水庫(kù)樞紐工程土石壩計(jì)算說(shuō)明書(shū)

水庫(kù)樞紐工程土石壩計(jì)算說(shuō)明書(shū) 4.5混凝土面板土石壩加復(fù)合土工膜穩(wěn)定校核與滲透變 1.《水利水電工程等級(jí)劃分及洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》SL252——2000，中華人民共和國(guó)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中華人民共和國(guó)水利部發(fā)布，2000年7月13日發(fā)布，2000年8月1日實(shí)施。2.《水電樞紐工程等級(jí)劃分及設(shè)計(jì)安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》DL5180——2003,代替SDJ12——1978和SDJ217——1987,中華人民共和國(guó)電力行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易委員會(huì)發(fā)布，2003年1月9日發(fā)布，3.《水工建筑物》第三版，天津大學(xué)祁慶和主編，中國(guó)水利水電出版社出版。4.《碾壓式土石壩設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》SL274——2001，中華人民共和國(guó)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中華人民共和國(guó)水利部發(fā)布，2002年1月28日發(fā)布，2002年3月1日實(shí)施。5.《水利水電工程施工導(dǎo)流設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)則》DL/T5144——2000,中華人民共和國(guó)電力行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易委員會(huì)發(fā)布，2000年11月3日發(fā)布，2001年1月1日實(shí)施。6.《中國(guó)大壩》中國(guó)大壩編輯組.19807.《水利工程施工》.袁光裕.第三版.中國(guó)水利水電出版社XX地處山區(qū)，壩址附近土料豐富，雖河流兩面4.供水灌溉：還有供水，水庫(kù)要保證上下游城鎮(zhèn)人民的生活用水，Δt-Δt=V2-V1式中Q1——時(shí)段Δt始的入庫(kù)流量，m3/s；Q2——時(shí)段Δt末的出庫(kù)流量，m3/s；Δt——計(jì)算時(shí)段，s.現(xiàn)只能按照估算法:程為米.土石壩。其中土石壩又分為土石心墻壩，土石斜墻壩，心墻堆2.混凝土重力壩壩型：混凝土重力壩依靠大壩自身力從而維持穩(wěn)定。所以重力壩要求建在巖基上4.支墩壩支墩壩由一系列支敦和擋水面板所組成，支墩沿壩土石壩可以分為土石心墻壩，土石斜墻壩，心墻堆石壩，建造土石壩的有利條件，河谷不是很寬，是3）從施工機(jī)械來(lái)看，大型土壩施工機(jī)械為加快施是重型振動(dòng)碾的使用，可把土壩體碾壓的密實(shí)7）土壩設(shè)計(jì)理論和施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累和發(fā)展，為修建即安全，又土壩幾種防滲分區(qū)壩型比較：鋼筋混凝土又較心墻壩多，故放棄鋼筋混凝土斜墻壩。混凝土滲結(jié)構(gòu)施工的影響；防滲面板設(shè)在壩體表面，維護(hù)、壩體剖面設(shè)計(jì)有：壩頂；上下游壩坡；馬道；排水結(jié)構(gòu)按照設(shè)計(jì)和校核情況計(jì)算取最大者。相應(yīng)靜水d=ha+e+AA:為安全超高，取0.7；其中ha按照公式計(jì)算ha=0.45h1m-1n-0.6;e=kv2Dcosα/2gH;游為混凝土面板，為了施工和壩體穩(wěn)定也設(shè)馬道，上游壩坡坡率設(shè)計(jì)為穩(wěn)定壩坡，1：3，為防止?jié)B流逸出處的滲透變形；改變滲流方向，增加 施工碾壓。空隙率控制在2500到3000之間。滲透系數(shù)不大于0.1cm/s。的厚度可小于相連接的面板厚度，但是不小于0.3要求趾板混凝土與面板混凝土的要求相同。采用525#硅酸鹽水泥，或普通硅酸鹽水泥，趾板表面。每向配筋率采用0.300。巖基上趾板鋼筋保護(hù)層厚度取10 墊層為面板提供支承，把面板傳過(guò)來(lái)的力荷載均勻地傳墊層料的選擇：墊層材料必須選用地質(zhì)新鮮，堅(jiān)硬具有過(guò)渡層材料選擇：為避免在剛度相差較大地兩種土石料之點(diǎn)，采用極限強(qiáng)度為706kg/cm2的石英砂巖和275kg 粒材料最優(yōu)含量為3400。控制內(nèi)摩擦角的細(xì)顆粒材料最優(yōu)含量是2500。但細(xì)顆粒材料含量為3400時(shí)，也接近達(dá)到最大內(nèi)摩擦角的值。沙那工程，細(xì)顆粒材料含量為1000，小于25毫米的材料含量為2500，加水為1500。Ec取1452、下游回填土區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)：下游主土回填區(qū)也稱(chēng)為任意不超過(guò)500。參照已經(jīng)建設(shè)直接縫,即縱縫,將防滲面板分成若干條板,為了滿足用滑動(dòng)模平縫。趾板與面板之間設(shè)計(jì)周邊縫.根據(jù)壩體變形及施工條件進(jìn)行面面板混凝土應(yīng)該具有比較高的耐久性，抗?jié)B性，抗裂性和施混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)不能小與C25。抗?jié)B性不能小于W8。面板混凝土采用普通硅酸鹽水泥。為防 水化熱溫升和收縮變形。采用摻粉煤灰，摻量在1500到3000之間。面板耐久性，控制堿骨料反應(yīng)，在水泥中加入硅粉，即二氧化硅a、趾板地基開(kāi)挖：將強(qiáng)風(fēng)化的巖石挖除。以不破壞基巖完順完整。開(kāi)挖出渣的清理；采用推土機(jī)集渣，挖d、趾板基礎(chǔ)灌漿：有固結(jié)灌漿和帷幕灌漿。灌漿的目的是提高基巖的強(qiáng)度和整體性，度，比較小的壓縮變形，避免地基不均勻沉降而影為了確保大壩穩(wěn)定擋水，確定一個(gè)穩(wěn)定邊坡。多年來(lái)穩(wěn)定分析一般多采用極限平衡法和非線性圓弧法。在這里強(qiáng)度理論中τ=c+σtanφ在土石壩分析穩(wěn)定中適應(yīng)。；σn：正應(yīng)力；τf：土體抗剪強(qiáng)度。具體計(jì)算如下面：計(jì)算項(xiàng)目：XX水庫(kù)等厚土層土坡穩(wěn)定計(jì)算------------------------------------------------------------------------[計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖][控制參數(shù)]:采用規(guī)范:碾壓式土石壩設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范計(jì)算工期:穩(wěn)定滲流期計(jì)算目標(biāo):安全系數(shù)計(jì)算滑裂面形狀:圓弧滑動(dòng)法地震烈度:7度水平地震系數(shù):0.100地震作用綜合系數(shù):0.250地震作用重要性系數(shù):1.000地震力作用位置:質(zhì)心處水平加速度分布類(lèi)型：矩形[坡面信息]坡面線段數(shù)坡面線號(hào)123455水平投影(m)47.380 2.00044.620 2.00045.900豎直投影(m)15.7000.00015.0000.00015.090超載數(shù)00000[土層信息]上部土層數(shù)1層號(hào)層厚重度飽和重度全孔壓147.00018.00020.000---層號(hào)粘聚力內(nèi)摩擦角水下粘聚水下內(nèi)摩(kPa)(度)力(kPa)擦角(度)110.00025.00010.00025.000層號(hào)十字板強(qiáng)度增十字板羲強(qiáng)度增長(zhǎng)系(kPa)長(zhǎng)系數(shù)下值(kPa)數(shù)水下值1------------================================================================下部土層數(shù)1層號(hào)層厚重度飽和重度全孔壓14.00018.00020.000---層號(hào)粘聚力內(nèi)摩擦角水下粘聚水下內(nèi)摩(kPa)(度)力(kPa)擦角(度)120.00030.00015.00025.000層號(hào)十字板強(qiáng)度增十字板羲強(qiáng)度增長(zhǎng)系(kPa)長(zhǎng)系數(shù)下值(kPa)數(shù)水下值1------------[水面信息]采用有效應(yīng)力法孔隙水壓力采用近似方法計(jì)算不考慮滲透力作用考慮邊坡外側(cè)靜水壓力水面線段數(shù)1水面線起始點(diǎn)坐標(biāo):(0.000,43.000)壩坡外水位:40.000(m)水面線號(hào)水平投影(m)豎直投影(m)160.0000.000[計(jì)算條件]圓弧穩(wěn)定分析方法:瑞典條分法土條重切向分力與滑動(dòng)方向反向時(shí):當(dāng)下滑力對(duì)待穩(wěn)定計(jì)算目標(biāo):自動(dòng)搜索最危險(xiǎn)滑裂面條分法的土條寬度:2.000(m)搜索時(shí)的圓心步長(zhǎng):2.000(m)搜索時(shí)的半徑步長(zhǎng):1.000(m)計(jì)算結(jié)果:------------------------------------------------------------------------起始x終止xliCi謎土條土條Z計(jì)算孔隙水地震力高度Z附加力X附加力Y下滑力抗滑力超載豎向飽和重以下浮力條重Wi壓力X)(靜水壓Y)地震力地震力11.04912.961-12.5421.95910.00025.00020.2510.1210.12395.510.5136.5518.4857.36-32.2021.080.000.0012.96114.874-11.7651.95310.00025.00060.2330.1130.11399.6336.9618.4057.36-34.3930.540.000.0014.87416.786-10.9901.94810.00025.00099.1849.5949.59403.482.4837.3518.3257.36-35.9639.780.000.0016.78618.698-10.2181.94310.00025.000137.1068.5568.55407.063.4337.7118.2357.37-36.9548.810.000.0018.69820.610-9.4471.93810.00025.000174.0087.0087.00410.374.3538.0418.1557.36-37.3857.620.000.0020.61022.522-8.6781.93410.00025.000209.91104.95104.95413.425.2538.3418.0757.37-37.2666.210.000.0022.52224.434-7.9101.93110.00025.000244.79122.39122.39416.216.1238.6217.9857.36-36.6374.560.000.0024.43426.346-7.1441.92710.00025.000278.69139.34139.34418.746.9738.8717.9057.36-35.4982.690.000.0026.34628.259-6.3801.92410.00025.000311.59155.80155.80421.017.7939.1017.8257.37-33.8790.590.000.0028.25930.171-5.6161.92110.00025.000343.50171.75171.75423.028.5939.3017.7357.36-31.7998.240.000.0030.17132.083-4.8531.91910.00025.000374.44187.22187.22424.779.3639.4817.6557.37-29.27105.660.000.0032.08333.995-4.0921.91710.00025.000404.38202.19202.19426.2610.1139.6317.5757.36-26.33112.830.000.0033.99535.907-3.3311.91510.00025.000433.37216.68216.68427.5010.8339.7517.4857.37-22.99119.750.000.0035.90737.819-2.5701.91410.00025.000461.35230.68230.68428.4911.5339.8517.4057.36-19.26126.420.000.0037.81939.731-1.8101.91310.00025.000488.38244.19244.19429.2212.2139.9217.3257.36-15.17132.840.000.0039.73141.644-1.0511.91210.00025.000514.44257.22257.22429.7012.8639.9717.2357.36-10.74139.000.000.0041.64443.556-0.2911.91210.00025.000539.54269.77269.77429.9213.4939.9917.1557.36-5.98144.910.000.0043.55645.4680.4681.91210.00025.000563.67281.83281.83429.8914.0939.9917.0757.37-0.92150.550.000.0045.46847.3801.2281.91310.00025.000586.78293.39293.39429.6114.6739.9616.9857.364.42155.920.000.0047.38049.3802.0052.00110.00025.000624.20312.10312.10429.0515.6139.910.0060.0027.77165.170.000.0049.38051.1502.7541.77210.00053.1013.38148.170.000.0025.000560.22280.11280.11428.2814.0139.8315.8751.15052.9203.4581.77310.00053.1018.47152.170.000.0025.000577.88288.94288.94427.3214.4539.7315.8052.92054.6904.1631.77510.00053.1023.72155.950.000.0025.000594.76297.38297.38426.1414.8739.6115.7254.69056.4604.8681.77610.00053.1029.14159.520.000.0025.000610.90305.45305.45424.7415.2739.4715.6556.46058.2305.5741.77810.00053.1034.69162.860.000.0025.000626.21313.11313.11423.1215.6639.3115.5858.23060.0006.2811.78110.00053.1040.37165.980.000.0025.000640.77320.38320.38421.2916.0239.1315.5060.00062.0007.0352.01510.00060.0052.58191.030.000.0025.000740.56370.28370.28419.0818.5138.9117.4362.00064.0007.8362.01910.00060.0060.12194.420.000.0025.000757.02378.51378.51416.4718.9338.6517.3464.00066.0008.6382.02310.00060.0067.76197.470.000.0025.000772.32386.16386.16413.5719.3138.3617.2466.00068.0009.4432.02710.00060.0075.50200.210.000.0025.000786.49393.25393.25410.3919.6638.0417.1568.00070.00010.2492.03210.00060.0083.30202.610.000.0025.000799.50399.75399.75406.9219.9937.6917.0570.00072.00011.0572.03810.00060.0091.15204.690.000.0025.000811.36405.68405.68403.1620.2837.3216.9672.00074.00011.8682.04410.00060.0099.00206.430.000.0025.000822.00411.00411.00399.1020.5536.9116.8774.00076.00012.6802.05010.00060.00106.86207.850.000.0025.000831.52415.76415.76394.7520.7936.4716.7776.00078.00013.4962.05710.00060.00114.67208.920.000.0025.000839.79419.89419.89390.1020.9936.0116.6878.00080.00014.3142.06410.00060.00122.42209.670.000.0025.000846.88423.44423.44385.1521.1735.5116.5880.00082.00015.1362.07210.00060.00130.08210.080.000.0025.000852.77426.38426.38379.8921.3234.9916.4982.00084.00015.9602.08010.00060.00137.63210.150.000.0025.000857.38428.69428.69374.3321.4334.4316.4084.00086.00016.7882.08910.00060.00145.03209.890.000.0025.000860.77430.39430.39368.4521.5233.8416.3086.00088.00017.6202.09810.00060.00152.26209.290.000.0025.000862.91431.45431.45362.2621.5733.2316.2188.00090.00018.4552.10810.00060.00159.28208.340.000.0025.000863.71431.86431.86355.7421.5932.5716.1190.00092.00019.2942.11910.00025.000863.29431.64431.64348.9021.5831.8916.0260.00166.09207.070.000.0092.00094.00020.1382.13010.00060.00172.62205.450.000.0025.000861.51430.75430.75341.7421.5431.1715.9394.00096.00020.9872.14210.00060.00190.97197.980.000.0025.000844.93422.46422.46334.2321.1230.420.0096.00097.88621.8152.03110.00056.58169.05184.320.000.0025.000779.73389.86389.86326.6219.4929.6614.6097.88699.77222.6252.04310.00056.58173.73181.920.000.0025.000774.03387.02387.02318.9219.3528.8914.5299.772101.65823.4382.05510.00056.58178.08179.240.000.0025.000767.18383.59383.59310.9019.1828.0914.44101.658103.54324.2572.06910.00056.58182.06176.280.000.0025.000759.11379.55379.55302.5618.9827.2614.36103.543105.42925.0822.08210.00056.58185.66173.050.000.0025.000749.84374.92374.92293.9018.7526.3914.28105.429107.31525.9112.09710.00056.58188.85169.540.000.0025.000739.30369.65369.65284.9118.4825.4914.20107.315109.20126.7472.11210.00056.58191.57165.740.000.0025.000727.46363.73363.73275.5718.1924.5614.12109.201111.08727.5892.12810.00056.58193.83161.690.000.0025.000714.36357.18357.18265.9017.8623.5914.04111.087112.97328.4372.14510.00056.58195.56157.350.000.0025.000699.88349.94349.94255.8617.5022.5913.96112.973114.85929.2932.16210.00056.58196.76152.750.000.0025.000684.06342.03342.03245.4717.1021.5513.88114.859116.74530.1552.18110.00056.58197.37147.870.000.0025.000666.82333.41333.41234.7016.6720.4713.80116.745118.63031.0252.20110.00056.58197.36142.740.000.0025.000648.18324.09324.09223.5516.2019.3513.72118.630120.51631.9032.22110.00056.57196.69137.330.000.0025.000628.00314.00314.00212.0115.7018.2013.64120.516122.40232.7902.24310.00056.58195.33131.670.000.0025.000606.35303.18303.18200.0615.1617.0113.56122.402124.28833.6862.26610.00056.58193.22125.760.000.0025.000583.12291.56291.56187.7014.5815.7713.48124.288126.11334.5762.21710.00049.28185.31115.490.000.0025.000540.69264.87275.82175.1313.5214.5111.68126.113127.93835.4612.24110.00038.33183.93108.780.000.0025.000515.91241.53274.38162.3412.9013.239.03127.938129.76336.3562.26610.00027.38181.69101.840.000.0025.000489.57217.41272.16149.1212.2411.916.41129.763131.58837.2612.29310.00016.43178.5294.650.000.0025.000461.60192.48269.13135.4611.5410.553.83131.588133.41438.1782.32210.00025.000431.98166.71265.26121.3410.809.135.48174.3987.230.000.00133.414135.11139.0732.18610.00025.000372.69131.16241.52107.289.327.730.000.00159.1175.980.000.00135.111136.80839.9472.21410.00025.000342.22107.41234.8193.288.566.330.000.00157.0272.550.000.00136.808138.50540.8322.24310.00025.000310.2682.90227.3678.847.764.880.000.00154.2868.900.000.00138.505140.20341.7292.27410.00025.000276.7157.60219.1163.946.923.390.000.00150.8065.030.000.00140.203141.90042.6392.30710.00025.000241.5431.49210.0548.566.040.000.00146.5760.940.000.00141.900143.03543.4071.56310.00025.000137.346.10131.2435.373.430.540.000.0092.6137.130.000.00143.035144.55844.1392.12210.00025.000145.360.00145.3622.613.630.000.000.00103.7746.310.000.00144.558146.08144.9882.15310.00025.00099.660.0099.667.612.490.000.000.0072.1945.940.000.00146.081147.42045.7971.92010.00025.00050.640.0050.640.000.000.000.0037.1835.240.000.00147.420148.75846.5651.94710.00025.00017.030.0017.030.000.430.000.000.0012.6624.780.000.00面板的估算，以確定施工時(shí)預(yù)留一定的沉降量，同時(shí)以S2：待修建壩的預(yù)計(jì)沉降值；E2：待修建壩的變形模量；H2，H1：分別為壩高。由于壩體是比較堅(jiān)硬的石英砂巖，沉降量非常小，在設(shè)計(jì)施工時(shí)預(yù)計(jì)流lll毫米的沉降計(jì)算項(xiàng)目:一般穩(wěn)定滲流問(wèn)題公式法1土堤頂部寬度b=9.000(m)土堤頂部高度h=46.000(m)上游坡坡率1:m1=3.000下游坡坡率1:m2=3.000堤身滲透系數(shù)k=0.150(m/d)上游水位h1=43.000(m)下游水位h2=0.000(m)斜墻頂部寬度=1.440(m)斜墻底部寬度=1.400(m)斜墻滲透系數(shù)=0.010(m/d)不透水地基排水棱體高度=4.000(m)排水棱體寬度=3.000(m)棱體臨水坡率=1.000L=159.880(m)腖=18.429(m)浸潤(rùn)線計(jì)算公式原點(diǎn)=269.000(m)浸潤(rùn)線起點(diǎn)x坐標(biāo)=119.622(m)浸潤(rùn)線終點(diǎn)x坐標(biāo)=270.834(m)注：中間計(jì)算結(jié)果的含義參見(jiàn)規(guī)范E.2.3條。[最終計(jì)算結(jié)果]h0=4.338(m)單位寬度滲流量:=0.770(m3/d.m)浸潤(rùn)線計(jì)算結(jié)果:X(m)119.622134.744149.865164.986180.107195.228210.349225.470240.591255.712270.834Y(m)39.39637.37435.23732.96130.51627.85724.91621.57817.61812.4580.000計(jì)算項(xiàng)目:水位降落過(guò)程中不穩(wěn)定滲流問(wèn)題公式法3土堤頂部寬度b=9.000(m)土堤頂部高度h=46.000(m)上游坡坡率1:m1=3.000下游坡坡率1:m2=3.000堤身滲透系數(shù)k=0.150(m/d)上游水位h1=43.000(m)下游水位h2=0.000(m)水位下降速度=3.000（m/d）下降到的最低水位=38.000（m）堤身土的給水度=0.150[最終計(jì)算結(jié)果]水位下降所需時(shí)間=1.67(天)時(shí)間(天)浸潤(rùn)線最高點(diǎn)h0(t)+h0(m)上游坡出滲點(diǎn)高度he(t)(m)0.3342.76442.638X(m)Y(m)127.91342.638128.02242.650128.13142.663128.23942.676128.34842.689128.45742.701128.56542.714128.67442.726128.78342.739128.89142.752129.00042.764時(shí)間(天)浸潤(rùn)線最高點(diǎn)h0(t)+h0(m)上游坡出滲點(diǎn)高度he(t)(m)0.6742.52942.294X(m)Y(m)126.88242.294127.09342.317127.30542.341127.51742.365127.72942.388127.94142.412128.15342.435128.36442.459128.57642.482128.78842.505129.00042.529時(shí)間(天)浸潤(rùn)線最高點(diǎn)h0(t)+h0(m)上游坡出滲點(diǎn)高度he(t)(m)1.0042.293