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教師資格認(rèn)定考試高級(jí)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)模擬題44一、單項(xiàng)選擇題在每小題列出的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)最佳答案。1.

AsAlicebelievedhimtobeamanofintegrity,sh(江南博哥)erefusedtoconsiderthepossibilitythathisstatementwas______.A.irrelevantB.facetiousC.fictitiousD.illogical正確答案:C[考點(diǎn)]考查形容詞辨析。

[解析]句意:因?yàn)閻?ài)麗絲相信他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)正直的人,所以她不認(rèn)為他發(fā)表的言論是虛構(gòu)的。irrelevant意為“不相干的”;facetious意為“詼諧的,愛(ài)開(kāi)玩笑的”;fictitious意為“虛構(gòu)的,假想的”;illogical意為“不合邏輯的,不合常理的”。故本題選C。

2.

Manystudentsstarteachtermwithanawardcheek,butbythetimebooksarebought,foodispaidfor,andabitofsociallife______,itlooksratheremaciated.A.livesB.livedC.waslivedD.haslived正確答案:B[考點(diǎn)]考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

[解析]句意:很多學(xué)生在每個(gè)學(xué)期伊始有支票獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),但在買(mǎi)了書(shū)、食物和社交花費(fèi)之后,錢(qián)就變少了。根據(jù)題干中“butbythetimebooksarebought,foodispaidfor”用的都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而and作為連詞,連接并列的成分,所以后面的“abitofsociallife...”也應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因此可排除A選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng),C選項(xiàng)“waslived”是一般過(guò)去時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與前面的“booksarebought,foodispaid”一致,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),也可排除。在并列句中,相同的成分如主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)等都可以省略,B選項(xiàng)省略了is。故本題選B。

3.

Inaspeakingclass,theteacherasksstudentstoworkinpairsandcreateanewshortplayaboutaskingways.Thisactivitybelongsto______.A.warming-upB.presentationC.practiceD.production正確答案:D[考點(diǎn)]考查口語(yǔ)教學(xué)。

[解析]熱身階段(Warmingup)是指學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)新語(yǔ)言知識(shí)之前復(fù)習(xí)已學(xué)的知識(shí)或者通過(guò)教師設(shè)計(jì)的情境復(fù)習(xí)舊知識(shí),激活與本節(jié)課密切相關(guān)的已有知識(shí)、技能等,為接下來(lái)的課堂教學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備;呈現(xiàn)階段(Presentation)主要以對(duì)話形式呈現(xiàn)口語(yǔ)內(nèi)容和相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)與會(huì)話信息;練習(xí)階段(Practice)是指教師為學(xué)生提供各種機(jī)會(huì),使學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)和技能開(kāi)展豐富多彩的話語(yǔ)活動(dòng);產(chǎn)出階段(Production)主要為學(xué)生提供新的語(yǔ)境,給學(xué)生創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)將學(xué)到的新語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和交際技能融入已有的知識(shí)之中,運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行假設(shè)性交際。產(chǎn)出階段常見(jiàn)的活動(dòng)有訪談、辯論、討論等。故本題選D。

4.

Ateachermayencouragestudentsto______whentheycomeacrossnewwordsinfastreading.A.takenotesB.askforhelpC.guessmeaningfromcontextD.lookupthewordsinadictionary正確答案:C[考點(diǎn)]考查閱讀教學(xué)。

[解析]當(dāng)學(xué)生進(jìn)行快速閱讀時(shí),如果遇到一些生詞,老師可以鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行詞義猜測(cè)。快讀的目的是獲取文章主旨大意,文章中出現(xiàn)的生單詞如果不影響文章的整體理解,可以跳過(guò)。如果影響了文章的整體理解,則需要通過(guò)上下文去猜測(cè)詞義,而不是“做筆記”“尋求幫助”或者“查字典”。故本題選C。

5.

Itisinthehall______canhouse10,000people______theopeningceremonyoftheGlobal5GTechnologySummitwillbeheld.A.which;thatB.where;thatC.which;whoD.where;whom正確答案:A[考點(diǎn)]考查定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

[解析]句意:全球5G技術(shù)峰會(huì)開(kāi)幕式就是在可以容納一萬(wàn)人的大廳舉行。______canhouse10,000people是限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞thehall,在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),故用which;此句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)inthehall,其結(jié)構(gòu)是itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他部分,只有強(qiáng)調(diào)“人”時(shí),才用who。故本題選A。

6.

Whenusingtheimperative"Turnitoff"togiveanorder,thespeakerhighlightsthe______oftheutterance.A.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryactC.perlocutionaryactD.indirectspeechact正確答案:B[考點(diǎn)]考查語(yǔ)用學(xué)。

[解析]根據(jù)言語(yǔ)行為理論,說(shuō)話者說(shuō)話時(shí)可能同時(shí)實(shí)施三種行為:言內(nèi)行為,言外行為和言后行為。言內(nèi)行為(locutionaryact)是說(shuō)出詞、短語(yǔ)和分句的行為,它是通過(guò)句法、詞匯和音位來(lái)表達(dá)字面意義的行為。言外行為(illocutionaryact)是表達(dá)說(shuō)話者意圖的行為,它是在說(shuō)某些話時(shí)所實(shí)施的行為。言后行為(perlocutionaryact)是通過(guò)某些話所實(shí)施的行為,或講某些話所導(dǎo)致的行為,它是話語(yǔ)所產(chǎn)生的后果或所引起的變化,它是通過(guò)講某些話所完成的行為。題干中說(shuō)話人說(shuō)出“Turnitoff”,試圖使聽(tīng)話者做某事,表達(dá)了自己的“言外之意”,因此屬于言外行為,同時(shí)這個(gè)祈使句屬于直接言語(yǔ)行為,D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故本題選B。

7.

You'llfindthisTravelGuidetobeofgreat______inhelpingyouandyourchildrentogetaroundMalaysia.A.costB.priceC.valueD.expenditure正確答案:C[考點(diǎn)]考查名詞詞義辨析。

[解析]句意:你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)TravelGuide這本書(shū)在幫助你和你的孩子游覽馬來(lái)西亞這方面是______。beof+抽象名詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,beofvalue意為“很有價(jià)值”,故C正確。cost意為“花費(fèi)”;price意為“價(jià)格”;expenditure意為“開(kāi)支,費(fèi)用”。故本題選C。

8.

Whichofthefollowingunderlinedpart"i"isdifferentfromothersinpronunciation?______A.Exist.B.Client.C.Cinema.D.Ignore.正確答案:B[考點(diǎn)]考查語(yǔ)音學(xué)。

[解析]exist的發(fā)音為;client的發(fā)音為;cinema的發(fā)音為;ignore的發(fā)音為。由此可見(jiàn),A、C、D中的i發(fā)音均為,而B(niǎo)中的i發(fā)音為。故本題選B。

9.

Theshatteringofan______,orthegripofprejudice,isnotenoughtogivesomeonestandingincourt.A.illuminationB.illustrationC.illusionD.illation正確答案:C[考點(diǎn)]考查名詞詞義辨析。

[解析]句意:幻覺(jué)的粉碎,或偏見(jiàn)的控制,都不足以讓人站在法庭上。illumination意為“照明,啟發(fā),闡明”;illustration意為“說(shuō)明,插圖,例證”;illusion意為“幻覺(jué)”;illation意為“演繹,推論,推定”。故本題選C。

10.

______answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.A.PsycholinguisticsB.AnthropologicallinguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics正確答案:A[考點(diǎn)]考查心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)。

[解析]A項(xiàng)意為“心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)”,它涉及人類(lèi)個(gè)體如何掌握和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng),如何在實(shí)際交往中使語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)發(fā)揮作用,以及為了掌握和運(yùn)用這個(gè)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)具有什么知識(shí)和能力。題干中的howweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage即人類(lèi)個(gè)體如何掌握語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)。A正確。B意為“人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言學(xué)”;C意為“社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)”;D意為“應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)”。故本題選A。

11.

"Underliningallthepastformverbsinthedialogue"isatypicalexercisefocusingon______.A.useB.formC.meaningD.function正確答案:B[考點(diǎn)]考查語(yǔ)法教學(xué)。

[解析]句意:“標(biāo)出對(duì)話中所有的過(guò)去式”是一種注重一的典型練習(xí)。過(guò)去式是語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的一種語(yǔ)言形式。A項(xiàng)“用法”;B項(xiàng)“形式”;C項(xiàng)“意義”;D項(xiàng)“功能”。故本題選B。

12.

Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this正確答案:A[考點(diǎn)]考查定語(yǔ)從句。

[解析]句意:正如所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣,大量的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是在人的生命開(kāi)始的第一年進(jìn)行的。所以這段時(shí)期父母親應(yīng)該多和他們的孩子說(shuō)說(shuō)話。這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,故排除B、D選項(xiàng)。as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如,像”的含義,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后,并無(wú)“正如”的意思。故本題選A。

13.

In______,substitutionalandtransformationaldrillsarefrequentlyusedandaimedatformandaccuracy.A.cognitiveprocessingB.communicativepracticeC.meaningpracticeD.mechanicalpractice正確答案:D[考點(diǎn)]考查練習(xí)。

[解析]題干中的“替換和轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)”屬于機(jī)械性練習(xí):從aimedatformandaccuracy也可得出答案。故本題選D。

14.

Inasportsteameachplayerhasaclearrole,andtherearefewoccasions______membersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles.A.whoseB.whenC.whyD.which正確答案:B[考點(diǎn)]考查定語(yǔ)從句。

[解析]句意:在一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)中每個(gè)選手都擔(dān)任著一個(gè)明確的角色,很少存在隊(duì)員困惑或者不明確他們角色的情形。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為occasion,意為“時(shí)刻,……的時(shí)候”,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故本題選B。

15.

Whentheteacherattemptstoelicitmoreinformationfromthestudentsbysaying"And...?","Good.Anythingelse?",etc.,he/sheisplayingtheroleofa______.A.promoterB.participantC.managerD.consultant正確答案:A[考點(diǎn)]考查教師角色。

[解析]句意:當(dāng)教師嘗試通過(guò)說(shuō)“還有嗎?”“好,還有其他的嗎?”等來(lái)啟發(fā)學(xué)生得出更多信息,他/她在扮演著一個(gè)______的角色。在新課程理念下,教師是學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的“促進(jìn)者”角色。在以學(xué)生為中心的教學(xué)活動(dòng)中,教師把對(duì)課堂的控制權(quán)基本上移交給學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)、自由發(fā)揮,以學(xué)生為學(xué)習(xí)的主體,教師“引導(dǎo)”“鼓勵(lì)”和“促進(jìn)”學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。題干中教師希望學(xué)生給出更多回答,并用語(yǔ)言給予提示,教師在這里起到引導(dǎo)促進(jìn)的作用,因此體現(xiàn)了教師在扮演促進(jìn)者角色。B、C、D三項(xiàng)不符合,排除。故本題選A。

16.

Whenateacherhopesstudentstodoexercisesofasentencepattern"Isit+adj.(color)?",he/shewouldsay,"Ithinkofacolorball,doyouwanttoknowitscolor?"Thestudentswouldask"Isitwhite/yellow/black/green?"andsoon.Thiswaypossessessomecharacteristicsofcommunicativeactivities,whicharesuperiortosentenceexercisesoftheAudio-lingualMethod.Thisisbecause______.A.thereisinformation-gapbetweendialoguesB.theresponderhasfreedomofchoiceC.thequestionergetsother'sfeedbackD.theresponderknowswhatthequestionerissaying正確答案:A[考點(diǎn)]考查交際法。

[解析]題干所述的操練法具備了交際活動(dòng)的特點(diǎn),它要優(yōu)于聽(tīng)說(shuō)法的句型操練,這是因?yàn)閷?duì)話者之間存在著信息溝。故本題選A。

17.

______oftheirbadhabits,theboys______frombeingdependentontheirparentsto______forothers.A.Havingrid;haveswitched;sacrificingB.Torid;areswitching;sacrificeC.Rid;switched;sacrificingD.Havingbeenrid;areswitched;sacrifice正確答案:A[考點(diǎn)]考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

[解析]句意:擺脫壞習(xí)慣后,男孩們已經(jīng)從依賴父母的人變成了可以為他人犧牲的人。theboys與rid是邏輯主謂關(guān)系,且“擺脫壞習(xí)慣”發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前,所以應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式:第二空為句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意可知,此處強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);switchfrom...to...意為“從……轉(zhuǎn)向……”,to是介詞,后跟動(dòng)名詞。故本題選A。

18.

Whenateachercreatesareal-lifesituationforstudentstodiscuss,heexpectsthemnottofocuson______toomuch.A.formB.useC.meaningD.function正確答案:A[考點(diǎn)]考查教學(xué)實(shí)施。

[解析]句意:如果教師在課堂上創(chuàng)造一個(gè)真實(shí)的情境,他不希望學(xué)生過(guò)多關(guān)注語(yǔ)言的______。當(dāng)教師創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)情境的時(shí)候,就是為了練習(xí)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的運(yùn)用、意義以及功能,而形式(form)是通過(guò)一定的控制性練習(xí)來(lái)集中練習(xí)的,如按照詞的正確形式進(jìn)行填空、句型轉(zhuǎn)換等。故本題選A。

19.

Onetheory______thisphenomenon______acupuncturereducespainsuggeststhatacupuncture______painsignalsfromreachingthebrain.A.explaining;that;shouldblockB.whichexplains;where;canblockC.thatexplains;where;blockD.explaining;that;blocks正確答案:D[考點(diǎn)]考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句和主謂一致。

[解析]句意:一種解釋針灸減輕疼痛的這種現(xiàn)象的理論認(rèn)為,針灸療法使疼痛信號(hào)無(wú)法到達(dá)大腦。第一空處,theory是先行詞,后面是that/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句或現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ);第二空處,名詞phenomenon后面是其具體內(nèi)容,是that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句;在句中suggest意為“認(rèn)為,表明”,沒(méi)有“建議”之意,后接賓語(yǔ)從句不需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,acupuncture應(yīng)視作第三人稱單數(shù),且描述的現(xiàn)象屬于一般性事實(shí),要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故本題選D。

20.

Whichofthefollowingindicatesamorepoliterequestorinvitation?______A.Comearound↗tonight.B.Comearound↘tonightC.Comearound↘↗tonight.D.Comearound↗↘tonight.正確答案:C[考點(diǎn)]考查語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)。

[解析]句意:下列哪一項(xiàng)表示更禮貌的請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)?英語(yǔ)中常用的語(yǔ)調(diào)有升調(diào)、降調(diào)及降升調(diào)三種,降調(diào)表示所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容是直接地陳述事實(shí),升調(diào)通常使所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容成為問(wèn)句,而降升調(diào)表示所說(shuō)內(nèi)容中有暗含信息。C項(xiàng)的降升調(diào)表示委婉的請(qǐng)求。故本題選C。

Self-drivingvehiclesthreatentosendtruckdriverstotheunemploymentoffice.Computerprogramscannowwritejournalisticaccountsofsportingeventsandstockpricemovements.Thereareevencomputersthatcangradeessayexamswithreasonableaccuracy,whichcouldrevolutionizemyownjob.Increasingly,machinesareprovidingnotonlythebrawnbutthebrains,too,andthatraisesthequestionofwherehumansfitintothispicture—whowillprosperandwhowon'tinthisnewkindofmachineeconomy?

Withinfiveyears,wearelikelytohavetheworld'sbesteducation,orclosetoit,onlineandfree.Butnoteveryonewillsitdownandgothroughthematerialwithoutaprofessorpushingthemtodothework.

Thosewhoaremotivatedtouseonlineresourceswilldomuch,muchbetterinthegenerationstocome.It'salreadythecasethatthebeststudentsfromIndiaareatthetopinmanyCourseraclasses,puttingAmerica'sarguablylessmotivatedbrightyoungpeopletoshame."Free"doesn'treallyhelpyouifyoudon'tmakeaneffort.

Yoursmartphonewillrecorddataonyourlifeand,whenasked,willtellyouwhattodo,drawingondatafromyourhomeorfromyourspouseandfriendsifneedbe."You'vethrownoutthatbreadthelastthreetimesyou'veboughtit,giveitapass"willbeatextmessageofthefuture.Howabout"Nowisnotthetimetostartanotherargumentwithyourwife"?TheGPSisjustthebeginningofcomputer-guidedinstruction.

Takeyoursmartphoneonadate,anditmightvibrateinyourpockettoindicate"Kisshernow."Ifyouhesitateforfearofbeingseenaspushy,itmaywrite:"Whocaresifyoulookbad?Youaresamplingoptimallyinthequestforalifetimecompanion."

Thosewhowon'tlisten,orwhorebeloutofspite,willbemissingoutonglitteringprizes.Thoseofuswholistenwhileoftenenvied,mayfeelmorelikepuppetswithdeflatedpride.

Alotofjobswillconsistofmakingpeoplefeeleitherverygoodorverybadaboutthemselves.Coaches,mentorsanddisciplinarianswillspreadtomanyareasoflife,atleastforthoseofuswhocanstandtolistentothem.Thesepeoplewillcajoleus,flatterusandshameusintoimprovingourlives,ourworkhabitsandourconsumption.That'swhysomanypeoplegotoyogaclassinsteadofrelyingonthepodcast.Managerswhoaremotivatorsoffirst-ratetalentwillseetheirearningscontinuetorise.

Computingandsoftwarewillmakeiteasiertomeasureperformanceandproductivity.

Itwillbehardertoglossoverourfailingsandmaintainself-deception.Inessenceeveryonewillsufferthefateofprofessionalchessplayers,whoalwaysknowwhentheyhavelostagame,haveanexactnumericalratingfortheiroverallperformance,andfindexcusesforfailurehardtocomeby.

Individualswillhavemanymeasuresoftheirproficiency.Theywillhaveanincentivetodisclosethatinformationtogetthebetterjoborsocialopportunity.You'llassumetheworstaboutthosewhokeepsecrets,andsoopennesswillreign.ManyofuswillstarttohatetheideaofBigData.1.

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"brawn"inParagraph1?______A.Job.B.Meat.C.Physicalstrength.D.Mentalagility.正確答案:C[解析]詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Increasingly,machinesareprovidingnotonlythebrawnbutthebrains,too”可知brawn和brain的邏輯關(guān)系;根據(jù)上下文可知,含有“體力”的含義。故本題選C。

2.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"thequestion"inParagraph1referto?______A.Wheredohumansfitintothispicture?B.Willmachineseventuallyreplacehumanbeings?C.Whichcouldrevolutionizemyownjob,teachingatschool?D.Whowillprosperandwhowillnotinthismachineeconomy?正確答案:D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“thequestion”后一句可知,問(wèn)題在于“哪些人能在這種新型的機(jī)器經(jīng)濟(jì)中成功,哪些人不會(huì)成功”。故本題選D。

3.

Whatmakestheinstructionssentbysmartphonesvaluableandreliableforpeoplewhendoingthings?______A.Aglobalpositioningsysteminstalledinallsmartphones.B.Informationcollectedandelicitedbysmartphonesfromyourlife.C.Anoptimalsamplingsoftwaretostoreinformationinsmartphones.D.Vibrationssmartphonesmakeinyourpocketasaconstantreminder.正確答案:B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Yoursmartphonewillrecorddataonyourlifeand,whenasked,willtellyouwhattodo,drawingondatafromyourhomeorfromyourspouseandfriendsifneedbe.”可知,智能手機(jī)會(huì)記錄你生活中的數(shù)據(jù),當(dāng)被問(wèn)及時(shí),它會(huì)告訴你該怎么做。如果需要的話,它還會(huì)從你家里或你的配偶和朋友那里獲取數(shù)據(jù)。所以智能手機(jī)發(fā)出的指令才會(huì)可靠有價(jià)值。故本題選B。

4.

Whowillbemostlikelytosufferfromthistechnologicalrevolution?______A.Fashiongurusspecializinginproducing,modeling,ormarketingfashion.B.Americanyoungpeoplewhodonotmakegooduseofonlinecourses.C.Individualskeepingtheinformationabouttheirproficiencytothemselves.D.Professionalchessplayerswhoarenotabletocalculatetheplayoutcome.正確答案:C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youwillassumetheworstaboutthosewhokeepsecrets,andsoopennesswillreign.ManyofuswillhatetheideaofBigData.”可知,那些不公開(kāi)自己隱私信息的人可能會(huì)遭受更多困擾。故本題選C。

5.

WhywillmanypeoplestarttohateBigDataaccordingtothelastparagraph?______A.Becausepeoplewillhavenoprivacyandcan'ttellanyliesatall.B.Becausetheyfacilitateperformanceandproductivityassessment.C.Becausetheygivepeoplenochoicebuttocomplywithcomputers.D.Becausepeoplehavefounditreallyhardtofinishdoingeverything.正確答案:A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“hateBigData”定位到最后一段可知,大數(shù)據(jù)讓人們沒(méi)有隱私,并且不能說(shuō)謊。故本題選A。

TheAncientGreekphilosopherPythagorasisbestknowntodayforhismathematicaltheorem,whichhauntsthedreamsofmanygeometrystudents,butforcenturieshewasalsocelebratedasthefatherofvegetarianism.Ameadessdietwasreferredtoasa"Pythagoreandiet"foryears,upuntilthemodernvegetarianmovementbeganinthemid-1800s.

WhilePythagoraswasanearlyproponentofameatlessdiet,humanshavebeenvegetarianssincewellbeforerecordedhistory.Mostanthropologistsagreethatearlyhumanswouldhaveeatenapredominantlyplant-baseddiet;afterall,plantscan'trunaway.Additionally,ourdigestivesystemsresemblethoseofherbivorescloserthancarnivorousanimals.Prehistoricmanatemeat,ofcourse,butplantsformedthebasisofhisdiet.

Pythagorasandhismanyfollowerspracticedvegetarianismforseveralreasons,mainlyduetoreligiousandethicalobjections.Pythagorasbelievedalllivingbeingshadsouls.Animalswerenoexception,someatandfishwerebanishedfromhistable.Strangelyenough,healsobanishedavegetablethathasaplaceofhonoronmostvegetarianmenustoday,thehumblebean.Hisfollowerswereforbiddentoeatoreventouchbeans,becausehethoughtbeansandhumanswerecreatedfromthesamematerial.Favabeanswereespeciallybad,astheyhavehollowsteamsthatcouldallowthesoulsofthedeadtotravelupfromthesoilintothegrowingbeans.

WhiletheedictagainstbeanswasliftednotlongafterPythagoras'death,hisfollowerscontinuedtoeatameatlessdiet.Hisprinciplesinfluencedgenerationsofacademicsandreligiousthinkers,anditwasagroupoftheselike-mindedindividualswhofoundedtheVegetarianSocietyinEnglandinthemid-1800s.Thevirtuesoftemperance,abstinenceandself-controlwerealltiedtovegetarianideals,whilelust,drunkennessandgeneralhooliganismallresultedfromadiettoorichinmeatproducts.NotableearlyvegetariansincludedLeoTolstoy,GeorgeBernardShaw,MahatmaGandhiandAmericanBronsonAlcott,aTranscendentalistteacher,reformerandthefatherofLittleWomenauthorLouisaMayAlcott.

Itwasn'tuntilthe1960sthatvegetarianismmovedintomainstreamAmericanlifeandthemovement'sgrowthpickedupspeedinthe1970swhenayounggraduatestudentnamedFrancisMooreLappewroteabookcalledDietforaSmallPlanet.Init,sheadvocatedameatlessdietnotforethicalormoralreasons,butbecauseplant-basedfoodshavemuchlessimpactontheenvironmentthanmeatdoes.Today,manyvegetariansrefusemeatbecauseofanimalrightsissues,orconcernsoveranimaltreatment,aprinciplefirstespousedinPeterSinger's1975workAnimalLiberation.6.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsfailstobeinferredfromthepassage?______A.AmeatlessdietwassupportedandpracticedbyPythagoras.B.Afterhisdeath,Pythagoras'followerscontinuedtoeatbeans.C.Pythagorasinfluencedalotofpeoplewhochosenottoeatmeat.D.Pythagorasrefusedtoeatanymeatforreligiousandethicalreasons.正確答案:B[解析]推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“Pythagoras支持并且踐行不吃肉”,根據(jù)文章第一段可知Pythagoras是素食主義之父,故A正確;根據(jù)第一段可知Pythagoras生前認(rèn)為豆子和人類(lèi)一樣是有靈魂的,因此禁止他的追隨者吃豆子,再根據(jù)第四段第一句話“WhiletheedictagainstbeanswasliftednotlongafterPythagoras'death,hisfollowerscontinuedtoeatameatlessdiet”可知,盡管在Pythagoras死后,不吃豆子這一點(diǎn)沒(méi)有堅(jiān)持太久,但是他的追隨者仍然堅(jiān)持不吃肉,由此推斷不出來(lái)B選項(xiàng);根據(jù)第四段第二句可知Pythagoras影響了幾代的學(xué)者、思想家及個(gè)人可知C選項(xiàng)正確;根據(jù)第三段第一句可知Pythagoras和他的追隨者堅(jiān)持實(shí)踐素食主義主要是出于宗教和道德目的,故D項(xiàng)正確。故本題選B。

7.

WhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinPARAGRAPHTHREE?______A.Evil.B.Palatable.C.Plain.D.Notorious.正確答案:C[解析]推理判斷題。evil邪惡的,有害的;palatable美味的,使人愉快的;plain樸素的,純的;notorious臭名昭著的。文中是humblebean,humble本身有“謙虛的,低下的”的意思,故plain符合題意。故本題選C。

8.

Whatissuewerevegetariansinthemid-1800sinEnglandprimaryreasonwithwhenrefusingtoeatmeat?______A.Anenvironmentalprotection.B.Animalrights.C.Religiousbelief.D.Moralpurity.正確答案:D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)mid-1800s定位至第四段第三句,可知素食主義者不吃肉是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為好色、酗酒、無(wú)賴都是由吃肉引起的。故本題選D。

9.

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?______A.Pythagorasmadeagreatcontributiontobiology.B.Pythagorasthoughtbeans,likehumans,hadsouls.C.FrancisMooreLappeisacontemporaryvegetarian.D.BothBronsonAlcottandhisdaughterwerevegetarians.正確答案:C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知,Pythagoras對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)和素食主義有貢獻(xiàn),故A選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法不正確;根據(jù)第三段可知Pythagoras不吃豆子是因?yàn)樗X(jué)得豆子和人類(lèi)的構(gòu)成物質(zhì)是一樣的,故B說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤;由最后一段可知,素食主義在美國(guó)興起是在1960s,加速是在1970s,那時(shí)一個(gè)叫FrancisMooreLappe的人寫(xiě)了DietforaSmallPlanet一書(shū),并提倡素食主義,指出不吃肉的原因是為了保護(hù)環(huán)境,根據(jù)時(shí)間可知FrancisMooreLappe是當(dāng)代素食主義者,故C說(shuō)法正確。文中并未提及BronsonAlcott的女兒,故D說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。故本題選C。

10.

Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?______A.TheHistoryofVegetarianismB.TheFatherofVegetarianismC.TheAdvocatesofVegetarianismD.TheBenefitsofVegetarianism正確答案:A[解析]主旨?xì)w納題。文章從素食主義之父說(shuō)起,又按照時(shí)間的順序介紹了不同時(shí)期的素食主義者及其不吃肉的原因。故A選項(xiàng)“素食主義發(fā)展史”為文章的題目。故本題選A。

二、簡(jiǎn)答題根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù),用中文作答。1.

新課標(biāo)中明確指出,活動(dòng)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基本形式,是學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)和嘗試運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言理解與表達(dá)意義、發(fā)展多元思維、培養(yǎng)文化意識(shí)、形成學(xué)習(xí)能力的主要途徑。請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)述教師在設(shè)計(jì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。正確答案:英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:

(1)情境創(chuàng)設(shè)要盡量真實(shí),注意與學(xué)生已有的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)建立緊密聯(lián)系,力求直接、簡(jiǎn)潔、有效;

(2)教師要善于利用多種工具和手段,如思維導(dǎo)圖或信息結(jié)構(gòu)圖,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)自主與合作相結(jié)合的方式,完成對(duì)信息的獲取與梳理、概括與整合、內(nèi)化與運(yùn)用,教會(huì)學(xué)生在零散的信息和新舊知識(shí)之間建立關(guān)聯(lián),歸納和提煉基于主題的新知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu);

(3)教師要善于提出從理解到應(yīng)用、從分析到評(píng)價(jià)等有層次的問(wèn)題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的思維由低階向高階穩(wěn)步發(fā)展;同時(shí),教師要啟發(fā)學(xué)生積極參與針對(duì)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容和形式的討論和反思,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生圍繞有爭(zhēng)議的話題有理有據(jù)地表達(dá)個(gè)人的情感與觀點(diǎn);

(4)在情境創(chuàng)設(shè)中,教師要考慮地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)合、交際對(duì)象、人物關(guān)系和交際目的等,提示學(xué)生有意識(shí)地根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言形式,確保交際得體有效;

(5)教師要根據(jù)所學(xué)主題內(nèi)容、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)和學(xué)生經(jīng)驗(yàn)等,選擇和組織不同層次的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)。

三、教學(xué)情境分析題根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù),用中文作答。下列教學(xué)片段選自某高中課堂實(shí)錄:

Post-reading

Groupdiscussion:Howtointroduceacity?

(1)AskstudentstowatchavideoaboutBeijinganddiscusshowtointroduceBeijing.

(2)Askstudentstoworktogetheringroupstohaveadiscussiononhowtointroduceacityandeachgroupchoosesonerepresentativetomakeareporttoalltheclass.

Summary

Theteachersummarizesthemaincontentofthislesson,andtellsstudentstolovetheirmotherlandandhometown.

Homework

WriteashortpassageofBeijingusingtheinformationgivenbelow.

locationandareapopulation

landscapeandriversclimate

natureandenvironmenthistory

lifeandculturespecialty

localflavoreconomy

請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給材料回答下列問(wèn)題:1.

上述案例中Post-reading環(huán)節(jié)運(yùn)用了什么教學(xué)法?運(yùn)用這種教學(xué)法有什么好處?正確答案:上述案例中Post-reading環(huán)節(jié)運(yùn)用了任務(wù)型教學(xué)法。首先觀看介紹北京的視頻,做好任務(wù)前的準(zhǔn)備;然后小組合作開(kāi)展任務(wù),討論如何介紹一個(gè)城市,這屬于任務(wù)中環(huán)節(jié);最后小組代表匯報(bào)結(jié)果,這屬于任務(wù)后環(huán)節(jié)。

任務(wù)型教學(xué)法的作用:學(xué)生小組合作,在真實(shí)的語(yǔ)境中完成任務(wù)“討論如何介紹一個(gè)城市”的同時(shí),鍛煉思維能力和交際能力,提高綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。

2.

上述案例中的教學(xué)活動(dòng)是否存在不合理之處?請(qǐng)?zhí)岢龈倪M(jìn)建議。正確答案:英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提倡,在課堂教學(xué)中,應(yīng)突出“以學(xué)生為主體,教師為主導(dǎo)”的理念。但是在上述案例的總結(jié)環(huán)節(jié)中,教師只是自己總結(jié)了本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容,未能突出以學(xué)生為中心的原則。建議讓學(xué)生自主總結(jié),必要的時(shí)候教師予以補(bǔ)充。

四、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)題根據(jù)提供的信息和語(yǔ)言素材設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)方案,用英文作答。1.

根據(jù)提供的信息和語(yǔ)言素材設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)方案,用英文作答。

設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù):

請(qǐng)閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語(yǔ)言素材,設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)20分鐘的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課的教學(xué)方案,教案沒(méi)有固定格式,但必須包含下列要點(diǎn):

●teachingobjectives

●teachingcontents

●keyanddifficultpoints

●majorstepsandtimeallocation

●activitiesandjustifications

教學(xué)時(shí)間:20分鐘

學(xué)生概況:某城鎮(zhèn)普通高中一年級(jí)學(xué)生,班級(jí)人數(shù)40人,多數(shù)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平達(dá)到了課標(biāo)的相應(yīng)要求,課堂參與積極性一般。

語(yǔ)言素材:

Lookatthesesentences.Canyoufindthedifferencebetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech?

"Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,"saidAnne.(Directspeech)

Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.(Indirectspeech)

FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.(Indirectspeech)

"Whydidyougotobedsolatelastnight?"FatheraskedAnne.(Directspeech)正確答案:1.TeachingContents

Itisagrammarclassintroducingtheusageofdirectspeechandindirectspeechandthedifferencesbetweenthesetwokindsofspeeches.

2.TeachingObjectives

(1)LanguageAbility

Studentscanfurtherknowandunderstandhowtochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech.

(2)CulturalAwareness

Studentswillbegladtocommunicatewithothers.

(3)ThinkingCapacity

Studentscanimprovetheirlogicalthinkingabilitybyusingthedirectspeechandindirectspeech.

(4)LearningAbility

Studentscanrememberallkindsofchangessothattheycanusethemfreely.

3.TeachingKeyPoint

Howtochangesomespecialsentencesfromdirectspeechintoindirectspeech.

4.TeachingDifficultPoint

Howtoguidestudentstousedirectspeechandindirectspeechinrealsituations.

5.TeachingProcedures

Step1Lead-in(1min)

(1)Greetstudentsandasksomeofthemseveralquestionsrelatedtotheirdailylife.

(2)Inviteotherstorepeatwhattheysaidjustnow.

(3)Presentthreeofstudents'answersontheblackboardindirectspeechandindirectspeechseparately.Askallthestudentstofindoutthedifferencesbycomparingthesesentences.

【Justification:Usecommunicativeapproachtoencouragestudentstospeak.Guidestudentstoobserveandsummarize.Improvestudents'self-learningability.】

Step2Presentation(9mins)

(1)Askstudentstoobservethesentencesontheblackboardandtrytosumupthedefinitionofdirectspeechandindirectspeech.

(2)Showstudentssomedeclarativesentencesindirectspeechonthescreen.Askstudentstochangethemintoindirectspeech.

Forexample:

"Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,"saidAnne.

"Mydiaryismybestfriend."SaidLily.

(3)Showsomeinterrogativesentencesindirectspeechonthescreen.Studentstrytochangethemintoindirectspeech.

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