高中英語北師大版必修一Part 3　Grammar (1)-不定式

Part3Grammar(1)——不定式1．It’simportanttomeetfriendsinpersonfromtimetotime，notjustonsocialmedia.2．Mymumkeepstellingmetogooutwithmyfriendsinstead.3．Itendtosetagoalforeverysubjectatthebeginningoftheterm.4．Myaimistodowellineverysubjectthisterm.5．Afterschool，ItrytouseanypossibletimetorevisethethingsIhavelearntduringtheday.6．Ihavesomanythingstodotoday.【自主發(fā)現(xiàn)】1．不定式是由“不定式符號to＋動詞原形”構(gòu)成的。2．可以在句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。一、不定式的句法功能不定式保留了動詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語或單獨使用。1．作主語不定式作主語時，句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：(1)不定式置于句首。Todothisistocutthefoottofittheshoe.這樣做是削足適履。(2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后。特別是不定式短語較長時，這樣可以避免句子的“頭重腳輕”。Itisimportanttomasteraknowledgeofcomputer.掌握電腦知識很重要。2．作表語不定式可放在系動詞后面作表語，通常說明或解釋主語的內(nèi)容，也可表示將來的動作。Mydreamistobecomeadancer.我的夢想是成為一名舞蹈家。(1)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Togetupearlyisagoodhabit.→Itisagoodhabittogetupearly．②Itisdifficulttospeakaforeignlanguagewell.→Tospeakaforeignlanguagewellisdifficult.(2)翻譯句子③她的工作是打掃這個大房間。Herjobistocleanthisbigroom.④記住足夠多的單詞是必要的。Itisnecessarytorememberenoughwords./Torememberenoughwordsisnecessary.3．作賓語(1)不定式作動詞的賓語。下列動詞后常接不定式作賓語：want想fail未能seem似乎choose選擇wish希望hope希望offer提供decide決定determine決心long渴望arrange安排ask要求refuse拒絕promise答應(yīng)manage設(shè)法pretend假裝expect期望afford承擔(dān)得起plan計劃agree同意prepare準(zhǔn)備Ihopetohaveanewtypeofcellphone.我希望有一部新款手機(jī)。Myfatherfinallyagreedtohelpus.我父親終于同意幫我們。(2)it代替不定式作形式賓語。Ithinkitverynecessarytoprotecttheanimals.我認(rèn)為保護(hù)動物非常有必要。(1)完成句子①Shefailedtopasstheexam.她未能通過考試。②WhenIenteredtheroom，hepretendednottoseeme.我走進(jìn)房間時，他假裝沒看見我。③Don’tforgettolockthedoor．別忘了鎖門。④IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglishwithyou．我發(fā)現(xiàn)和你一起學(xué)英語很有趣。(2)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換⑤Ifinditishardtoworkwithhim.→Ifindithardtoworkwithhim．4．作定語(1)不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，常表示未發(fā)生的動作。Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringthevacation.我想找點在假期里讀的東西。(2)如果不定式是不及物動詞或所修飾的名詞是地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。Hehasnopenciltowritewith.他沒有寫字用的鉛筆。(3)當(dāng)句子主語或說話人是動詞不定式中動作的發(fā)出者時，動詞不定式用主動式；當(dāng)句子主語或說話人不是動詞不定式中動作的發(fā)出者時，動詞不定式用被動式。Ihavetwoletterstowritetoday.今天我要寫兩封信。I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Doyouhavesomeletterstobeposted?我要去郵局，你有信要寄嗎？(4)由only，last，next，序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語。Hewasthelastonetoarrivehere.他是最后一個到達(dá)這里的人。(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Hefeelssorry，forhehasn’tanymoneytobuy(buy)hiswifeanewcoat.②Sir，doyouhavesomeclothestobewashed(wash)?③Thegirlisalwaysthefirstonetoget(get)toschooleveryday.(2)完成句子④Theoldmanislookingforaplacetolivein．這位老人正在找地方住。⑤Thisisthebestwaytohelphim．這是幫助他的最好方法。5.作狀語不定式作狀語多表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。表原因、結(jié)果時一般不置于句首。IhaveenjoyedmyvisittoChina.I’llbeverysorrytoleave.我在中國的訪問非常愉快，但遺憾的是我要走了。Toreduceairpollution，weshouldtakethepublictransportsratherthantheprivatecar.為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)該乘坐公共交通工具，而不是私家車。[名師指津]不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示令人意外的結(jié)果，有時在不定式前面加上only。Ihurriedtothepostoffice，onlytofinditclosed.我急忙趕到郵局，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)門了。完成句子①I’msorrytohearthatyourmotherisill．聽到你媽媽病了，我很難過。②Tocatchupwithothers，sheisworkinghard.為了趕上別人，她在努力學(xué)習(xí)。③Hehurriedtothestation，onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft．他匆忙趕到車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已開走了。6．作補(bǔ)足語(1)不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語。下列動詞后常接不定式作補(bǔ)足語：要求允許提議(ask，allow，permit，advise)；期望邀請鼓勵(expect，suppose，invite，encourage)；教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach，tell，want)；等待希望愿意(waitfor，wish，wouldlike/love)。(2)不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，在部分感官及使役動詞后，用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，常見的動詞有l(wèi)et，make，have，see，watch，notice，observe，lookat，listento，feel等。Theteacherhadusrecitethetexteveryday.老師讓我們每天背誦課文。Thebossmadehismenworkallthenight.老板讓他的工人整夜工作。[名師指津]把上面句子變成被動語態(tài)后，不定式成為句子的主語補(bǔ)足語，需帶to。Thebossmadehismenworkallthenight.→Hismenweremadetoworkallthenight.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Mymotheradvisedmetosee(see)afilm.②Theboywasmadetostudy(study)allday.③Hegetshissistertohelp(help)him.④Hisparentsdon’tallowhimtogo(go)outatnight.二、“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)疑問代詞(who，which，what等)和疑問副詞(how，when，where等)后可加動詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語。Idon’tknowwhattodonext.我不知道接下來該做什么。Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.如何阻止他們在這條河里游泳是個問題。完成句子①Hedoesn’tknowwhichonetochoose．他不知道該選哪一個。②Ihaven’tdecidedhowtogothere．我還沒決定怎樣去那里。③Themapcanshowyouwheretogo．這張地圖可以告訴你往哪走。三、不定式的否定式將否定詞not或never置于不定式之前，即構(gòu)成nottodo或nevertodo的形式。Thedoctoradvisedmenottosmoke.醫(yī)生勸我不要抽煙。Fatherwarnedmenevertodriveafterdrinking.父親警告我不要酒后開車。完成句子①Hestronglyadvisedmenot/nevertodoso．他強(qiáng)烈建議我別這樣做。②Pleasetellhimnot/nevertobelateforthemeeting.請告訴他開會不要遲到?！净A(chǔ)練】Ⅰ.根據(jù)英漢提示寫出單詞的適當(dāng)形式1．Youshouldrevise(復(fù)習(xí))yourlecturenotesonthetopicnow.2．There’sadigital(數(shù)碼的)watchonthetable.3．Theweatherinthatareawastoohotevenforthenatives(本地人)．4．Theysellaverywiderange(一系列)ofgardenproducts.5．Therearevarious(各種各樣的)waysofgettingtothestation.6．Iphonedyourofficetoconfirmthatthisdateisconvenient(方便的)．7．Advancesintechnologywould，aswashoped，improvethequality(質(zhì)量)oflife.8．Thebottomofherlongdressdragged(drag)inthedust.9．Mysisterwenttoavillageandshecouldtakepartinthevoluntary(volunteer)activitythere.10．“Practicemakesperfect，”astheoldsaying(say)goes.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Surfing(surf)theInternetisfun，butit’salsoatimewaster.2．Thetwocountriesareseparatedbyarangeofmountains.3．Inoureverydaylifeopinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.4．Insayingthis，I’mnotaimingatyou.5．Thesemachinesarekeptupdated(update)constantlybyimprovingthedesignofthecomputers.6．Hewasasweetmanbutwhenhedrankhetendedtoquarrel(quarrel)．7．Severalmembersvolunteeredforthework.8．Woulditbeconvenientforyoutoleavetomorrow?9．Thewinnerwillbethereinpersontocollecttheprize.10．Jayalwaystendedtokeep(keep)hisfriendsatadistanceinthosedays.Ⅲ.完成句子1．JackhasbeenphoningJaneeverynightforthelastweek.最近一周杰克天天晚上給簡打電話。2．It’sconvenientformetofindsomeinformationonline，anditmakesmylifemorecolourful.對我來說，在網(wǎng)上找到一些信息很方便，同時也使我的生活更多彩。3．Thewomanfoundthewindowbrokenwhencleaningthehouse.這位女士在打掃房間時，發(fā)現(xiàn)窗戶被打破了。4．PleaseremoveyourbagfromtheseatsothatIcansitdown．請把你的包從座位上拿走，以便于我能夠坐下。5．Asthesayinggoes，“Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.”常言道，“天助自助者”。6．Ihaveawiderangeofhobbies，suchasplayingfootballandlisteningtomusic.我愛好廣泛，比如踢足球和聽音樂。【提能練】Ⅰ.閱讀理解AHithere!MynameisAshaandI’mfromTanzania.Likemostteenagers，Istartmydayearlyandenditlate.Afterschool，Istudyatanightschooltopreparefortheuniversityentranceexam.WhenIhavetimeoff，Iprefertobeoutdoors.Ilovenatureandanimals.I’mquiteupsetabouthowwetreattheenvironment，soIdomybesttohelp.IvolunteertoplanttreesandI’mamemberofourschool’sNatureClub.Hi!I’mSamikaandI’m15.IwishIwereastudent，butI’mnot.IhadtoleaveschoolwhenIwas13sothatIcouldgetajobandhelpmyfamily.Iworkinagarmentfactory.It’sunbelievablyhardworkandthedaysaresolong.Althougheveryoneworkshard，westillfindtimetoplayandlaughtogether.Attimeslikethese，theworldfeelslikeawonderfulplace.Hi，F(xiàn)riederhere.I’m16andIgotoahighschoolinMunich.I’mnotcrazyaboutschool—listeningtoateacherisn’tmything—butIknowIhavetogetaneducation.It’sverydifficultforyoungpeopletofindajobinEurope，soIworryalotaboutthefuture.Oh，andI’magamingnerd.IloveInternetgamessomuchthatIhavestartedagamingclubinmyschool.MaybeI’llseeyouonline—myscreennameisFastFreddy.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。短文介紹了三名青少年的生活。1．Fromthepassage，whatcanwelearnaboutSamika?A．Shehasneverfelthappybecauseofherhardwork.B．Sheworksafterschooltosupportherfamily.C．Shedreamsofgoingtoschool.D．Sheworkslonginatoyfactory.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“IwishIwereastudent”可知，Samika夢想上學(xué)，故C項正確。]2．Fromthepassage，whichofthefollowingaboutAshaisNOTtrue?A．Hestudieshardtogetwelleducated.B．Hetrieshisbesttohelpprotecttheenvironment.C．HehasstartedtheNatureClubinhisschool.D．Hepreferstogooutdoorsandloveanimals.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，Asha加入了學(xué)校的自然俱樂部，而不是他成立的俱樂部，故C項符合題意。]3．WhyisFriederworriedaboutthefuture?A．Becausejobsarehardfortheyouthtofind.B．Becausehehasnomoneytopayforhiseducation.C．BecausehecannotfindajobontheInternet.D．Becausehedoesn’tlistentohisteachers.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句中“It’sverydifficultforyoungpeopletofindajobinEurope”可知，歐洲的年輕人找工作很難，這讓Frieder對將來憂心忡忡，故A項正確。]BDoyouworryaboutenteringseniorhighschool？Everything,fromstudytoenvironment,haschanged.Canyouadaptyourselftoit?You’renotalone.Rememberthateverybodyelseinyouryearisinthesameboat.Youmaynotnoticeit,butthey’rejustasnervousasyouare.Movingtoseniorhighschoolisachance,notaproblem.Thingsaredifferent，andallyouneedtodoistobepoliteandlearnthenewrules.Theteacherswillhelp.Ifyoudon’tknowwhattodoorareworriedaboutsomething,thenaskforhelp.Teachersareprobablythebestpeopletoturnto,becausetheyhaveexperienceinhelpingnewstudents.Payattentiontowhatyourteacherssay.Everythingchanges.Therearelotsofdifferencesbetweenjuniorhighschoolandseniorhighschool.Youwillhaveyourlessonswithdifferentteachersindifferentrooms.Youwillhavehomeworkfordifferentsubjectsondifferentdays,somakesureyougetorganized.Makesureyouknowwhichroomsyourclassesareinandwhichdaysyouhaveyourdifferentsubjectson.Otherpoints：Ifyou’vegotanolderbrotherorsisterattheschool,thenaskthemforadvice.Beyourself!Itsoundssimple,butthingswillbecomebetterifyoujustactnaturally.Havingearlynightsmakesadifference.You’llalsofinditeasiertogetupinthemorning!【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。同學(xué)們期盼的高中生活已經(jīng)開始了，興奮的同時，你也可能會遇到方方面面的問題。怎樣才能很好地去適應(yīng)高中生活呢？看看作者給大家的建議吧！4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofenteringseniorhighschool?A．Itsoundssimple.B．Itisadifficultproblem.C．It’sagoodchance.D．It’sworrying.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Movingtoseniorhighschoolisachance,notaproblem.”可知，作者認(rèn)為進(jìn)入高中是一個好的機(jī)會。]5．Whenyoudon’tknowwhattodo，youcan．A．turntoyourteachersB．followyouryoungerbrotherC．writeyourproblemsdownD．gotobedearly答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ifyoudon’tknow...inhelpingnewstudents.”可知，當(dāng)你不知道做什么或為某事?lián)鷳n時，你可以向你的老師尋求幫助，因為老師在幫助新生方面有經(jīng)驗。]6．Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoradviseyoutodo?A．Askyourclassmatesforhelp.B．Don’tbeshy.C．Payattentiontoothers.D．Justactnaturally.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Beyourself！Itsoundssimple,butthingswillbecomebetterifyoujustactnaturally.”可知，作者建議表現(xiàn)得自然一點。]7．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto．A．teachstudentshowtoorganizethemselvesB．tellstudentsastoryC．helpstudentsthataregoingtoseniorhighschoolD．tellstudentshowtomakefulluseoftime答案C[推理判斷題。這篇文章針對高中新生可能會面對的一些問題給出了一些建議。由此推斷出作者寫這篇文章的目的是幫助將要上高中的學(xué)生。]Ⅱ.完形填空MrsNeidlhadanunpleasantvoiceandadirectwayofspeaking,1shewasencouragingandinspiring.MrsNeidlwouldaskmeformy2．ShewantedtoknowhowIthoughtweshouldhandlethings.AtfirstIhadnoideahowtoanswerbecauseIknew3aboutstagedesign!ButIslowlybegantorespondtoher4．Itwascauseandeffect：shebelievedIhadopinions，soIbeganto5them.Shelovedhow6Iwas，soIbegantoshowuptopaintmoreandmore.MrsNeidl’s7thatyearwas，“Tryit.Wecanalwayspaintoverit8！”Ibegantotake9.Ihadbeensoafraidoffailingbutsuddenlytherewasnofailing—onlythingstobe10upon.Ilearnedtodipmybrushintothepaintand11createsomething.Iwas12intheprogrammebecauseofthetimeandefforts.I13astronginterestandaworldIhadn’tknownexisted.Shetaughtmenottobe14．MrsNeidlwasmycomforterwhenIwasupset.HertrustinmehasinspiredmetodothingsthatIneverimagined15．【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述了奈德爾夫人對作者的影響，她激勵著作者去做自己以前認(rèn)為不可能的事情。1．A.and B.yetC.soD.for答案B[根據(jù)空格前的“anunpleasantvoiceandadirectwayofspeaking”以及空格后的“encouragingandinspiring”可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，四個選項中，只有yet表轉(zhuǎn)折。]2．A.opinion B．impressionC．information D．intention答案A[根據(jù)空格后的“ShewantedtoknowhowIthought”可知，奈德爾夫人會問作者的觀點(opinion)。下文中的“shebelie