上海XXX大學(xué) 2020 –2021學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試試卷

上海XXX大學(xué)2020–2021學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試試卷課程名稱中語文化概要課程編號TRL3140.1402學(xué)號0203100963Pleasewriteanessayabout500-800wordsinEnglish,explainingaculturalphenomenoninChina.Acomparativeperspectiveisencouraged.WuyionthesouthbankoftheQinhuaiRiverinNanjing,WuyiLane,fromemergenceandprosperitytodecay,witnessesthevicissitudeoftimesandisengravedwithculturalmarksduringthechangesofdynasties.fromtheperspectivesofhistory,politics,WuyiLaneauniqueculturalimagetoWuyiLane:theepitomeofthearistocracyunderthepoliticsofclanWuyimeansblackclothes.TherearetwotheoriesabouttheoriginofthenameWuyiLane.OnetheoryisthatduringtheThreeKingdomsPeriod,thetroopsoftheKingdomofWuoncestationedhereandsetupWuyiBattalion.Inancienttimes,soldiersworeblackclothes.TheothertheoryisthatWuyiLaneistheresidencezoneoftheintheEasternJinDynasty.Theworeblackclothestohighlighttheirelegance.AlthoughWuyiLanehasbeeninexistencesincetheThreeKingdomsPeriod,itisaftertheprosperityoftheEasternJinDynastythatWuyiLanereallybecomesthelandmarkfortheliteratioflatergenerationstofeelthepast.Theclan,namely,thefamiliesthatsharetheancestryortheblood,tracesbacktotheQinDynastywhentheliteratioutofbureaucracylobbiedsomeofficerstofollowedthemintotheofficialcircle.Duringthethisgroupentereditsheyday.Theyoccupiedalargeamountoflandandlabor,andonlygotmarriedwithinthesameclass,whichmeansthattheydidmarrywithordinarypeople,namely,poorfamiliesandunprivilegedpeople.Byvirtueoftheofficialselectionsystembasedonthesystemofdominantfamily,theyoccupiedimportantpositionsintheimperialcourtforalongtime.TheprosperityofWuyiLaneisattributedtothetwowholivedthere------theWangclanofLangyaandtheXieclanofChenCounty,whichmakesWuyiLane,locatedinJinling,thecapitalcityoftheEasternJinDynasty,theepitomeofthearistocracyinthecity.ThedecayofWuyiLaneontheonehandliesintheshiftofgeographicalcentercausedbythechangeofdynasties.IntheSuiandTangdynastiesthethedevelopmentcenterinthesouthgraduallymovedfromJinlingtoYangzhouinthefarthernorth,alongwithwhichcamethedeclineofurbanstatusandeconomicprogress.Ontheotherhand,itspringsfromthealterationofofficialselectionsystem.SinceSuiDynasty,theimperialexaminationsystemreplacedthepreviousnine-ranksystemofrecommendation,andtheselectionofofficialschangedfromtheselectionbasedonfamiliestotheunifiedselectionofthecourt.Ordinarypeoplefrompoorfamiliescouldengageinofficialcareer,whichgreatlyweakenedthepoweroftheliteratioutofbureaucracy,andspeededuptheirprocessfromprosperitytodecay.WuyiLane:asentimentalplacefortheThechangeoftimescreatedaspecialgroupofpeople.Thisgrouplingeredonthesceneryoftheolddynasty,butcouldpreventthetideoftimesandthearrivalofthenew,thusbecomingtheorremnantsoftheolddynasty.WuyiLaneevolvedintothespiritualhomethisgrouptomournfortheirmotherland.ThiskindofemotionisespeciallystronginthetransitionofSong-YuanDynastiesandMing-QingDynasties,whichshareasimilarity,thatis,therulingofethnicminoritiesandtheretreatoftheHannationality.AttheendoftheSouthernSongDynasty,theMongolianarmymovedsouthward;attheendoftheMingDynasty,thearmymarchedsouth.Thechangeofnationalitiesstrengthenedthesenseofpersonalidentificationoftheadherents,andtheexpressionofprosperityandchangethroughWuyiLanehasalsobecomeacommontechniqueadherents.Inthewritingsoftheadherents,theimageofWuyiLaneusuallyhasastrongturn.燕京定鼎匹宗周，貢舶相望無時休。機抒織愁將作巧，在何處，綠柳青蒲靄煙霧。莽蒼一望外羅環(huán)，聆蔚參差雜衙路?！灰娺|陽一戰(zhàn)三將沮，百萬生靈化血湖。髑髏已入春閨夢，烽火井泉尚剝膚。——金陵行ShiWenqithepoetisanadherentoftheMingDynasty.Inthislongpoem,thepoetfirstmadeadetaileddescriptionoftheprosperoussceneryofWuyiLane.Inthepast,thescenerywasbeautiful,thelifewasleisurelyandthebusinesswasprosperous.Thenthepoetsharplytwistedtodescribethetragedyofthewar,thepoignantdeathofsoldiers,homelessanddestitutepeopleandsoon.TheauthoremployedsuchstrongcontrastinordertoheightenhisgrieftowardstheMingDynasty.Thewritingofsuchadherentsoftenpossessessuchastyle,andWuyiLanehasalsobecomeacommonimageofsuchadherents.WuyiLaneliterature:theclassicliteratureofsingingtheupsanddownsSurroundingtheculturalimageofWuyilanewithrichconnotation,WuyiLaneliteraturealsocomesintobeing.ApoemWuyiLaneandcomposedbyLiuYuxiintheTangDynastyisregardedasthestartingpointofWuyiLaneliterature.邊野草花，烏衣巷口夕陽斜。舊時飛入尋常百姓家?！獎⒂礤a《烏衣巷》ThepoemdescribesthesceneryaroundWuyiLane.WeedsgrewandwildflowersbloomedbytheRoadfinchBridge.TheafterglowshadowedtheentranceofWuyiLane.TheswallowsthatusedtoundertheeavesofthelobbiesofWangandXiefamilieshadflownintothehomesofordinarypeople.ThepoetusessimplelanguagetodescribethelonelyanddesolatescenearoundWuyiLane,whichcontrastswiththebustlingcrowdinthepast.Astheworldchanged,thetwofamousandprosperousfamiliesInthelaterChineseclassicalliterature,moreandmoreliteratichosetheculturalimageofWuyiLanetochanthistoricalfacts,recalltheancien