高考英語 語法復習專題 重點知識歸納+考點聚焦+仿真演練定語從句

【備戰(zhàn)】高考英語語法復習專題定語從句（重點知識歸納+考點聚焦+仿真演練，15頁）一、that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說明例句只用that的情況=1\*GB3①先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時=2\*GB3②先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時=3\*GB3③先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時=4\*GB3④先行詞既指人又指物時=5\*GB3⑤先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時=6\*GB3⑥句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避免重復時=1\*GB3①Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.=2\*GB3②Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.=3\*GB3③ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.=4\*GB3④Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.=5\*GB3⑤HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.=6\*GB3⑥Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況=1\*GB3①在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人=2\*GB3②在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。=3\*GB3③先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時多用who。=1\*GB3①Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.=2\*GB3②Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.=3\*GB3③Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.只用that，inwhich或不用關系詞的情況theway做先行詞時=1\*GB3①Mary,thereisonewaythatyoucouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouandcriticizingyou.=2\*GB3②Iwasstruckbythebeautyofthewayinwhichshestood.=3\*GB3③Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.A.theway B.inthewaythatC.intheway D.thewaywhich二、as與which,that的用法區(qū)別從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時，關系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.thesame...as和thesame...thatthesame...as指同類事物thesame...that指原物That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.（同類工具，不是同一把）That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用過的工具。（同一把工具）三、where、when與why引導的定語從句 關系副詞用法例句where關系副詞where引導定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作地點狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示(具體或抽象的)地點的名詞。We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint___bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.whichwhen關系副詞when引導定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作時間狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時間的名詞。Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;whenwhy關系副詞why引導定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作原因狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示原因的名詞。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewasputintoprison?你知道她坐牢的原因嗎？四、介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句基本形式●介詞+which/whom●介詞短語+which。常見介詞短語：asaresultof,bymeansof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_________hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis【解析】答案為C。“他”是上完了一個localgrammarschool之后，又上的Cambridge，故選afterwhich，引導一個非限制性定語從句，起補充說明作用。擴展形式不定代詞＋介詞＋關系代詞Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,______wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom【解析】答案為D。根據(jù)題意，兩者都不想買。定語從句部分還原：neitherofthemwantedtobuyit.the＋名詞＋介詞＋關系代詞Themanpulledoutagoldwatch, weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich【解析】答案為D?！皐atch”是物，故定語從句的引導詞不可用“whom”，可排除A、B兩項。由句意可知，空格處可填入“whosehands”或“thehandsofwhich”表示所屬關系。數(shù)詞＋介詞＋關系代詞③Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.

A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat【解析】答案為A?！?0%ofwhich”指代的是“80%oftheshoes”。the＋形容詞比較級（最高級）＋介詞＋關系代詞④Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich【解析】答案為D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings；B選項缺少一個連詞。介詞＋whose＋名詞Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from________effectspeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what【解析】答案為B。fromwhoseeffectspeople…=andpeoplearestillsufferingfromtheireffects。介詞＋which＋名詞⑥Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to,________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime【解析】答案為A。先行詞為一段時間，所以用“duringwhichtime”引導定語從句，表示“在此期間”。判斷介詞的方法方法一根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich【解析】答案為D。此題考查由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句，根據(jù)句意用fromwhich表示“所來的那個方向”，fromthedirection。方法二根據(jù)先行詞而定Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich【解析】答案為D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings，which在定語從句中指代building，作介詞of的賓語。方法三根據(jù)所要表達的意思來確定所要用的介詞Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to,__________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanoftheStudents’Union.A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime【解析】答案為A。由題意和所缺詞前面的逗號可判定題干是含非限制性定語從句的復合句，先行詞是表示一個時間段的短語from1999to；句意：從1999年到年馬克是這所大學的學生，在這（4年）期間他學習很用功并被選為學生會主席，所缺詞的意思為“在這期間”，故選A項。五、定語從句與先行詞被分割開來的現(xiàn)象定語從句一般緊接被它所修飾的先行詞；但有時候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分，使它與先行詞分隔開來，這種定語從句叫作被分隔的定語從句，在閱讀文章時會經(jīng)常遇到這種情況，在閱讀是要注意識別先行詞的修飾對象?，F(xiàn)象例句在定語從句加中插入語，常見的有：Ithink,Isuppose,Iguess,Iimagine等。辨別的方法是：去掉插入語后，原句句法結(jié)構仍然完整。①—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?—Right,justtheone________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what【解析】答案為C。work是不及物動詞，先行詞one在定語從句中只能作地點狀語，youknow在句中作插入語。②Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis【解析】答案為A。這里Ithink是插入語，which引導非限制性定語從句。在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個狀語Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.在太空中有成千上萬的象太陽般的星星?！窘馕觥空б豢矗瑃hat引導的定語從句在名詞sky的后面，似乎應該是修飾sky的。但仔細一想，“不對啊，天空怎么能象太陽呢？”，原來that引導的定語從句被inthesky這個地點狀語分隔開來，修飾中心詞stars。在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個定語DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?你還記得嗎，十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項鏈？【解析】whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace.實際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾years。Tenyearsago實際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。先行詞與定語從句被謂語分隔開來。此時，先行詞通常是句子的主語，因定語從句較長，主句謂語較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語從句移至謂語之后AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.（先行詞為Anewmaster）解題時要遵循下列原則：1.判別是不是定語從句；2.如果從句中缺少主語、表語、賓語，就要用關系代詞來引導從句；3.如果從句中缺少狀語，就得用關系副詞來引導從句；4.判斷先行詞的確切含義，再確定選用關系詞。①TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.this B.that C.what D.which【解析】答案為D。因為有逗號，所以不能選that，而選which，指代前面整個主句的內(nèi)容。句意：Ted只穿著短褲和體恤衫就來度周末，這樣的天氣就穿這些簡直做了件傻事。②Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,________itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.when B.which C.where D.while【解析】答案為C。由句型結(jié)構可以看出，該題中的先行詞refrigerator在從句中作介詞的賓語，該介賓結(jié)構在定語從句中作地點狀語，故選擇關系副詞where。when在從句中作時間狀語；which在從句中作主語或賓語；while是連詞，不能用于定語從句。句意：剩下的任何東西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存兩三周。③Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.when B.where C.thatD.which【解析】答案為A。先分析句子結(jié)構，判斷從句類型，題干說“在音樂會中間有間歇，此時你可以買冰激凌。”題干的前半部分完整無缺，后半部分補充說明這個間歇你可以干的事，所以這是一個非限定性定語從句，先行詞為interval，非限定性定語從句的功能就是對先行詞進行補充說明。由于從句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表時間，所以正確答案為A項。④Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_________arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.they B.where C.what D.that【解析】答案為D。句意：這個老城鎮(zhèn)擁有狹窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定語從句中缺少主語指物，因此用that。⑤Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_________arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.they B.where C.what D.that【解析】答案為D。句意：這個老城鎮(zhèn)擁有狹窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定語從句中缺少主語指物，因此用that。①TheBeatles,______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.

A.what B.that C.how D.as【解析】答案為D。as代替先行詞theBeatles同時又在從句中作remember的賓語，as的功能同which，但as有“正如”的意思。②_______Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.When B.After C.As D.Since【解析】答案為C。用“as”表示“正如我在電話里解釋的那樣”。③Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_____peopleexpected.A.like B.as C.that D.which【解析】答案為B。as在定語從句中作expected的賓語。①Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_______hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhich B.withwhich C.ofwhich D.towhich【解析】答案為C。先行詞為museum，在從句中充當定語。介詞用of。選C。句意：博物館的建造工程花費了超過三年的時間。②Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhich B.bywhich C.towhich D.fromwhich【解析】答案為C。考查介詞+which的用法。=Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywhich\thatwemayreturntointhenearfuture.③GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich【解析】答案為C。先行詞是Guncontrol,指物,關系詞在從句中做介詞的賓語,介詞前置,介詞與從句動詞構成搭配argueaboutsth,選C項。句意：槍支管理是美國人長期爭論的一個話題。①Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.A.which B.whose C.when D.where【解析】答案為B。句意：學校商店的顧客主要是學生，……?？涨坝卸禾?，且從句中缺定語，所以用whose引導非限制性定語從句，修飾theschoolshop，故答案為B項。②Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.where B.which C.its D.whose【解析】答案為D。先行詞是theoldtemple，關系詞在從句中做roof的定語，用關系代詞whose，選D項。其余選項與題意不符。③Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.A.that B.itC.what D.which【解析】答案為D。=whosewalls…=ofwhichthewalls…表示“咖啡屋的墻”。①OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.who B.which C.why D.when【解析】答案為D。先行詞是occasions所以引導詞通常用when或where，但是此句話中很明顯是說“我能跟孩子待上一整天的時候很少”，所以用when，為分隔式定語從句。②Thevillagehasdevelopedalotwelearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.when B.which C.that D.where【解析】答案為D。本句為分隔式定語從句。定語從句的先行詞為thevillage，從句中缺少地點狀語，故用where引導。①Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_________hesaidit.A.theway B.inthewaythat C.intheway D.thewaywhich【解析】答案為A。theway作先行詞，引導定語從句的關系詞通常可以省略，還可用that，inwhich引導。②It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.that B.when C.which D.where【解析】答案為D。先行詞是situation,指物,亦可指地點,關系詞在從句中做地點狀語,用關系副詞where,選D項。把孩子放在他們能夠另眼看自己的環(huán)境里是有益的。③Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders________consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.where B.when C.who D.which【解析】答案為A。先行詞是前面的cases，空白處在從句中作狀語，應用where引導指抽象的地點，意為“在這些案例中……”。整個句子可分解為：Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders.Inthesecasesconsumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.④Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.that B.what C.which D.where【解析】答案為D。整個句子可分解為：Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer;Atthepointsheneededtodecidewhattodo.本句中缺少一個狀語，所以選用關系副詞where來引導，相當于atwhich。ItwasApril29,PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A.that B.when C.since D.before【解析】答案為B。去掉Itwas及that后，April29，不可以單獨作時間狀語，所以不是強調(diào)句型。用when引導定語從句修飾April29。句意：年4月29日，威廉王子與凱特·米德爾頓步入了婚姻的殿堂。1.TheGreatWallistheplace____almostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.A.why B.which C.when D.where【答案與解析】B先行詞place在從句中作謂語動詞visit的賓語，所以要用關系代詞which。如果不注意分析句子\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的結(jié)構，就會受思維定勢的干擾而誤選D。2.TheGreatWallistheplace____almostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.A.why B.which C.when D.where【答案與解析】B先行詞place在從句中作謂語動詞visit\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的賓語，所以要用關系代詞which。如果不注意分析句子的結(jié)構，就會受思維定勢\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的干擾而誤選D。3.AmericanThanksgivingDay,______fallsonNov.24thisyear,takesonanentirelydifferentlookinChina.A.that B.when C.which D.what【答案與解析】Ｃ代替先行詞ThanksgivingDay，在從句中作主語，引導一個定語從句，所以用which。4.Doyouknowthewastelandtheyusedtoplayhasbeentransformedintoathemepark?A.that B.which C.there D.where【答案與解析】Ｄ代替表示地點的先行詞thewasteland，在從句中做地點狀語，從句相當于theyusedtoplayon。5.Thecitywasattackedby____terribleweather____fewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.A.so,as B.so,thatC.such,that D.such,as【答案與解析】D第一空，空后接\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的是”形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞”，因此使用such；第二空，experienced后缺少賓語，所以用as引導定語從句，并在從句中作賓語。注意在such…that…結(jié)構中，that引導結(jié)果狀語從句，that在從句中不充當任何成分。6.Inourcitythereareseveralbigpublicparks_______manypeoplecangotoenjoythebeautifulscenery.A.inwhich B.atwhich C.fromwhich D.towhich【答案與解析】D句意：在我們的城市里有幾個大\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的公園，許多人去那里欣賞美景。先行詞是severalbigpublicparks，短語gototheparks的介詞to提前，故用介詞+which\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的用法。7.Therearespecieslivinginthedepthsoftheoceans______westillknowlittle.A.forwhich B.inwhich C.ofwhat D.ofwhich【答案與解析】D代替指物的先行詞species，在介詞of后作賓語，所以用冠詞代詞which，這里表達\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的是我們對于這些物種一無所知，即knowlittleof，所以選D。8.Agoodadvertisementoftenuseswords_______peopleattachpositivemeanings.A.that B.which C.withwhich D.towhich【答案與解析】D根據(jù)attach的搭配確定介詞用to，代詞指物\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的先行詞words，作介詞to的賓語用which。9.Thecompanionswith___________mybrotherassociatesarefriendlyandwarm-hearted.A.whom B.which C.that D.them【答案與解析】A句意：我弟弟交\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的伙伴很友好還是熱心腸。先行詞是thecompanions，associatewith“與…交往”，介詞with提到了前面，故用介詞+whom的用法。10.\o"MorearticlesaboutStevenP.Jobs."StevenP.Jobs,deathwasannouncedonWednesday,ledaculturaltransformationinthewaymusic,moviesandmobilecommunicationswereexperiencedinthedigitalage.A.ofwhom B.which C.whose D.ofwhich【答案與解析】C在從定語從句中作定語修飾death，代替指人的先行詞，所以用關系代詞whose，相當于thedeathofwhom。11.Theprojectisbasedonanagreement,oneof________purposesistoensurethattheprojectcanbeaccomplishedbeforethedeadline.A.whose

B.which

C.its

D.what【答案與解析】A代替指物\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的先行詞，在從句中作定語修飾名詞purposes，所以用關系代詞whose。12.Tonyshowedmehisnewcellphone,_______wassmallbutitcouldchangecolorsindifferentweather.A.thescreenofwhom B.whomthescreenof C.whichthescreenof D.thescreenofwhich【答案與解析】D從四個選項的設置不難看出是考察介詞加關系代詞引導的非限制性定語從句。再從先行詞watch可看出是指物，可排除A和B選項。C項中關系代詞應放在介詞之后，如改為ofwhichthescreen或者whosescreen也是可以的。13.Theyhavestartedaninvestigation,________arebeingkeptsecret.A.thedetailsofwhich B.ofwhichthedetailsC.whosethedetails D.thedetailsofit【答案與解析】Athedetailsofwhich相當于whosedetails。句意為：他們開始了一項研究，細節(jié)被保密。14,Therewasatreeinfrontofthehouse,ownerwasseensittingunderit,enjoyingtheshade.A.where B.whose C.which D.that【答案與解析】Bwhose引導定語從句，代替指物的先行詞thehouse，在從句中作定語，修飾owner，所以用關系代詞whose，相當于theownerofwhich。15.TheCCTVprogram,PeopleWhoMovedChina,honorsthose____contributionsshouldberemembered.A.whose B.whichC.their D.who【答案與解析】A代詞指物\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的先行詞PeopleWhoMovedChina（感動中國人物），作名詞contributions的定語，應該用關系代詞whose。16.Theprofessorbuiltaglasswall________becouldobservewhatwasgoingoninside.A.inwhich B.whereC.fromwhichD.throughwhich【答案與解析】D表示“透過玻璃墻”，應該用介詞through，在介詞后作賓語代替指物\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的先行詞aglasswall用關系代詞which。句意為：教授建了一堵玻璃墻，透過這堵墻能夠觀察到里面的一切。17.ImadefriendswithTomduringhisstayinBeijing,_________hewasstudyingChineseinauniversitythere.A.which B.that C.when D.where【答案與解析】C分隔式定語從句。when引導一個非限制性定語從句，代替指時間\o"全品高考網(wǎng)"的先行詞duringhisstay，在從句中國作時間狀語，所以用when,相當于inwhich。句意為：在湯姆逗留北京期間我們交上了朋友，那個時候在北京的一所大學學習中文。18.AsurveywasconductedinShanghai_______intervieweeswereaskediftheywantedtobeafactoryworker.A.when B.whether C.that D.where【答案與解析】D分隔式定語從句。先行詞為survey，關系詞在從句中作狀語，因此使用關系副詞，先排除B和C；空處表示在調(diào)查中.因使用where，也可用inwhich。19.December17,wasasaddayfortheNorthKoreans,theirtopleaderKimJung-ilpassedawayunexpected