情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講義高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

高中語(yǔ)法精講九<情態(tài)動(dòng)詞>基本語(yǔ)法規(guī)則：①無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化②+V原,構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞dare和need特殊用法：dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞放肯定句，daretodosth（有人稱/數(shù)的變化）放否/疑句，dare（to）dosth（有人稱/數(shù)的變化）dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放否定句/疑問(wèn)句/條件句need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)：needtodo（有人稱/數(shù)的變化）被動(dòng)：needdoing（有人稱/數(shù)的變化）needtobedone（有人稱/數(shù)的變化）need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放否定句/疑問(wèn)句/條件句情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用法：肯定式hadbetterdosthusedtodosthoughttodosth否定式hadbetternotdosthusednottodosth=didn’tusetodooughtnottodosth疑問(wèn)式Hadsb.betterdosthUsedsb.nottodosth=DidsbusetodosthOughtsb.todosth情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)推測(cè)：推測(cè)現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)：①can/may表“可能”②can't表“不可能”③must表“肯定”might/could可能性<can/may可能性can’t<couldn’t<maynot<might<may<oughtto<could<must（可能性排列順序）can：理論推測(cè)，放否/疑句may：事實(shí)預(yù)測(cè)，放肯定句could：對(duì)過(guò)去推測(cè)：放肯/否/疑句should：非?？赡艿耐茰y(cè)推測(cè)過(guò)去：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+donemusthavedone....can’t/couldn’thavedone.....過(guò)去一定做了....不可能已經(jīng)做了....shouldhavedone....could/may/mighthavedone.....本應(yīng)該做.....或許已經(jīng)做....（可能性could>may>might）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測(cè)的反義疑問(wèn)句：按照原來(lái)句子時(shí)態(tài)情況變化Eg.Hemustbeathome,isn’the?Eg.Hemusthavegoneabroad，hasn'the?Eg.Hemusthavelosthisbookyesterday，didn'the?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法：{必須過(guò)去式，如could/mighthavedone}couldhavedone本可以做..../couldn’thavedone本不可以做...mighthavedone本有可能做..../mightn’thavedone本不可能做...shouldhavedone本應(yīng)該做..../shouldn’thavedone本不應(yīng)該做...needn'thavedone本不必做.....was/weretohavedone本打算做.....wouldliketohavedone本想要做.....wouldratherhavedone本希望做.....Hadwanted/planned/meant/hoped/intended+to+do=wanted/planned/meant/hoped/intendedtohavedone.....情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can其他用法：①表能夠=beableto(有時(shí)態(tài)，成功做成)②表驚訝（否/疑/感嘆句）Eg.Howcanyoubesorude?③can't....too/enough....:怎樣也不算過(guò)分Eg.Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingthebusystreet.④can'thelpdoingsth.=can'thelpbutdosth.=can'tbutdosth.“情不自禁做某事”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may其他用法：MayI...？請(qǐng)求別人，對(duì)自己有利ShallI...？征求意見(jiàn)，對(duì)他人有利May+第一/二人稱，表祝福may/mightaswell“最好/倒不如”=hadbetterEg.Youmightaswellstayinbedtohaveagoodrest.maywell“很可能”：Shemaywellnotwanttolivealone.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall具體用法：表承諾/法律/規(guī)章/義務(wù)等：“必須”用于第一人稱，陳述將要發(fā)生的事情Eg.Ishallgotothecitytomorrow.用于第二/三人稱陳述句中，表決心/命令/允諾/威脅/主觀意志用于第一/三人稱陳述句中，表征求意見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should具體用法：（shall的過(guò)去式，表建議/勸告）表現(xiàn)在情況表示吃驚，“竟然”→對(duì)過(guò)去情況吃驚:shouldhavedone句型：Itissurprising/strange/apitythatyoushouldbesofoolish.②表“萬(wàn)一”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will具體用法：will+第一人稱，表決心/允諾/威脅/意志：Eg.I’llkillyousoonerorlater.will+第一人稱，陳述將要發(fā)生的事情If條件句中，will表意愿，并非表將來(lái)；若要表將來(lái)，則beto...表現(xiàn)在的一種傾向和習(xí)慣非人稱主語(yǔ)+won't，表示某物暫時(shí)的特性，“不能....”Eg.Thewindowwon’topennow.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would具體用法：表過(guò)去某種習(xí)慣，傾向，“總是”過(guò)去的意志/意圖，“愿意”非人稱主語(yǔ)+wouldn't，表示某物暫時(shí)的特性，“不能....”注意：Don'tgothere;itistoodangerous!No,Iwon’t.(前面否定，No就是Yes，和反義疑問(wèn)句的理解一樣)14.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must用法：（must的過(guò)去式must）①“偏要”，語(yǔ)氣不耐煩表自然規(guī)律，必然結(jié)果：Allmanmustdie.mustn't：“千萬(wàn)不要高中語(yǔ)法精講十<虛擬語(yǔ)氣>wish和hope對(duì)比：wish用法hope用法+賓語(yǔ)從句（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）+賓語(yǔ)從句（陳述語(yǔ)氣）+不定式+不定式+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)/雙賓：Iwishyouagoodfuture.ifonly和onlyif對(duì)比：ifonly用法onlyif用法翻譯：“如果....就好了”翻譯：“只要”①對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況虛擬，用過(guò)去時(shí)②對(duì)過(guò)去情況虛擬，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)Itisabout/hightimethat從句（過(guò)去式/should+V原）should不省略“早該做....了”should不省略wouldrather=’drather“寧愿”表示現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)的愿望，從句+過(guò)去時(shí)例：I’dratheryoucametomorrow.表示與過(guò)去相反的愿望，從句+過(guò)完例：I’dratheryouhadfinishedit.真實(shí)條件句（假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生）虛擬條件句（對(duì)過(guò)去/現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)假設(shè)，情況相反）陳述語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣普通虛擬條件句的理解：具體展開如下：時(shí)間從句（V）情況主句（V）情況與現(xiàn)在相反過(guò)去時(shí)wouldwould/should/could/mightdo與將來(lái)相反①過(guò)去時(shí)②shoulddo③weretodo與過(guò)去相反過(guò)去完成時(shí)would/should/could/mighthavedone例1:Ifitweren’trainingsohard,wewouldgotothebeach.例2：sankSupposingthisshipweretosink,whatwouldwedotosaveourselves?shouldsink例3：Ifthenowlawhadbeenputintouse,theaccidentwouldn’thavehappened.錯(cuò)綜虛擬條件句的理解：主從句時(shí)間不一致，具體情況具體分析從過(guò)去，主將來(lái)（錯(cuò)綜虛擬語(yǔ)氣）Iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.從過(guò)去，主現(xiàn)在（錯(cuò)綜虛擬語(yǔ)氣）Iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning,theywouldbetherenow.從過(guò)去，主過(guò)去（普通虛擬語(yǔ)氣）Iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning,theywouldhavearrived.If引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法：If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中有were/had/should,則省略if,把were/had/should提到sb前面，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例1：Ifitshouldraintomorrow，weshouldhavetoputoffourplan.Shoulditraintomorrow，weshouldhavetoputoffourplan.例2：IfIhadcatchthefirstbus,Iwouldnothavebeenlateforschool.HadIcatchthefirstbus,Iwouldnothavebeenlateforschool.條件分句的理解:真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句零條件句第一條件句第二條件句第三條件句客觀事實(shí)/科學(xué)理論可能會(huì)發(fā)生的假設(shè)/條件與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反/將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件/假設(shè)主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)主虛擬從過(guò)完??注意??注意：在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，用were；倒裝虛擬和ifIwereyou中，也只用were.Eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.含蓄條件句的理解：（部分句子省略了表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的的詞，短語(yǔ)）表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的詞/短語(yǔ)：otherwise/inthatcase/with/without/butfor/or/but/evenif/eventhough/asthough/asif/.例1：Withoutwaterwecouldnotliveontheearth.例2：Butforthestormwewouldhavebeenthereinviding/provided“倘若“；作連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。supposing/suppose”如果，假設(shè)”；引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣或陳述語(yǔ)氣。句型1:Ifitweren’tfor.....如果不是....(與現(xiàn)在相反)句型2:Ifithadn’tbeenfor.....如果不是....(與過(guò)去相反)注意：一個(gè)句子可以虛擬語(yǔ)氣和陳述一起，具體辨別：陳述說(shuō)的是事實(shí)；虛擬語(yǔ)氣說(shuō)的是假設(shè)，體現(xiàn)條件從句和主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。（should）+V原的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表建議/要求常用（should）+V原的動(dòng)詞Insist堅(jiān)持要求ordersuggest建議demandmandurgeproposeremendrequestrequirepreferaskadvise...............Eg.Myfather