2022年11月CATTI二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題英譯漢

2022年11月CATTI二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題英譯漢2022年11月二筆真題-英譯漢Thelaborforceisthetotalnumberofpeople(agedsixteenandolderemployed.Theunemploymentrateisthepercentageofthelaborforceunemployedbutlackingforwork.Theunemploymentrateisafungibleitem.Previously,thegovernmentgaugedunemploymentbythenumberofpeoplewhofieldunemploymentclaimsinagivenmonth.However,becausemanypeoplewhoareorbecomeunemployedbythetechnicaldefinition--thatis,theyarelookingforwork--don'tqualifyforunemploymentbenefits,theresultwasaseriousundercountingoftheunemployed.NowtheUnitedStatesreliesonthemonthlyCurrentPopulationSurveyfromtheCommerceDepartment,whichprovidesamorecomprehensivesetofnumbersbasedonhouseholdpolls.Notethattobeofficiallyunemployed,aworkermustbeseekingemployment.Peoplewithoutjobswhoaren'tlookingforworkbecausetheydon'tthinkanyexistshave,ineffect,droppedoutofthelaborforceandbecomediscouragedworkers(喪志工人).ThelaborforceparticipationLFPratecanberevealing.Itisthepercentageofthetotalworking-agepopulationthatisinthelaborforce.Inotherwords,theLFPrateistherelationshipbetweenwhoiseligibletoworkandwhoactuallyisworking.Brokendowndemographically,variationsintheLFPratemayoffercluestostoriesaboutsocialtrends.Asofthemid1990s,theentryofwomenintothelaborforceinlargenumberswasprobablythemostsignificanteconomicshiftofthepost-WorldWarllperiod.Butinthelatterpartofthedecade,participationbywomenleveledoffanddroppedinsomesectors.Whythisoccurredisnoclear;anaturallevelingoffdoesnoseemtoaccountforthechange.Moreresearch,particularlyintobothwomenandmen'schangingrelationshipstowork,isneeded.Interestedreportersshouldfindandbondwithsocialscientistswhostudytheworkplace.Economiststalkaboutdifferenttypesofunemploymentfrictional,structural,andcyclical.Thefrictionalunemploymentarepeoplewhohaven'thadtimetofindajobyetbecausetheyarenewtothelaborforceorarebetweenjobs.Structuralunemploymentisaresultofdeepchangesintheeconomy.TechnologicalchangemaymakesomeoccupationsobsoleteWhenpeoplebegandrivingcarsinsteadofhorsesandbuggies,ablacksmith'sskillswerenolongernecessary.Theprocessbywhichjobsevolveandfadeawayastheskillstheyusebecomeobsoleteiscalledchurning.Structuralunemploymentmayalsoresultfromchangesininternationalmarketsaslower-paidforeignlaborforcebecomesavailabletodoworkthatpreviouslywenttohigher-paiddomesticworkers.Inthelast