非謂語的前世今生導(dǎo)學(xué)案高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語的前世今生什么是非謂語在有謂語、沒連詞，沒從句的情況下，如果句子里出現(xiàn)了第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞，那就把他叫做非謂語。非謂語動(dòng)詞有哪些人物角色?非謂語的3種基本形式及其功能：todo表目的表將來____________________________doing表進(jìn)行表主動(dòng)____________________________3.done表被動(dòng)表完成____________________________01號(hào)人物：動(dòng)詞不定式（todo）

非謂語的扛把子，形式多用途多身份多，在句子里可充當(dāng)主、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)成分。不定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式02號(hào)人物：（ving）動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞一對長相完全相同，個(gè)性迥異的雙胞胎。

動(dòng)名詞在句中可充當(dāng)主、賓、表、定，同位語成分；現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作定、表、狀、補(bǔ)。Ving主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式完成式03號(hào)人物：過去分詞（vpp）為人低調(diào)，只有一種形式，與現(xiàn)在分詞是一對好基友；

在句中可充當(dāng)表、定、補(bǔ)、狀語，與現(xiàn)在分詞所作成分完全相同。考點(diǎn)一非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語一、不定式作狀語1．todo作目的狀語，可用soastodo/inordertodo替換表達(dá)，但soasto一般不可置于句首，意為“為了”。Wewillcontinueourcampaigntopreventandcontrolairpollution.2．todo作結(jié)果狀語，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：onlytodo__________________________________enoughtodo_________________________________too...todo..._________________________________so/such...astodo.._________________________________Heisoldenoughtodresshimself.3．todo作原因狀語，常用在“主語＋be/feel＋情感形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。不定式用以說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。這類詞有：happy,glad,sorry,anxious,angry,pleased,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等。Iamgladtoseeyou.二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語1.動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語時(shí)，表時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果等，表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行。Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,reflectingman'sintelligenceandcreativity.一座城市是人類的手與大腦的產(chǎn)物，反映了人類的智慧與創(chuàng)造性。Hisparentsdied，leavinghimanorphan.三、過去分詞作狀語1.過去分詞做狀語，表時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨等，與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且含有完成之意。Attractedbythetoy,shedidn’tnoticethecar.某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形容詞化，用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)的過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)一種狀態(tài)，如Be/getlost____________beseated____________belost/absorbedin____________bedressedin______________betiredof____________befacedwith____________belocated/situatedin____________beexposedto____________beinvolvedin___________bedevotedto____________。Absorbedinthebook，hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.四、獨(dú)立成分作狀語有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，是固定的形式，可以獨(dú)立存在，稱作獨(dú)立成分。它不是句子主語的動(dòng)作，而表示說話人的態(tài)度，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，作為習(xí)慣搭配來修飾整個(gè)句子。常考的有：generallyspeaking(tobegeneral)_________________________________honestly/roughly/strictlyspeaking_________________________________franklyspeaking/tobefrank_________________________________judgingfrom/by_________________________________oconsideration/account_________________________________considering/seeing/given..._________________________________totellthetruth/tobehonest_________________________________tomakethingsworse_________________________________考點(diǎn)二非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語一、不定式作定語1.不定式作定語放在所修飾詞之后作后置定語，表示將來的動(dòng)作。Ihavealotofworktodo.2.序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，thelast,theonly等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作后置定語。Hewasthefirsttoeandthelasttoleave.HeistheonlypersontobelieveinGod.被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語。常見名詞：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。ThisisachancetoimprovemyoralEnglish.Itisausefulwaytoeliminateplastic.二、分詞作定語1．現(xiàn)在分詞ving做定語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間為主動(dòng)（主謂）進(jìn)行關(guān)系：Thelecture，startingat7:00amlastnight，wasfollowedbyandisccussion.2．現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式beingdone做定語時(shí)，被修飾詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示正在進(jìn)行：Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.3.過去分詞做定語時(shí)，分詞與被修飾詞之間為動(dòng)賓（被動(dòng)）關(guān)系，表完成。Theuniversity，foundedin1911，ismyfavoriteuniversity.三、動(dòng)名詞ving作定語表示被修飾詞的某種用途，意義上相當(dāng)于名詞+for+doing，動(dòng)名詞做定語置于被修飾詞前。sleepingbag=bagforsleepingflyingmachine=machingforflying非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的解題思路：表示被動(dòng)、完成用__________________；表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用__________________；表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用________________；表示主動(dòng)、尚未進(jìn)行用________________；表示被動(dòng)、尚未進(jìn)行用_________________。試比較：①Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②Thebridgebuiltin2017wasdesignedbyalocalpany.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalpany.④Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwasdesignedbyalocalpany.考點(diǎn)三非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)一．非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)1.常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語)：advise,allow,ask,beg請求,cause導(dǎo)致,encourage,expect期望,forbid禁止,force,intend打算,invite,order,persuade,prefer寧愿,require,remind提醒,tell,want,warn,wish,callon號(hào)召,depend/relyon依靠，teach，help等。Weshouldcallonpeopletoprotectourenvironment.2.感官動(dòng)詞（see，watch，observe，notice，lookat，hear，listento，feel）后的賓補(bǔ)可以是省略to的不定式do，doing，done。do表示主動(dòng)和完成（被動(dòng)句中要還原to）doing表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行done表示被動(dòng)和完成Isawhimentertheroom.Hewasseentoentertheroombyme.Isawhimplayingbasketball.Isawhimkilledbyatiger.3.let/make/havesbdosth讓某人做某事Letusgoshopping.4.getsbtodosth________________________get/havesbdoing________________________get/havesthdone________________________5.leave/keepsb/sthdoingsth讓一直...6.findsb/sthdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人一直在做某事findsb/sthdone發(fā)現(xiàn)...被7.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)考點(diǎn)四非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：decide/determine決定,learn學(xué)習(xí),want,expect/hope/wish希望，refuse拒絕,manage設(shè)法做成，care在乎,pretend假裝,offer主動(dòng)提出,promise承諾,choose選擇,plan計(jì)劃；agree同意,ask/beg請求,help幫助，wait等待等Idecidetobeafirefighter.如果做賓語的不定式有賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語不定式后置。Ifinditimpossibletochangehermind.3．只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞及短語：consider考慮,suggest/advise建議,lookforwardto期望,excuse/pardon原諒；admit承認(rèn),fancy想要，avoid避免,miss錯(cuò)過，deny否認(rèn),finish完成,enjoy喜歡，appreciate感謝，forbid禁止，avoid避免,imagine想象,risk冒險(xiǎn)；mind介意,allow/permit允許,escape逃避be/getusedto(習(xí)慣于),feellike(想要),insiston(堅(jiān)持),getdownto(開始認(rèn)真做某事),devote...to...(致力于……),objectto(反對),stickto(堅(jiān)持),giveup(放棄)，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth，havefun(in)doingsth.，can’thelpdoing忍不住等。4.接不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義不同的動(dòng)詞：(1)trytodo盡力；trydoing試著去做(2)meantodo打算做；meandoing意味著(3)regrettodo遺憾要去做；regretdoing后悔做過(4)remembertodo記得去做；rememberdoing記得做過(5)forgettodo忘記去做；forgetdoing忘記做了(6)stoptodo停下來做另一件事；stopdoing停止正在做的事(7)goon/continuetodo繼續(xù)做另一件事；goon/continuedoing繼續(xù)做同一件事5.“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”可以作動(dòng)詞后的賓語。Iwanttoknowhowtoimprovemywriting.6.當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞位于but,except（除了）后時(shí)，習(xí)慣上要用不定式。并且，當(dāng)except/but前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do及相關(guān)形式時(shí)，則不定式要省略to；若其前沒有動(dòng)詞do，則不定式通常帶to。（前有do后無to，前無do后有to）◆Wehadnochoicebuttowait.◆Icoulddonothingexcept/butagree.7.動(dòng)詞want,need,require作“需要”講時(shí)還有，其后要用doing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)式tobedone做賓語。Theputerneedsrepairing/toberepaired.考點(diǎn)五非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語1．不定式作主語時(shí)，一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。1)It+be+adj+for/ofsbtodosth2)It+be+名詞+forsbtodosth3)It+took/takessb+sometime+todosth2.動(dòng)名詞作主語（1）.動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。也可用it作形式主語，將真正的主語動(dòng)名詞后置。Smokingisbadforyourhealth.It’snouseplainingwithouttakingaction.（2）.常用于動(dòng)名詞作主語的句型：1)It’sawasteoftime/money/energydoing...________________________2)It’snouse/gooddoing...________________________3)Itisuselessdoing...________________________4）It’soflittleuse/gooddoing...________________________5)Itisworthdoing….________________________6）itisfundoing...________________________3.不定式作表語(1)表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；(2)當(dāng)主語是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作表語；(3)主語為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，表語多用不定式。不定式作表語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的形式，作表語的不定式常省略to。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis（to）improvemyEnglish.4.動(dòng)名詞作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，用于解釋主語的內(nèi)容，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q位置。Teachingismyjob.Myjobisteaching.5.形容詞化的動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式也可以做表語。動(dòng)詞-ing形式意為“令人……的”；動(dòng)詞-ed形式意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look、expression、tears、smile、voice等名詞。真題鏈接非謂語動(dòng)詞高考真題1.(2023年高考英語真題全國甲卷)

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,.（observe）hownaturesolvedproblems.2.(2023年高考英語真題全國甲卷)Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafter（flow）throughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.3.(2023年高考英語真題全國甲卷)Hewas（amaze）attheresults.

4.(2023年高考英語真題全國甲卷)Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,（start）withanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,before.（move）ontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.5.(2023年高考英語真題全國甲卷)Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthrough（carry）outyourowndigitalclutter.6.(2023年高考英語真題全國甲卷)Thekey（find）ofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,7.(2023年高考英語真題全國乙卷)yearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwoman（receive）amedicaldegree.

8.(2023年高考英語真題全國乙卷)

Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesdueto（be）onthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.9.(2023年高考英語真題全國乙卷)OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,（climb）thepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.

10.(2023年高考英語真題全國乙卷)Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasy（grow）indoors.11.(2023年高考英語真題全國乙卷)it’sagreatway（boost）selfconfidenceatanytime.12.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Withover2,500bikes________(store)inourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.13.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Thegoalofthisbookis（make）thecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasks.14.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)andwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhow（adopt）thisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.15.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷).Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,（start）withanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,before（move）ontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminima16.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)（Write）wassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedme（present）mypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,whereIplayedalltheparts.

17.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)So,whydidhesuddenlyforceme（do）somethingatwhichIwassuretofail?18.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Notabrilliantidea,butfunny,andunlikely（be）anyoneelse’schoice.19..(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Turningsoil,（pull）weeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.

20..(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Theprogramaims（help）studentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.21.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasy（find）andfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.22.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Besides,（work）inthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.

23.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Weseescenesofchildren（learn）toreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.24.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)（Continue）developmentsinmunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.25.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeople（live）inurbanareasisbeinghardertofind.

26.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Isuggest（use）asketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.27.

(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Continuallychallengeyourself（try）somethingnew.28.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Writingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedme（present）mypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicby（act）outaplay,whereIplayedalltheparts.

29.(2023年高考英語真題全國新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Iaskedmyoldersister（correct）mygrammar.

30.(2022年高考英語真題全國甲卷)In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,（describe）herlifeasaphysician.31.(2022年高考英語真題全國甲卷)Barryretiredin1859,（have）practicedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.32.(2022年高考英語真題新高考全國Ⅰ卷)

Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,（round）outaroastchickendinner.33.(2022年高考英語真題新高考全國Ⅰ卷)（Produce）foodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.34.(2022年高考英語真題新高考全國Ⅰ卷)

MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it’smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberries（near）theirlastdays.

35.(2022年高考英語真題新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthem（feel）lonely.

36.(2022年高考英語真題新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenin（see）thehensandresidentseandsitoutsidetowatchthem.

37.(2022年高考英語真題全國乙卷)

（Help）thenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

38.(2022年高考英語真題全國乙卷)

（Select）fromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.39.(2022年高考英語真題全國乙卷)（perform）thesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.40.(2022年高考英語真題全國乙卷)SinceAprildrinkspanieshavebeenforced（pay）between18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,（depend）onthesugarcontent.

語法填空Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout

______1_____

(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeople____2________（wait）atthebusstop,andsomeofthem

_3___(look)veryanxiousand

disappointed.Whenthebusfinally___4_____(e),weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenexttothewindow,soI_____5____(have)agoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike

6_______(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindme______7_____（shout）tothedriver,butherefused

8

___(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept

____9_______

(ride).Finally,withhiskindness______10_______(accept),hewasveryhappy.語法填空——非謂語動(dòng)詞Butyoumaybesurprised___________(learn)thattheyarenotshowingtheir“truecolors”atall.AnexhibitionwhichopenedonAugust30inXi’andisplays121coloredterracottarelics,____________(date)backfromtheQinDynastytotheYuanDynasty.Birdwatching,ahobby____________(favor)bymanywesterners,hasbeenincludedinapublicbenefitprogram“ParkClasses”inWuhanschools.Inthepastsixyears,theprogramhascarriedoutover3000activitiesinWuhan’sthirtyurbanparks,________________(cover)allofthecity’sprimaryschoolsandweledbyoveronemillionstudents.Theresearchteamsaydrinkingenoughwaterishelpfultopeople____________(affect)byillnessesrelatedtoages.SocialpsychologistElizabethDunn’sresearchhasshownthatgivingtocharityhasthesameimpactonhappinessas___________(earn)twiceasmuchine.“Allofusarecapableoffindingjoyingiving,”Dunnsaid.“Butweshouldn’texpectthis___________(happen)automatically.”Theyboughtitems__________(list)ontheSPCA’swishlistandfilledupninecartswithkittylitter,birdfood,papertowels,dogtoys,etc.Theparentswereoutside___________(load)theitemsintothecar.Inrecentyears,____________(treasure)asauniqueandbeautifulpartofChineseheritage,thetigerheadshoeshavebeeafashion____________(receive)widepreferenceofmanyWesterners.Inthevastmajorityofitsregions,therightleftrightordertends___________(favor).It’sinterestingthattheystillhaven’toveretheleftorrightquestion,_____________(leave)thechoiceuptothecountry’sindividualregion.Thewidely____________(adopt)kissingtechniquedoesn’t,unfortunately,ewithaninstructionmanual(說明書),sosomepeoplearestillnotsureofthecorrectorder.Ontheonehand,forsafety,setupfencesonbothsidesofthehighwaytopreventanimalsfrom____________(strike).______________(concern)aboutthisproblem,transportationplannerscameupwithatwofoldsolution.It’san_____________(inspire)areaofquietthoughtwithdelicioustea_________(serve)intheprettyteahouseaswellaspublictoursofthegrounds_________(lead)byexpertgardeners.LanSuChineseGardenisamustvisitdestinationinPortland,Oregon,offeringvisitorsachance____________(experience)thebeautyoftraditionalChinesegardens.______________(establish)bytheChinesegovernment,theICIFwassetupin2004.Chinapletedbuildingitslongestdeepwaterpipeline(輸送管道）fortransportingoilandgas,______________(mark)breakthroughsinChina’sconstructionabilityanddeepwaterequipmenttechnology.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopment,wecanexpectmoresuccessfulengineeringprojects_____________________(plete).However,attemptinghumorinanysituationcanberiskyandmayendup____________(cause)tension.Soitisimportanttousehumorinaprofessionalmanner_____________(ensure)thatitisnotharmfultoothers.Theattractionsincludeavarietyofhomes___________(build)insidehollowredwoods,includingtheWorldFamousTressHouseandtheOneLogHouse.Standinginside,youcanseethelightninghassurelycausedsomepartsofthetree_______________________(destroy)seriouslyandfeelitsstrongvitality(生命力).Thenameand