考研英語(翻譯)歷年真題試卷匯編37(題后含答案及解析)

考研英語（翻譯）歷年真題試卷匯編37(題后含答案及解析)全部題型2.ReadingComprehensionSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)基于經(jīng)濟利己主義的環(huán)保制度不可取——2010年英譯漢及詳解Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunity,andifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.Whenoneofthesenon-economiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit.Weinvertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.【F1】Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.Theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,【F2】butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.【F3】Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverworkedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon“worthless”species.Hereagain,theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatweherethemorehonestargumentthatpredatorsaremembersofthecommunity,andthatnospecialinteresthastherighttoexterminatethemforthesakeofbenefit,realorfancied,toitself.Somespeciesoftreehavebeen“readoutoftheparty”byeconomics-mindedforestersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaluetopayastimbercrops.【F4】InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thenon-commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.Moreoversomehavebeenfoundtohaveavaluablefunctioninbuildingupsoilfertility.Theinterdependenceoftheforestanditsconstituenttreespecies,groundflora,andfaunaistakenforgranted.Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.【F5】Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Itassumes,falsely,Ithink,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.1．【F1】正確答案：科學(xué)家們迅速來救駕，但拿出的證據(jù)明顯不可靠，其大意是：如果鳥兒不能控制害蟲的話，害蟲就會把我們吃掉。解析：本句考查的重點是：同位語從句。本句的中心句是Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidence，后面的that引導(dǎo)了一個同位語從句。后面if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句是修飾that從句的。2．【F2】正確答案：但是我們至少近乎承認(rèn)：不管鳥類對我們有沒有經(jīng)濟價值，生存下去都是它們的固有權(quán)利。解析：本句考查的重點是：介詞短語的譯法。此句的主干是wehavedrawnnearthepoint。這里有一個介詞短語ofadmittingthat…，這是修飾point的定語。這里that從句做admit的賓語從句。regardlessof引導(dǎo)讓步狀語。3．【F3】正確答案：有證據(jù)表明：這些生物殺死體弱者來保持種群的健康，或者說它們只是捕食“沒有價值”的物種。曾經(jīng)．生物學(xué)家有點濫用了這條證據(jù)。解析：本句考查的重點是：同位語從句。本句的主干是tilmewas，when…。這里的when引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。Timewaswhen是一個固定短語，意為“從前，曾經(jīng)”。這里兩個并列同位語從句的翻譯也要格外注意，要把語序調(diào)整到中文的語序。4．【F4】正確答案：在生態(tài)林業(yè)較為發(fā)達(dá)的歐洲，人們認(rèn)為那些非經(jīng)濟樹種是當(dāng)?shù)厣秩郝涞慕M成部分，因而理應(yīng)受到保護(hù)。解析：本句考查的重點是：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。本句的主干是thenon—commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofthenativeforestcommunity，這里的“arerecognized”是被動語態(tài)，處理被動語態(tài)時候注意翻譯技巧中主被動的轉(zhuǎn)化。本句的開頭是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，tobepreserved用來修飾non-commercialtreespecies。withinreason的意思是“合情合理，在情理之中”。5．【F5】正確答案：這一體系往往忽視并最終消滅很多陸地生物群落的物種，它們?nèi)狈ι虡I(yè)價值，但對整個生物群落的健康運行卻至關(guān)重要。解析：本句考查的重點是：定語從句的譯法。本句的主干是Ittendstoignoremanyelements，句中的兩個that引導(dǎo)的從句在語義上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)上屬于兩個并列的定語從句，修飾thelandcommunity。本句還有插入語、定語從句以及代詞，在處理翻譯時應(yīng)注意正常的語序。法律教育對于新聞報道事業(yè)的意義——2007年英譯漢及詳解ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.【F1】Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators.Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheonehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.【F2】Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.Forexample,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinterestareatworkintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.【F3】Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectforjournalists.Thebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworks,thebettertheirreportingwillbe.【F4】Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatly,thereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothembylawyers.【F5】Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem.6．【F1】正確答案：傳統(tǒng)上，學(xué)習(xí)法律在這類學(xué)校里一直被看作是律師的專門工作，而不是一個受過教育的人所必須具備的知識素養(yǎng)。解析：本句考查的重點是：such…as…和ratherthan平行結(jié)構(gòu)的譯法。本句是一個簡單句，主干為…legallearninghasbeenviewedas…，ratherthan…。Traditionally為副詞作狀語，view…as中間插入介詞短語insuchinstitutions作狀語，as的賓語是thespecialpreserveoflawyers…(as)anecessarypartof…，ratherthan連接兩個并列的賓語。oftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson作anecessarypart的后置定語。7．【F2】正確答案：另一方面，法律又將這些觀念與日常實際聯(lián)系在一起，就像新聞記者每天報道和評論新聞時的做法一樣。解析：本句考查的重點是：定語從句的譯法。句子主干為…itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealities，inamanner…作方式狀語，里面有一個which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾manner，該定語從句里面又嵌套了一個省略關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句thelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasis和一個由連接詞as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句theycoverandcommentonthenews。此外，句子中的it指代上文的law，theseconcepts指代前文的justice，democracyandfreedom，翻譯時要具體譯出來，以使?jié)h語表達(dá)清楚明白。8．【F3】正確答案：但是，新聞記者必須比普通公民更深刻地理解法律，這個觀點建立在對新聞媒體的既定規(guī)范和特殊的社會責(zé)任理解的基礎(chǔ)上。解析：本句考查的重點是：同位語從句的譯法。本句的主干為…theidea…restsonanunderstanding…。that…為同位語從句，作idea的同位語；oftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia為介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作understanding的后置定語。同位語從句與定語從句的翻譯策略相似，如果從句長的話，就采用拆譯法，即“…，這個觀點…”；如果從句較短，就采用合譯法，即“…這個觀點”。這里應(yīng)采用拆譯法。9．【F4】正確答案：事實上，很難想象那些對加拿大憲法的基本特點缺乏清晰了解的新聞記者何以能夠勝任政治新聞報道的工作。解析：本句考查的重點是：形式主語和定語從句。本句的主干為…itisdifficulttosee…，it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式。不定式里面含有how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句howjournalists…candoacompetentjob…，作see的賓語。onpoliticalstories作后置定語修飾job。whodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitution為定語從句修飾journalists。此外，haveacleargraspof意為“深刻領(lǐng)會、清楚了解”。這一搭配，考生應(yīng)銘記于心。10．【F5】正確答案：盡管律師的評論和反饋可能會提高報道的質(zhì)量，但新聞記者最好還是依靠自己對重要性的理解并作出自己的判斷。解析：本句考查的重點是：讓步狀語從句。本句的主干為…itispreferableforjournaliststorelyon…andmake…，it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式。While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句譯為“盡管…”，為符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣需增譯“但是…”。preferable“更可取的，更好的”，這里處理為副詞“最好…”。relyon意為“依靠，憑借，根據(jù)”。歐洲的電視媒體——2005年英譯漢及詳解ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andone’simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.【F1】Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed—andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.【F2】InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.OneItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.【F3】Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.【F4】Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice—thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreonco-productions,theexchangeofnews,documentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbankforTelevisionProductionwhich,onthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestmentsBank,willhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.【F5】Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosay“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall”—andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity”.Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.11．【F1】正確答案：電視是引發(fā)和傳遞這些感受的手段之一——在最近的歐洲事務(wù)中，電視把不同的民族和國家聯(lián)結(jié)在一起，作用之大前所未有。解析：本句考查的重點是：被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換和并列句的譯法。本句以破折號為界，可看作是and連接的并列句，and前面的分句主干為Televisionisoneofthemeans…，后接bywhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句；and后面的分句主干為perhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuch…，toconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語，as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，補全為as(ithasservedtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations)intherecenteventsinEurope。12．【F2】正確答案：在歐洲，像在其他地方一樣，傳媒集團越來越成功：這些集團把相關(guān)的電視、廣播、報紙、雜志和出版社組合在一起。解析：本句考查的重點是：定語從句的譯法。本句主干為multi—mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful．分號后面為主語multi—mediagroups的同位語，里面有個which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，又嵌套了定語從句thatworkinrelationtooneanother修飾houses。InEurope作地點狀語，aselsewhere作比較狀語。①定語從句thatworkinrelationtooneanother由于較短可譯為前置定語。②multi—mediagroups譯為“傳媒集團”，而不是“多媒體集團”。13．【F3】正確答案：僅這一點就表明在電視行業(yè)生存下來并非易事，統(tǒng)計數(shù)字也證實了這個事實：在80家歐洲電視網(wǎng)中，1989年出現(xiàn)虧損的不少于50％。解析：本句考查的重點是：從句的辨別和主被動態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。本句主干為Thisalonedemonstratesthat…，thetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein作demonstrates的賓語，afactunderlinedbystatistics…為同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，thatshow…為定語從句修飾statistics，thatoutofeighty…為賓語從句，作show的賓語。①同位語結(jié)構(gòu)中的underlined為被動語態(tài)，可譯為主動語態(tài)“統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)也證明了這個事實”，后加冒號，修飾statistics的定語從句可單獨翻譯放在冒號后面。②underline本意為“加下劃線，強調(diào)”，句子中與fact搭配可譯為“證實”。14．【F4】正確答案：不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)將歐洲大陸編織成一體，要創(chuàng)造一種尊重這些不同文化和傳統(tǒng)的“歐洲特色”絕非易事，需要戰(zhàn)略性選擇。解析：本句考查的重點是：定語從句的譯法。本句主干為Creatinga“Europeanidentity”…isnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice，thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditions…為定語從句修飾“Europeanidentity”，里面又嵌套個定語從句whichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinent修飾differentculturesandtraditions。①嵌套式定語從句使得后置定語太長，翻譯時要理清思路，根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，調(diào)整語序進(jìn)行翻譯。②結(jié)合上下文知道Europeanidentity是不同于北美的、帶有歐洲特色的標(biāo)志，因此譯為“特色、品牌”比較合適。③fabric本義為“纖維，織物，構(gòu)造”，這里比喻不同的文化傳統(tǒng)將歐洲大陸聯(lián)系起來，像織物一樣緊密，因此makeup…fabric(組成…的纖維)可以意譯為“編織”。④因為美洲被稱為“新大陸”，因此theOldContinent(舊大陸)特指歐洲。15．【F5】正確答案：在應(yīng)付如此規(guī)模的挑戰(zhàn)時，可以毫不夸張地說，“團結(jié)，我們就會站起來；分裂，我們就會倒下去?！苯馕觯罕揪淇疾榈闹攸c是：形式主語和介詞短語的用法。本句結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale為介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，itisnoexaggerationtosay…為主干部分，it是形式主語，真正主語是tosay“Unitedwestand，dividedwefall”，過去分詞united和divided分別在兩個分句中作條件狀語。本句的關(guān)鍵是引號中兩個并列分句的翻譯。Unitedwestand，dividedwefall改自肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的一句話“United，thereislittlewecannotdo，divided，thereislittlewecando”，譯文最好能夠?qū)φ?，體現(xiàn)出文學(xué)色彩?，F(xiàn)代政府依賴專家人才——2000年英譯漢及詳解Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.【F1】Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.【F2】Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.【F3】Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,【F4】intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.【F5】Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentsare