英語(yǔ)閱讀理解參考

ChristianEijkman,aDutchdoctor,lefttheNetherlandsfortheisland

ofJava.Manypeopleontheislandhadadiseasecalledberi?^beri.He

wasgoingtheretotryandfindacure.

Atfirst,Eijkmanthoughtsomekindofgerm（細(xì)菌）causedberi?Wberi.

Heraisedsomechickens.Hedidn,teatthem,butmadeexperimentsonthem.

Thelocalpeoplewerequitesurprisedatthat.Onedayhenoticedthat

hischickensbecamesickwhentheywerefedthefoodmostJavaneseate

—refinedwhiterice（精煉米）.Whenhefedthemwithunrefinedrice,also

knownasbrownrice,theyrecovered.Eijkmanrealizedthathehadmade

animportantdiscovery-thatsomethingsinfoodcouldpreventdisease.

Thesethingswerenamedvitamins（維生素）.TheJavanesewerenotgetting

enoughvitaminsbecausetheyhadactuallyremovedthepartthatcontains

vitamins.Later,otherdiseaseswerealsofoundtobecausedbythelack

ofvitaminsinaperson?sfood.

Todaymanypeopleknowtheimportanceofvitaminsandtheymakesurethey

haveenoughvitaminsfromthefoodtheyeat.Iftheydon,t,theycanalso

takevitaminpills.

61.Theunderlinedword“cure"inParagragh1probablymeans.

A.amedicaltreatmentB.akindofvitamin

C.akindofgermD.akindofrice

62.ChristianEijkmanwenttotheislandofJavato.

A.spendhisholiday

B.findwaystogrowbettercrops

C.dosomeresearchabouttheisland

D.helptheJavanesewiththeirillness

63.WhydidChristianEijkmanraisesomechickens?

A.Toeatthem.

B.Tocarryouthisexperiments.

C.TogivetheJavaneseasurprise.

D.Tomakemoneybysellingthem.

64.Ifapersondoesn,tgetenoughvitaminsinhisdiet,he'dbetter

A.eatmorericeB.eatmoremeat

C.eatsomechickenD.eatvitaminpills

65.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.beri??beriwascausedbychickens

B.theJavanesedidn,tlikevitamins

C.ChristianEijkman'sexperimentwassuccessful

D.theJavanese?sdiseasewascausedbyakindofgerm

C★★

Americaisamobilesociety.FriendshipsbetweenAmericanscanbeclose

andreal,yetdisappearsoonifsituationschange.Neithersidefeelshurt

bythis.BothmayexchangeChristmasgreetingsforayearortwo,perhaps

afewlettersforawhi1e一thennomore.Ifthesametwopeoplemeet

againbychance,evenyearslater,theypickupthefriendship.Thiscan

bequitedifficultforusChinesetounderstand,becausefriendships

betweenusflowermoreslowlybutthenmaybecomelifelongfeelings,

extending（延伸）sometimesdeeplyintobothfamilies.

Americansarereadytoreceiveusforeignersattheirhomes,sharetheir

holidays,andtheirhomelife.Theywillenjoywelcomingusandbepleased

ifweaccepttheirhospitality（好客）easily.

AnotherdifficultpointforusChinesetounderstandAmericansisthat

althoughtheyincludeuswarmlyintheirpersonaleverydaylives,they

don'tshowtheirpolitenesstousifitrequiresagreatdealoftime.

Thisisusuallytheoppositeofthepracticeinourcountrywherewemay

begenerouswithourtime.Sometimes,we,ashosts,willappearatairports

eveninthemiddleofthenighttomeetafriend.Wemaytakedaysoff

toactasguidestoourforeignfriends.TheAmericans,however,express

theirwelcomeusuallyathomes,buttrulycannotmanagethetimetodo

agreatdealwithavisitoroutsidetheirdailyroutine.Theywillprobably

expectustogetourselvesfromtheairporttoourownhotelbybus.And

theyexpectthatwewillphonethemfromthere.Oncewearriveattheir

homes,thewelcomewillbefull,warmandreal.Wewillfindourselves

treatedhospitably.

FortheAmericans,itisoftenconsideredmorefriendlytoinviteafriend

totheirhomesthantogotorestaurants,exceptforpurelybusiness

matters.Soaccepttheirhospitalityathome!

66.Thewriterofthispassagemustbe.

A.anAmericanB.aChinese

C.aprofessorD.astudent

67.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.FriendshipsbetweenAmericansusuallyextenddeeplyintotheir

families.

B.FriendshipsbetweenAmericansusuallylastforalltheirlives.

C.Americansalwaysshowtheirwarmtheveniftheyareverybusy.

D.Americanswillcontinuetheirfriendshipsagainevenafteralong

break.

68.FromthelasttwoparagraphswecanlearnthatwhenwearriveinAmerica

tovisitanAmericanfriend,wewillprobablybe______.

A.warmlywelcomedattheairport

B.offeredaridetohishome

C.treatedhospitablyathishome

D.treatedtodinnerinarestaurant

69.Theunderlinedwordsugenerouswithourtime”inParagraph3

probablymean.

A.strictwithtimeB.seriouswithtime

C.carefulwithtimeD.willingtospendtime

70.Asuitabletitleforthispassagewouldprobablybe

A.FriendshipsbetweenChinese

B.FriendshipsbetweenAmericans

C.AmericansJhospitality

D.Americans'andChinese'sviewsoffriendships

D★★★

TheotherdayIheardafewlocalmusicianstalking:

“Ihatealltheterriblepianosinthistown.Ihatethatrubbishthey

playontheradio.Theycan,tevenunderstandabitofmusic.”

'Tmneverplayinginthatclubagain.Toomanydrunksandnobody

listenstous.”

But,oneyoungermusiciansaid,uThereareafewclubsthatbookmyband

afewnightsamonth,andI'mtryingtofindotherplacestoplay.I'm

alsolookingtobookafewsummerfestivalsthisyear.”

I'veheardthatyouaretheaverageofthefivepeoplewhomyouspend

themosttimewith,ortoputitanotherway,youarewhoyourfriends

are.

Attitudesareimportant.Whetherthey,repositiveornegative,they're

rubbingoffonyou.Ifyou'rearoundpeoplewhocomplainaboutlackof

workandaboutothermusicians,orblame（責(zé)怪）others,andyouplaythe

roleofvictim（受害者），chancesareyouwillstarttoaswell.Soit's

timetotakealookatthepeopleyoucall“friends”.

Thisisaneasyexercise:Makealistofthepeoplewhoyouhangoutwith,

andsimplystopspendingtimewiththenegativepeopleonyourlist.Set

anewstandard（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）foryourselfanddon'tbecomefriendswithpeople

whofallbelowthatstandard.

Keepsuccessfulpeoplearoundyouandyourownchancesforsuccesswill

bemuchbetter.Askthemhowtheydoit.Askiftheywillhelpyouget

theworkyou'relookingfor,ormaybegiveyousomeadvicetohelpyou

onyourcareerpath.

71.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed

B.Howtomakefriendshiplastforever

C.Youarewhoyourfriendsare

D.Friendsarethemostimportantinonessuccess

72.Theunderlinedsentence"they'rerubbingoffonyou”inParagraph

6means

A.they'11pushyouahead

B.they’11influenceyou

C.they’11coveryourshortcomings

D.they’11helpyouachieveyourgoal

73.Themusicians'wordsatthebeginningarewrittenmainlytoshow

A.themusicians,livingconditionsarequitepoor

B.peoplehavepoortasteinmusic

C.peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsthesamething

D.youngpeoplehavegreaterchancesofsucceeding

74.BytakingtheexercisementionedinParagraph7,youcan.

A.improvealotinmakingmorefriends

B.cometotherightwayofmakingfriends

C.developabetterrelationshipwithyourfriends

D.arrangethetimewithyourfriendsproperly

75.Thepassageismainlywrittenfor______.

A.musicians

B.managers

C.negativepeople

D.peoplewantingtosucceed

答案56-60BBACB

61-65ADBDC66-70BDCDD71-75CBCBD

第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A★

NormPethrick,a36-year-oldmaninAustralia1snortherncityDarwin,

waspraisedonThursdayforjumpingontoacrocodile'sbacktosavehis

wifeWendyatLitchfieldNationalPark,apopulartouristspotsouthwest

ofDarwin,alocalnewspaperreported.

MsPethrickwasstandingonariverbankWednesdayafternoonwhenthe

saltwatercrocodilelunged（撲），lockingitsjawsonbothherlegsasit

triedtodragherunderwater.

NormPethrick,whowithhiswifehadbeencollectingwater,immediately

wenttohelpher.Hejumpedontotheback,poked（戳）theeyesofthe

crocodileandfinallygothiswifefree.

MsPethrickwaslatertakentoRoyalDarwinHospitalforamedical

treatment.Thedoctorssaidshewassufferingeightpuncturewounds（傷

口）inherrightleg,apuncturewoundinherleftlegandaseriouscut

tooneofherfingers.

“Thiscouldhavebeenafatalandtragicsituation,vsaidthegeneral

managerofRoyalDarwinHospital（RDH）,DrLenNotaras,accordingtoa

localreport.

HesaidMsPethrickwassavedbyherhusband's"quickanddiligent

actions”.

DrNotarasalsosaidshewouldremaininhospitalforthreetofourdays

andhaveanoperationtocleanthewounds,whichareeasytogetinfected

becauseofbacteria（細(xì)菌）ontheteethofthecrocodile.

56.Thispassageismostlikelytobefoundin_____.

A.atravelguideB.anewspaper

C.atextbookD.anovel

57.ThecrocodileattackedMsPethrickwhenshewas.

A.swimmingintheriver

B.standingontheriverbank

C.watchingthecrocodile

D.fishinginthewater

58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutMsPethrick?

A.Hereyeswerebadlypoked.

B.Shehadeightwoundsaltogether.

C.Oneofherfingersalsogothurt.

D.Oneofthecrocodile?steethwasfoundinherleg.

59.Accordingtothepassage,NormPethrickcanbedescribedasfollowing

EXCEPT______.

A.braveB.diligent

C.quickD.humorous

60.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Thehusbandshouldsavethewife

B.Amansaveswife'slifefromcrocodile'sjaws

C.Acrocodileisnotsodangerousaspeopleimagine

D.Humanbeingscanbeatcrocodilessometimes

B★★

Therearemanywaystofindajob.Itcanbeaseasyaswalkingintoa

neighborhoodstoretolookatitsannouncementboard.Localstoresoften

haveareaswherepeoplecanputsmallsignstellingwhatkindofservice

theyneedorcanprovide.Suchservicesincludecaringforchildrenor

cleaninghouses.

Or,jobsearcherscanlookinthenewspaper.Localnewspapershave

employmentannouncementsplacedbycompaniesseekingworkers.

AnotherpopulartoolforfindingjobsistheInternet.Forexample,

peopleinfourhundredandfiftycitiesaroundtheworldcanusethe

CraigslistWebsitetobuyobjects,meetpeopleorfindajob.Craigslist

saysthatitreceivestwomillionnewjoblistingseachmonth.

Anotherusefulwaytofindajobisthroughacollegeoruniversity.For

example,studentsattheUniversityofTexasinAustincangototheCareer

ExplorationCentertogethelpinfindingajob.Ofcourse,lookingfor

ajobrequiresknowingwhatkindofworkyouwanttodo.Forexample,there

isabookcalled“WhatColorisYourParachute（降落傘）？”byRichard

Bolles.Thisbookhasbeenhelpingpeoplechooseacareer（職業(yè)）since

itwasfirstpublishedinnineteenseventy.

Someexpertsalsohelppeoplefindjobs.SusanW.Millerownsacompany

calledCaliforniaCareerServicesinLosAngeles.Shesayshercompany

helpspeoplefindjobsbyfirsthelpingthemunderstandtheirstrengths,

goalsandinterests.Thensheprovidesthemwithmethodsandresources

tohelpthemfindtherightjob.

61.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Findingajob.

B.Collegestudents'part-timejobs.

C.CraigslistWebsite.

D.Therelationbetweenstudyandwork.

62.ByloggingontheCraigslistWebsite,youcan.

A.sellyouroldthings

B.dosomeshoppingonline

C.createyourownannouncementboard

D.getusefulinformationabout450cities

63.WhatColorisYourParachute?”isabookwhichgivestipstothose

whowantto.

A.workontheairplaneB.buyaparachute

C.publishabookD.findasuitablejob

64.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.

A.companiesoftenputjobinformationinlocalshops

B.theInternetisthemostpopulartoolforjobhuntersintheUSA

C.SusanW.Miller'scompanyishelpingpeoplechoosecareers

D.CaliforniaCareerServicesmainlyservesuniversitystudents

65.Howmanywaysoffindingajobarementionedinthepassage?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.

C★★

TeachingmaterialsforlearningChineseareprovidedhere.Thereare

siteswhereyoumayfindinterestinginstructionssuitableforyou.Here

aresomesitestobeginyoursurfing.

Youmaystartwiththesepagesfromthiswebsite-justtogetalittle

tasteofitwithoutworkingtoohard.

?AIsForLove

FlashcardsforlearningafewChinesewords

?ListeningtothesoundofChinese

PlayafewwordsofChineseonyourcomputer.

?AfewChinesewords

Eachwordisenlargedforeasystudy.

IfyouarestudyingChinese,thesetoolscanhelp.

?Zhongwensite

Morethanadictionary!

?ClavisSinica

ExcellentprogrambyProfessorDavidPorter.Itdisplaysawholedocument

inChinese[GB]or[BIG5],andgivesindividualword'sdefinition,

pronunciationaswellasmuchmoreinformationwhenyouclickonthatword.

IfyouarestudyingChinese,thisisaveryusefultool.

?ChineseCharacterVisualDictionary

Ifyouliketoknowmore,gotothefollowingsitesontheInternet.

?TheChineseOutpost

Pronunciation,CharacterandGrammerByMarkAndrewBaker.Thebest.A

must-visitsite.

?LearnCantonese/MandarinOnline

?InternetBasedChineseTeachingandLearning

?RainlandKidsdiscoverChinese一SiteisinGermany

IfyouwanttohaveabetterunderstandingofChina,gotothisone.

?WanfangData

Asanaffiliate（分支）ofChineseMinistryofScience&&Technology,

WanfangDatahasbeentheleadinginformationproviderinChinasince

1950s.Withawiderangeofdatabaseresourcesandvalue-addedservices,

WanfangDatahasbecomeagatewaytounderstandingChineseculture,

medicine,business,science,etc.

66.Theunderlinedlinesareprobablysome.

A.booksB.websites

C.tipsforlearningChinese

D.dictionariesforlearningChinese

67.Thispassageismostprobablyfrom.

A.aTVprogrammeB.ateacher*slecture

C.anewspaperD.theInternet

68.IfyouwanttoknoweachChinesecharacterJsdefinition,

pronunciationandmuchmoreinformation,you,dbettersurf______.

A.ZhongwensiteB.AIsForLove

C.ClavisSinicaD.AfewChinesewords

69.IfyouwanttoknowChinaaboutitsculture,medicine,business,

science,you'dbettersurf.

A.LearnMandarinonline

B.WanfangData

C.RainlandkidsdiscoverChinese

D.TheChineseOutpost

70.Theunderlinedword“gateway”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefers

to.

A.anopeninginawallthatcanbeclosedbyagate

B.aplacethroughwhichyoucangotoanotherplace

C.thespacewhenadoorisopen

D.ameansofgettingorachievingsomething

D★★★

Englishisthemostwidelyusedlanguageinthehistoryofourplanet.

Oneineverysevenhumanbeingscanspeakit.Morethanhalfoftheworld?s

booksandthreequartersofinternationalmailareinEnglish.Ofall

languages,Englishhasthelargestvocabulary-perhapsasmanyastwo

millionwords.

However,letJsfaceit:Englishisacrazylanguage.Thereisno

egginaneggplant,neitherpinenorappleinapineappleandnohamin

ahamburger.Sweet-meatsarecandy,whilesweetbreads,whicharen,t

sweet,aremeat.

WetakeEnglishforgranted.Butwhenweexploreitsparadoxes（探

討它的矛盾），wefindthatquicksandcanworkslowly,boxingringsare

square,publicbathroomshavenobathsinthem.

Andwhyisitthatawriterwrites,butfingersdon'tfing,grocers

don'tgroce,andhammersdon'tham?Ifthepluraloftoothisteeth,

shouldn,tthepluralofboothbebeeth?Onegoose,twogeese一soone

moose,twomeese?

Howcanaslimchanceandafatchancebethesame,whileawise

manandawiseguyareopposites?Howcanoverlookandoverseebeopposites,

whilequitealotandquiteafewarealike?Howcantheweatherbehot

ashellonedayandcoldashellthenext?

Englishwasinventedbypeople,notcomputers,anditreflects（反

映）thecreativityofhumanbeings.That'swhy,whenstarsareout,they

arevisible（能看見(jiàn)的）；butwhenthelightsareout,theyareinvisible.

Andwhy,whenIwindupmywatch,Istartit;butwhenIwindupthisessay,

Iendit.

71.Accordingtothepassage.

A.sweet-meatsandsweetbreadsaredifferentthings

B.thereshouldbeegginaneggplant

C.pineapplesaretheapplesonthepinetree

D.boxingringsshouldberound

72.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectplural?

A.Beeth.B.Geese.C.Meese.D.Tooth.

73.Whichofthefollowingincludestwoitemswhichhavethesimilar

meaning?

A.Awisemanandawiseguy.

B.Overlookandoversee.

C.Quitealotandquiteafew.

D.Hotashellandcoldashell.

74.Theunderlinedwords“windup”inthelastparagraphprobablymean

a，，

A.blowB.rollupC.gethurtD.finish

75.ThroughthemanyparadoxesintheEnglishlanguage,thewriterwants

toshowthathumanbeingsare.

A.cleverB.crazyC.lazyD.dull

56-60BBCDB61-65ABDCC66-70BDCBD71-75ABCDA

1.從近年英語(yǔ)高考閱讀試題看英語(yǔ)高考走向。試題在結(jié)構(gòu)上雖然沒(méi)有變化，但近幾年

的試題在穩(wěn)定中有發(fā)展，尤其表現(xiàn)在對(duì)閱讀的要求上。1999年、2000年、2001年高考試

題逐步加強(qiáng)了對(duì)閱讀速度的要求。2001年閱讀理解題由5篇短文組成，這一點(diǎn)與前兩年相

同。但是由于聽(tīng)力題占了很多時(shí)間，閱讀理解題的答題時(shí)間縮短，要求閱讀速度更快。1997

年文章總字?jǐn)?shù)為1723字，讀速為每分鐘34.5字,2001年總字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到2335字，讀速達(dá)到

每分鐘66.71字?？偟目磥?lái)，近幾年的高考試題確實(shí)體現(xiàn)了《考試說(shuō)明》對(duì)命題的要

求，努力試圖在試卷上把考查的重點(diǎn)放在考查學(xué)生分析問(wèn)題的方法和解決問(wèn)題的能力上，而

不是單純地考查學(xué)生的記憶;把考查的重點(diǎn)放在對(duì)篇章的理解上，而不是簡(jiǎn)單的死記硬背。英

語(yǔ)考試加強(qiáng)對(duì)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的測(cè)試，尤其是綜合性試題在試卷上所占的比重越來(lái)越大，單純

考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的題所占的比重越來(lái)越小。但是這并不意味著我們可以不重視語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的學(xué)

習(xí)，因?yàn)樵诳疾檎Z(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的過(guò)程中同時(shí)就考查了語(yǔ)言知識(shí)。因此，在復(fù)習(xí)備考的過(guò)程中絕對(duì)

不應(yīng)該放松對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)。相反，只有在掌握了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的情況下才能正確理解

所讀到的信息。2.閱讀理解考什么和怎么考從以上統(tǒng)計(jì)中我們看出，高考對(duì)考生

在獲取信息和處理信息的速度上是有要求的，而且這一要求在逐年提高。從目前的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字

看，高考閱讀量還有提高的余地。最新的高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)合格高中畢業(yè)生閱讀外語(yǔ)速度的要

求是每分鐘70-80個(gè)詞。其次，閱讀理解文章的題材和體裁也更加多樣化，更貼近生

活。每份試題中至少有十幾個(gè)單詞標(biāo)中文注釋?zhuān)酥?，還有一些課本里沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞

需要學(xué)生從文章的上下文中去猜詞義。另外，近兒年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解試題中增加了“搜

尋信息”的考查內(nèi)容。例如，1996年試題E閱讀給出了3個(gè)賽事的通知，其后的第70小

題就是這方面的考查內(nèi)容:IfyouwanttofindsomethingtodoforSaturdayafternoon,which

telephonenumberwillyoucall?總的來(lái)說(shuō)，高考英語(yǔ)篇章閱讀理解試題對(duì)考生提出了如

下的能力要求：1.豐富的英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)知識(shí)和鞏固、扎實(shí)、熟練的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。2.

綜合運(yùn)用各項(xiàng)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和閱讀技巧，進(jìn)行快速閱讀、獲取信息的能力。3.正確的閱

讀方法、科學(xué)的閱讀技巧及合理的閱讀速度達(dá)到大綱規(guī)定的要求70-80wpm。4.正

確分析認(rèn)識(shí)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理解各段落、各層次之間的邏輯關(guān)系和表達(dá)的方法。5.良好的學(xué)

習(xí)品質(zhì)，敏捷的思維活動(dòng)，正確的思考習(xí)慣。要求學(xué)生善于捕捉信息，理解深刻，推導(dǎo)合理，

判斷準(zhǔn)確。6.豐富的閱歷，廣博的知識(shí)，多樣的背景知識(shí)。閱讀理解的能力要求，

主要是通過(guò)短文后的多項(xiàng)選擇試題進(jìn)行檢測(cè)的?？傮w來(lái)說(shuō)，其能力要求內(nèi)容主要包括如下幾

個(gè)方面:a理解作者的思想、觀點(diǎn)，意圖;b理解主題思想，進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括;c理解文章中所提

供的細(xì)節(jié)，其中包括詞義、句義和段落大意。d透過(guò)表面文字，挖掘和理解文章的深層次含

義。通過(guò)分析對(duì)比，總結(jié)歸納，推理判斷等諸項(xiàng)思維活動(dòng)，推導(dǎo)隱含的寓意。從歷年的高考

試題來(lái)看這種能力要求反映在多項(xiàng)選擇題中，可分為:1認(rèn)定事實(shí)，理解主題;2理解文章中

所提供的細(xì)節(jié)，綜合概括并推導(dǎo)結(jié)論;3推理判斷，聯(lián)想猜測(cè)，辨別語(yǔ)氣;4理解人物性格，

識(shí)別圖形等。如果把這些試題的考查內(nèi)容概括起來(lái);基本上分為4類(lèi)試題：①猜測(cè)詞義試題:

②理解認(rèn)定事實(shí)試題直接理解和語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換理解；③歸納概括試題；④推理判斷題。3.

歷年高考的閱讀理解分析例如:2000年高考閱讀理解A節(jié)選NewYork,10

November,5:27p.m.,yesterday.Biggestpowerfailureinthecity'shistory.Thousandsofpeople

gotstuckinlifts.MartinSaltzmanspentthreehoursbetweenthe21stand22ndfloorsoftheEmpire

StateBuilding/'Thereweretwelveofus.Butnoonepanicked.Wepassedthetimetellingstories

andplayingwordgames.Onemanwantedtosmokebutwedidn'tlethim.Firemenfinallygotus

out."51.Throughouttheperiodofdarkness,MartinSaltzmanandtheelevenotherswere.

A.nervousB.excitedC.calmD.frightencd分析:答案C。這道題考查學(xué)生綜合判斷能力和

從上下文中猜詞的能力。從文章結(jié)構(gòu)上和敘事方式上看，本文應(yīng)該是一篇新聞報(bào)道學(xué)生需要

在頭腦中形成語(yǔ)篇的框架：①體裁:新聞報(bào)道，②涉及四個(gè)小事件，③作者報(bào)道這些事件

的態(tài)度:在有驚無(wú)險(xiǎn)事件中的某種事后幽默感。文章中提到停電后MartinSaltzmanspent

threehoursbetweenthe21stand22adfloorsoftheEmpireStateBuilding.并且說(shuō)“Therewere

twelveofus.Butnoonepanicked.Wepassedthetimetellingstoriesandplayingwordgames.”在

這段話中，告訴了我們他們?cè)陔娞葜兄v故事，玩猜詞游戲來(lái)消磨時(shí)間。panic驚慌是生詞，

需要考生自己來(lái)判斷這個(gè)詞在上下文中的意思。Decision-thinkingisnotunlikepoker

—itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyou

thinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocess（過(guò)程）issimilar.Natural!,thiscardgamehasoften

beenofconsiderablein-teresttopeoplewhoare,byanystandards,goodthinkers.Thegreat

mathematicianJohnvonNeumannwasoneofthefbundersofgametheory.Inparticular,he

showedthatallgamesfallintotwoclasses;therearewhathecalledgamesof^erfectin-

fbrmatiorT,gameslikechesswheretheplayerscan!thideanythingofplaytricks:theydon!twinby

chance,butbymeansoflogicandskills.Thcntherearegamesof!imperfectinfbnnation!,likepok-

er,inwhichitisimpossibletoknowinadvancethatonecourseofactionisbetterthan

another.Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfect

infbrmation.Quitethereverse,business,politics,lifeitselfaregames,whichwemustnormallywith

veryimperfectinformation.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownand

unknowablefactors（因素）whichwouldevenpuzzle（困惑）bestpok-erplayers.Butfewbusiness

peoplefinditcomfortabletoadmitthattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelieve

thattheyareplayingchess,notpoker.分析:本篇討論的問(wèn)題是近些年來(lái)學(xué)術(shù)界和知識(shí)界

的世界性的熱門(mén)話題，對(duì)于熟悉社會(huì)科學(xué)普及性話題的人來(lái)說(shuō)本文并不是非常深?yuàn)W。但是用

英語(yǔ)來(lái)討論這樣的問(wèn)題，對(duì)于整天忙于做模擬題的學(xué)生來(lái)講文章涉及的內(nèi)容就顯得陌生了，

用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)顯得有些費(fèi)解。讀懂這篇文章可能需要讀兩遍甚至三遍。59.Thesubject

discussedinthistextis____A.theprocessofreachingdecisionsB.thedifference

betweenpokerandchessC.thesecreofmakinggoodbusinessplansD.thevalueofin

formationinwinninggames答案A。這篇文章以pokerandchess為例，主要討論了思

維的過(guò)程和做出決斷的過(guò)程文章的第?句話點(diǎn)出文章的主題?！癉eci-sion?thinkingisnot

unlikepokeritoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,Thementalprocess（過(guò)程）is

similar.”雖然文章第二段中談到了紙牌游戲與象棋有區(qū)別，但是討論他們之間的區(qū)別的目的

是為了說(shuō)明在做生意的過(guò)程中如同玩紙牌，有很多不可知因素。干擾項(xiàng)是B這篇文章的第二

自然段討論的主題是紙牌游戲與象棋的區(qū)別，但不是整篇文章的主題。6O.Animportant

factorinagameofimperfectinformationisA.nilesB.IuckC.timeD.ideas答案

Bo這道題的答案在文章的第二自然段里?！癟herearewhathecalledgamesof!perfect

information!,thatonecourseofactionisbetterthananother.”從閱讀這一段文字中我們知

道在知己知彼的游戲中不能做任何手腳不能靠運(yùn)氣來(lái)贏對(duì)方，而要靠邏輯和技巧。在信息不

全的游戲中，人們不可能事先知道哪一個(gè)舉動(dòng)更好?，因此暗含的意思是只能靠運(yùn)氣了因此這

道題的答案是Bo61.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedinplaceof'Quitethereverse”?

A.Quiteright.B.Trueenough.C.Mostunlikely.D.Justtheop-posite.答案Do這道題考查

的是學(xué)生從上下文中猜詞的能力。quitethereverse出現(xiàn)在文章的第三段。文中說(shuō)“One

mistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatwhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfect

information.”錯(cuò)誤的想法是y做生意看作是一種信息完整的游戲,……做生意、政治、人生

通常都會(huì)有很多不可知因素Quitethereverse句子中起了承上啟下的作用表示“恰恰相反

62.Inthewriter'sopinion,whenmakinbusinessdecisionsoneshould.A.put

perfectinformationbeforeimperfecinformationB.accepttheexistenceofunknownfactors

C.regardbusinessasagameofchessD.mixknowandunknownfactors答案B。作者

的態(tài)度十分明朗，他認(rèn)為在做生意時(shí)人們并不知道所有的信息，而且有些未知因素甚至使玩

紙牌的高手感到迷惑。但是僅有少數(shù)生意人愿意承認(rèn)他們?cè)谕稒C(jī)，多數(shù)人還是寧愿相信他們

在下象棋，而不是玩紙牌即他們認(rèn)為他們知道所有的信息。在文章中作者用了onemistaken

idea來(lái)表達(dá)他的觀點(diǎn)“onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameof

perfectin-formation.由此可見(jiàn)，這道題的答案應(yīng)該是B。例如1999年高考閱讀理解

55.WhatdidCoryLuxmooremeanwhenhesaid'Tmonhigh"?A.Fmrich.B.Tmfamous.

C.Tinexcited.D.Tmlucky.分析:文章中告訴我們Luxmoore先生的包失而復(fù)得,and

LuxmoorctoldreportersC4Ifwonderfulnews.Tmonhigh.”題目要求學(xué)生根據(jù)情景猜測(cè)“I!mon

high”這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的意思，實(shí)際上問(wèn)Luxmoore先生得知這個(gè)消息后的心情。當(dāng)Cory

Luxmoore得知日記本失而復(fù)得時(shí)，他說(shuō):“這是好消息。我很興奮”，對(duì)比前面Luxmore先生

曾告訴記者在丟了這本日記之后他一直很煩。'Tvefeltsicksincethen.”因此第55題的答案

應(yīng)該選Co52.InwhatwaywasthenightofNovember9thebestnightforAngelaCarraro?

A.Shehadatasteofadventure.B.Burningcandlesbrightenedtheplace.C.Business

wasbetterthanusual.D.Manypeoplestayedthenightinherrestaurant.分析:這道題

需要考生讀懂文章，不僅理解字面上的意思，而且要讀懂文章的實(shí)際意思在做題時(shí)要牢記

AngelaCarraro是一家飯店的老板，停電之后很多人遇到了麻煩，而她卻是顧客盈門(mén)，生意

比平常要好。因此飯店的老板說(shuō):Itwasthebestnightwe'veeverhad.”因此答案為C。4.

如何猜詞技巧1：利用解釋作為從上下文猜詞的線索。這樣往往能夠明確地告訴

我們這個(gè)詞的準(zhǔn)確意思。常用的關(guān)鍵詞和句型如下：……mean……意

指...is/ar