.Forexample,only23%ofLatviansareconcernedaboutwaterscarcity(veryandfairlyimportant),comparedto96%ofSpanishrespondents.
Latvian(55%),Estonian(60%),andCzechcitizens(68%)arelessconcernedthanotherEUMemberStatesaboutairpollutionandalsoaboutgreenhousegasemissions(50%,55%and63%respectively).
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
Chart6:AO1“very"&"fairly"importantenergyandenvironment-relatedissuesbyMemberState(shownascombinedpercentage)
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
2.2Energyandmobility
Thesurveyexaminedcitizens’behaviourintermsoftheirownenergyconsumptionhabitsinrelationtodailymobility.Differentquestionswereaskedtodeterminecurrentandfuturetrendsofenergyconsumptionaswellastomeasurepeople’swillingnesstoswitchtoamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyenergysource.
2.2.1CURRENTSITUATION
Respondentswerefirstaskedaboutthetype(s)ofvehicletheyuseforprofessionalorprivatereasons.Justoverthreequarters(77%)useacaratleastonceaweek.Bicyclesandpublictransportwerebothmentionedbyaround4in10(41%and40%respectively),whilemotorbikesareusedbyaroundoneinten(11%).
B01.Howoftendoyouuseeachofthefollowing,forprofessionalorprivatereasons?(Answers“atleastonceaweek”-%EU)
Chart7:B01–total%atEUlevelwhouseeachvehicleatleastonceaweek
WhilecarusageisconsistentlyhighacrossallEUMemberStates,theuseofpublictransportvariessignificantly.Spanish(54%),Luxembourgish(49%),andHungarianrespondents(49%)aremorelikelytofrequentlyusepublictransport.PublictransportusageislowestinCyprus(7%),Slovenia(20%),Croatia(24%),Malta(25%)andtheNetherlands(30%).
TheNetherlandsshowsthehighestproportionofbicycleusage(70%),followedbyPoland(55%),Denmark(49%),Germany(47%)andBelgium(46%).
Thosewhosaidthattheyusedacarwereaskedabouttheircurrentfuelconsumptionpatterns.
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
B02.Whichofthefollowingfuelsdoyoucurrentlyuseinthecarthatyoumostfrequentlyuse?(ONLYTOFREQUENTUSERSOFCARS-%EU)
Chart8:B02:typesoffuelsusedatEUlevelamongfrequentcarusersshownaspercentage
Gasolineanddieselarethemainfuelsusedmostfrequentlyforcars,accountingbetweenthemfor81%ofcarusers.Alternativeenergytypesontheotherhandareusedbyamuchsmallerproportionofrespondents.Electricenergyaccountedfor8%ofenergyusedmostfrequently,includingbothhybridcars(6%)andfullyelectric(2%).Gas(LPGorCNG)accountedfor6%,withbiofuelsonlymentionedby2%ofthosesurveyed.
Only0.4%ofthosesurveyedsaythattheyuseahydrogen-poweredcarmostfrequently.
GasolineanddieselconsumptionpatternsvaryalittlebetweenEUMemberStates.IntheNetherlandsforexample,dieselwasmentionedbyonlyoneintenrespondents.AlternativefuelconsumptionisconsistentlylowacrossallEUMemberStates,althoughslightlyhigherusagewasobservedinsomecountries.InSwedenforexample,respondentsaremorelikelytouseelectricbatteries(5%)orhybridenergy(9%)fortheircars.HybridcarsarealsomorelikelytobementionedinItaly(9%)andIreland(9%).GasusageincarsismorecommoninBulgaria(17%)andinItaly(14%).
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
2.2.2CONSIDERINGSWITCHINGTOACLEANERENERGY
Frequentusersofgasolineordieselcarswerethenaskedabouttheirlikelihoodofswitchingtoanewvehicle“notusinggasolineordiesel”.
Half(49%)ofrespondentsoverallansweredthattheyarelikelyorverylikelytoswitchtoacarpowered
byanalternativesourceofenergyinthenext2years,althoughthisvariesconsiderablybyEUMember
Stateasillustratedbelow.
B03.Howlikelyareyoutoconsiderswitchingyourcurrentcarforavehiclenotusingdieselorgasolineinthenext2years?
Chart9:B03-combinedpercentagebyMemberStateof"very"&"fairly"likelytoswitchtheircarforvehiclenotusingdieselofgasinnexttwoyears
ThelikelihoodofswitchingtoavehiclenotusingdieselorgasolineishigherinSouthernEuropeancountries-particularlyinItaly(68%),Spain(61%),Romania(56%)andPortugal(54%).Conversely,Estonians(22%),Czechs(26%),andHungarians(31%)wereleastlikelytosaytheywouldswitch.
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
Chart10:B03-"%likelyand%unlikelytoswitchtheircarforvehiclenotusingdieselofgasinnexttwoyearsshownbylevelofurbanisationatEUlevel
Thelikelihoodofswitchingtoavehiclenotusingdieselorgasolinewashigheramongstrespondentslivinginurbanareas,with53%ofthoselivinginlargecitieswhosaidtheywouldbelikelytoswitch.Therewerealsodifferencesobservedbylevelofwiththosewhofinishedtheirstudiesatalateragemorelikelytosaytheywerelikelytoswitchtoanalternativefuel(53%).
Respondentswerethenaskedaboutthemainconsiderationswhichwouldaffecttheirdecisiontoswitchtoavehiclenotusingdieselorgasoline.Thisquestionwasaskedofthosewhosaideitherthattheywere“verylikely”or“fairlylikely”toswitchinthenexttwoyears.
B04a.Howmuchwouldthefollowingpointsinfluenceyourdecisiontoswitchtoacarusinganalternativeenergy?
Chart11:B04a-Influencesondecisiontoswitchtoacarusinganalternativeenergyshownas%atEUlevel
PUBLICSURVEYREPORT:AWARENESSONHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESMAY2023
Thecostofpurchasingthenewvehicle(88%)andtheavailabilityofrefuellingstations(86%),werethefactorsmostlikelytoinfluence(alotorsomewhat)theswitchingdecision.
Reflectingthekeyconcernofthecostofswitching,morethaneightoutoftenrespondentssaidthatsomeformoffinancialincentive(i.e.subsidies,taxreduction…)wouldalsoinfluencetheirdecision.
Thereliabilityofthealternativeenergywasaconcernfor86%ofrespondentswhofeltitwouldinfluencetheirdecision.
Respondentswhosaidthattheywere“very”or“fairly”likelytoswitchtoavehiclenotusingdieselorgasolineinthenexttwoyearswerethenaskedabouttheirpreferredtypesofalternativeenergy.
B04b.Ifyouweretoswitchtoanewcarusinganalternativeenergy,whichofthefollowingwouldbeyourpreferredchoice?
Chart12:B04b:preferredchoiceofnewcarusinganalternativeenergyatEUlevelshownasoverall%
Aroundthreequarters(73%)ofthoselikelytoswitchsaidthattheirpreferredchoicewouldbeforahybrid(40%)orelectricbattery(33%)vehicle.Oneinten(11%)saidthathydrogenwouldbetheirpreferredchoice,aheadofgas(LNGorCNG)(6%)andbiofuels(5%).
RespondentsinMalta(52%),Denmark(48%)andIreland(45%)weremostlikelytoexpressapreferenceforelectricbatteries.InCyprus(47%),Italy(46%),andSpain(45%)hybridcarswerethemostfrequentlymentioned.
HydrogenwasmostlikelytobethepreferredoptioninLuxembourg(19%),Austria(15%),Germany(15%)andCzechia(15%).
ThepreferenceforbiofuelsorgasasanalternativeenergywasconsistentlylowacrossallEUMemberStates.RespondentsinFrance(11%)andAustria(10%)werethemostlikelytochooseb
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