托福模擬考試及答案解析22

托福模擬考試及答案解析（22）

（IF/共13題）READING

Set1

ECTOTHERMYANDENDOTHERMY1Manybiologicalsystemsarebasedontheprocess

ofhomeostasis,whichmeans"steadystate."Homeostasisistheabilitytomaintainbalance.

Homeostaticmechanismsenableanimalstosurvivechangesintheirexternalenvironmentby

regulatingconditionswithintheirbodies.Conditionsintheexternalenvironment,suchas

temperature,mayvarywidely,butconditionsintheinternalenvironmentcanvaryonlywithina

narrowrangenecessaryforsurvival.

2Temperatureisaconstraintforanimals,allofwhichmustmaintainbiochemicalstability.

WhenananimaKsbodytemperaturedropstoolow,itsmetabolismslows,thusreducingthe

amountofenergytheanimalcanuseforactivity.Ifbodytemperaturerisestoohigh,metabolic

reactionsbecomeunbalanced,andenzymeactivityishindered.Animalscansucceedonlyina

limitedrangeofbodytemperatures,andformost,thisisbetween0and40degreesCelsius.

3Onewaytoclassifyanimalsistoemphasizetheirsourceofbodyheat.Forinstance,

"cold-blooded"animalsarethosethatmustwarmtheirbodywithheatfromthesurrounding

environment,and"warm-blooded"animalsarethosethatcanheatthemselves.However,these

traditionaltermsareinaccurateandmisleading.Some"cold-blooded"animals,suchaslizards,

havehigherbodytemperatureswhenactivethanmany"warm-blooded"animalshavewhen

hibernating.Physiologistsprefertheterms"ectotherm"and"endotherm"becausetheyreflect

thefactthatananimaKsbodytemperatureisabalancebetweenheatlossandheatgain.

4Allanimalsproduceheatfromcellularmetabolism,butinmosttheheatisconducted

awayasfastasitisproduced,sotheamountofheatobtainedfrommetabolismisverysmall.In

theseanimals,theectotherms,bodytemperatureisdeterminedalmostentirelybytheir

surroundings.Mostinvertebrates,fishes,amphibians,andreptilesareectotherms.Incontrast,

someanimalsareabletogenerateandretainenoughheatfrommetabolismtoelevatetheirown

bodytemperaturetotheoptimumlevel.Theseanimalsarecalledtheendothermsbecausethe

sourceoftheirbodyheatisinternal.Mammals,birds,somefishes,andnumerousinsectsare

endotherms.

5Ectothermswarmtheirbodymainlybyabsorbingheatfromtheirenvironment.

Ectothermscannotcontroltheirbodytemperaturephysiologically,yetmanyareabletoregulate

itbehaviorallybyselectingareasoftheenvironmentwithamorefavorabletemperature.Some,

suchasdesertlizards,exploithour-to-hourchangesinsolarradiationtokeeptheirbody

temperaturerelativelyconstant.Inthemorning,thelizardabsorbsthesun'sheatthroughits

head,whilekeepingtherestofitsbodyprotectedfromthecoolair.Later,thelizardwillemerge

tobaskinthesun.Atnoon,withitsbodytemperaturehigh,itseeksshadeunderarock.When

theairtemperaturedropsinthelateafternoon,itemergesandliesparalleltothesun'srays.

6Endotherms,ontheotherhand,derivemostoralloftheirbodyheatfromtheirown

metabolism.Aconsistentlywarmbodytemperaturerequiresactivemetabolism,whichincludes

oxidationoffoods,cellularrespiration,andmuscularcontraction.Conversely,awarmbody

temperaturecontributestothehighlevelsofmetabolismrequiredforextendedperiodsof

intensephysicalactivity.Thisisonereasonendothermscangenerallyendurevigorousactivity

longerthanectotherms.However,beingendothermicisenergeticallyexpensive,especiallyina

coldenvironment.Becausemuchofanendotherm'sdailyintakeofcaloriesisusedtogenerate

heat,theendothermmusteatmorefoodthananectothermofthesamesize.

Endothermyallowsbirdsandmammalstostabilizetheirinternaltemperaturesothat

biochemicalprocessesandnervoussystemfunctionscanproceedatsteadylevelsofactivity.

Theseanimalsmaintainaconstantbodytemperaturethroughadelicatebalancebetweenheat

productionandheatloss.Thisiswhyendothermscanremainactiveinwinterandexploit

habitatsdeniedtoectotherms.Iftheanimalbecomestoocool,itcangenerateheatbyincreasing

muscularactivity(exerciseorshivering),oritcandecreaseheatlossbyincreasinginsulation.In

general,birdsandmammalsarewarmerthantheirsurroundings,buttheyalsohavemechanisms

forcoolingthebodyinahotenvironment.Iftheanimalbecomestoowarm,itdecreasesheat

productionandincreasesheatlossbyevaporativecooling(sweatingorpanting).

第1題

Inusingtheterminternalenvironmentinparagraph1,theauthoristalkingabout

A.theanimaKsden

B.theanimaKsbody

C.theanimaTsgeneticcode

D.theanimaTssocialposition

第2題

Thewordconstraintinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto

A.restriction

B.reward

C.ertainty

D.comfort

第3題

Whycananimalssurviveonlyinalimitedrangeofbodytemperatures?

A.Bodytemperatureisakeycontributortometabolicstability.

B.Animalscannotmaintainnecessarybod,,fluidsatextremetemperatures.

C.Bodytemperatureislinkedtoananimalabilitytoreproduce.

D.Mostenvironmentaltemperaturesfallbetween0and40degreesCelsius.

第4題

Accordingtoparagraph3,whyaretheterms"cold-blooded"and"warm-blooded"inaccuratefor

classifyinganimals?

A.Theyimplythatwarmbloodisbetter.

B.Theyincorrectlyidentifybloodasimportantinbodytemperature.

C.Theysuggestthatsomeanimalsdonotlikeheat.

D.TheyimplythattheanimaKsbloodisalwayscoldorwarm.

第5題

Thewordoptimuminparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto

A.environmental

B.opposite

C.mostcommon

D.mostfavorable

第6題

Thewordexploitinparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto

A.getawaywith

B.getusedto

C.takeadvantageof

D.takecareof

第7題

Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredaboutectotherms?

A.Theycanengageinphysicalactivityforlongperiodsoftime.

B.Theyarethemostintelligentanimalsthatliveinthedesert.

C.Theymusteatalldaylongtomaintaintheirbodytemperature.

D.Theyarelikelytolivewhereheatfromthesunisavailable.

第8題

Whydoestheauthorusethetermenergeticallyexpensiveinparagraph6?

A.Topointoutthatintensephysicalexerciseisdifficultforanimals

B.Ibstressthatgeneratinginternalbodyheatrequiresalotofcalories

C.Toexplainwhytherearemanymoreectothermsthanendotherms

D.Toshowthatendothermsconsumetoomanyenvironmentalresources

第9題

Whichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentencein

paragraph7?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessential

information.

A.Becauseendothermscanmaintaintheirbodytemperature,theycanliveincoldhabitats.

B.lnwinter;endothermsdonotallowectothermsaccesstotheresourcestheyneedforsurvival.

C.Endothermsarenaturallywarmerthanectotherms,sothetwokindsofanimalsprefer

differenthabitats.

D.Ectothermsthriveincoldhabitats,buttheymustcompetewithendothermsforsurvival.

第10題

AllofthefollowingarementionedasadvantagesofendothermyEXCEPT

A.enduranceofintensephysicalactivity

B.survivalincoldsurroundings

C.highlevelofintelligence

□.abilitytocoolthebody

第11題

Whichofthefollowingisamechanismthatpromotesheatloss?

A.Shivering

B.Insulation

C.Exercise

D.Panting

第12題

Lookatthefoursquares,

圖片

/

圖片

，

圖片

,and

圖片

,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthe

sentencebestfit?

Manyendothermsmaintainaconsistentinternaltemperatureevenasthetemperatureof

theirsurroundingsfluctuates,

圖片

Allanimalsproduceheatfromcellularmetabolism,butinmosttheheatisconductedawayas

fastasitisproduced,sotheamountofheatobtainedfrommetabolismisverysmall.Inthese

animals,theectotherms,bodytemperatureisdeterminedalmostentirelybytheirsurroundings.

圖片

Mostinvertebrates,fishes,amphibians,andreptilesareectotherms.

圖片

Incontrast,someanimalsareabletogenerateandretainenoughheatfrommetabolismto

elevatetheirownbodytemperaturetotheoptimumlevel.Theseanimalsarecalledthe

endothermsbecausethesourceoftheirbodyheatisinternal.

圖片

Mammals,birds,somefishes,andnumerousinsectsareendotherms.第13題

Selecttheappropriatephrasesfromtheanswerchoicesandmatchthemtotheclassofanimal

thattheydescribe.TWOoftheanswerchoiceswillNOTbeused.Thisquestionisworth3points.

AnswerChoices

A.Arecold-bloodedwhenactiveandwarm-bloodedwheninactive

B.Generateheatinternallytoachievethecorrectbodytemperature

C.Usetheenvironmentastheirprimarysourceofbodyheat

D.Survivebyhibernatingwhentheirbodybecomestoowarm

E.Needalargeamountoffoodtoregulatemetabolismandbodytemperature

F.Maintainbodytemperaturebehaviorally,byseekingsunorshade

G.Havebodilymechanismsforcontrollingheatproductionandheatloss

圖片

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

下一題

（14~26/共13題）Set2

CANADIANENGLISH1CanadianEnglishisaregionalvarietyofNorthAmericanEnglish

thatspansalmosttheentirecontinent.CanadianEnglishbecameaseparatevarietyofNorth

AmericanEnglishaftertheAmericanRevolution,whenthousandsofLoyalists,peoplewhohad

supportedtheBritish,lefttheUnitedStatesandflednorthtoCanada.ManyLoyalistssettledin

southernOntariointhe1780s,andtheirspeechbecamethebasisforwhatiscalledGeneral

Canadian,adefinitionbasedonthenormsofurbanmiddle-classspeech.

2ModernCanadianEnglishisusuallydefinedbythewaysinwhichitresemblesanddiffers

fromAmericanorBritishEnglish.CanadianEnglishhasagreatdealincommonwiththeEnglish

spokenintheUnitedStates,yetmanyAmericansidentifyaCanadianaccentasBritish.Many

AmericanvisitorstoCanadathinktheCanadianvocabularysoundsBritish-forexample,they

noticetheBritish"tap"and"braces"insteadoftheAmerican"faucet"and"suspenders."Onthe

otherhand,manyBritishpeopleidentifyaCanadianaccentasAmerican,andBritishvisitorsthink

theCanadianshavebecomeAmericanized,saying"gas"and"truck"for"petrol"and"lorry."

3PeoplewholiveoutsideNorthAmericaoftenfinditdifficulttohearthedifferences

betweenCanadianandAmericanEnglish.Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweenthetwovarieties,

yettheyarefarfromidentical.CanadianEnglishisinstantlyrecognizabletootherCanadians,and

oneCanadianinacrowdedroomwilleasilyspottheotherCanadianamongtheNorth

Americans.

4ThereisnodistinctiveCanadiangrammar.Thedifferencesaremainlyinpronunciation,

vocabulary,andidioms.Canadianpronunciationreflectstheexperienceofapeoplestrugglingfor

nationalidentityagainsttwostronginfluences.About75percentofCanadiansusetheBritish

"zed"ratherthantheAmerican"zee"forthenameofthelastletterofthealphabet.Ontheother

hand,75percentofCanadiansusetheAmericanpronunciationof"schedule,""tomato,"and

"missile."ThemostobviousanddistinctivefeatureofCanadianspeechisprobablyitsvowel

sound,thediphthong"ou."InCanada,"out"ispronouncedlike"oat"innearbyU.S.accents.

ThereareotheridentifyingfeaturesofCanadianvowels;forexample,"cot"ispronouncedthe

sameas"caught"and"collar"thesameas"caller."

5AnimportantcharacteristicofthevocabularyofCanadianEnglishistheuseofmany

wordsandphrasesoriginatinginCanadaitself,suchas"kerosene"and"chesterfield"("sofa").

SeveralwordsareborrowedfromNorthAmericanIndianlanguages,forexample,"kayak/1

"caribou,""parka,"and"skookum"("strong").ThenameofthecountryitselfhasanIndianorigin;

theIroquoisword"kanata"originallymeant"village."Anumberoftermsforicehockey-"face-off,

blue-line,"and"puck"-havebecomepartofWorldStandardEnglish.

6SomefeaturesofCanadianEnglishseemtobeuniqueandareoftendeliberately

identifiedwithCanadianspeakersinsuchcontextsasdramaticandliterarycharacterizations.

AmongtheoriginalCanadianidioms,perhapsthemostfamousisthealmostuniversaluse

of"eh?"asatagquestion,asin"That'sagoodmovie,eh?Eh"isalsousedasafillerduringa

narrative,asin"Tmwalkinghomefromwork,eh,andlzmthinkingaboutdinner.Ifinallyget

home,eh,andtherefrigeratorisempty."

7ThetraditionalviewholdsthattherearenodialectsinCanadianEnglishandthat

CanadianscannottellwhereotherCanadiansarefromjustbylisteningtothem.Thelinguistsof

todaydisagreewiththisview.WhilethereisagreaterdegreeofhomogeneityinCanadianEnglish

comparedwithAmericanEnglish,severaldialectareasdoexistacrossCanada.Linguistshave

identifieddistinctdialectsfortheMaritimeProvinces,Newfoundland,theOttawaValley,

southernOntario,thePrairieProvinces,theArcticNorth,andtheWest.

第14題

Accordingtothepassage,howdidCanadianEnglishbecomeadistinctvarietyofNorthAmerican

English?

A.LinguistsnoticedthatCanadiansspokeauniquedialect.

B.AlargegroupofLoyalistssettledinoneregionatthesametime.

C.Growthofthemiddleclassledtoastandardschoolcurriculum.

□.CanadiansdeclaredtheirlanguagetobedifferentfromU.S.English.

第15題

Thewordnormsinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto

A.patterns

B.history

C.words

D.ideas

第16題

Thephraseagreatdealincommonwithinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto

A.differentwordsfor

B.thesameproblemsas

C.manysimilaritiesto

D.easierpronunciationthan

第17題

Inparagraph2,whatpointdoestheauthormakeaboutCanadianEnglish?

A.CanadianEnglishismoresimilartoAmericanthantoBritishEnglish.

B.AmericanandBritishvisitorsdefineCanadianEnglishbytheirownnorms.

C.CanadianEnglishhasmanywordsthatarenotinothervarietiesofEnglish.

0.CanadiansspeakEnglishwithanaccentthatAmericanscannotunderstand.

第18題

Thewordspotinparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto

A.describe

B.ignore

C.prefer

D.find

第19題

Whichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentencein

paragraph4?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessential

information.

A.CanadianEnglishhasbeenstronglyinfluencedbybothBritishandAmericanEnglish.

B.Canadaistheonlynationwherepeoplecandeliberatelychoosewhichpronunciationthey

prefer.

C.Canadianshavetriedtodistinguishthemselvesasanation,andthiseffortisshownintheir

pronunciation.

D.ManynewcomerstoCanadamustworkhardtomasterthenationalstyleofpronouncing

English.

第20題

AllofthefollowingwordsoriginatedinNorthAmericanIndianlanguagesEXCEPT

A.kerosene

B.parka

C.Canada

D.kayak

第21題

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph5?

A.VocabularyisthemostdistinctivefeatureofCanadianEnglish.

B.WorldStandardEnglishhasaverylargevocabulary.

C.CanadiansusemoreNorthAmericanIndianwordsthanAmericansdo.

D.MuchofthevocabularyforicehockeyoriginatedinCanada.

第22題

Theauthordiscussestheexpression"eh"inparagraph6asanexampleof

A.anidiomthatuniquelycharacterizesCanadianspeech

B.anexpressionthatfewpeopleoutsideCanadahaveheard

C.astyleofCanadiandramaandliterature

D.awordthatcannotbetranslatedintootherlanguages

第23題

Thewordhomogeneityinparagraph7isclosestinmeaningto

A.accent

B.change

C.creativity

D.sameness

第24題

Accordingtoparagraph7,dialectsinCanadianEnglish

A.haverarelybeenasubjectofstudy

B.areidentifiedprimarilythroughpronunciation

C.arelinkedtodifferentgeographicregions

D.arethesameasthoseinAmericanEnglish

第25題

Lookatthefoursquares,

圖片

，

圖片

/

圖片

,and

圖片

,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthe

sentencebestfit?

Thus,"out"rhymeswith"boat,"sothephrase"outandaboutinaboat"soundslike"oatand

aboatinaboat"toAmericanears.ThereisnodistinctiveCanadiangrammar.Thedifferences

aremainlyinpronunciation,vocabularyandidioms.Canadianpronunciationreflectsthe

experienceofapeoplestrugglingfornationalidentityagainsttwostronginfluences.About75

percentofCanadiansusetheBritish"zed"ratherthantheAmerican"zee"forthenameofthe

lastletterofthealphabet.Ontheotherhand,75percentofCanadiansusetheAmerican

pronunciationof"schedule,""tomato,"and"missile."

圖片

ThemostobviousanddistinctivefeatureofCanadianspeechisprobablyitsvowelsound,the

diphthong"ou."

圖片

InCanada,"out"ispronouncedlike"oat"innearbyU.S.accents.

圖片

ThereareotheridentifyingfeaturesofCanadianvowels;forexample,"cot"ispronouncedthe

sameas"caught"and"collar"thesameas"caller."

圖片

第26題

Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.Completethe

summarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthe

passage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenot

presentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.

圖片

A.CanadianEnglishcontainselementsofbothBritishandAmericanEnglish.

B.SeveraluniquevarietiesofEnglishhaveevolvedinNorthAmerica.

C.CanadianspronouncemostwordsthesamewayasAmericansdo.

□.CanadianEnglishassertsitsdistinctivenessthroughpronunciation.

E.WordsandidiomsoriginatinginCanadaalsohelptodefineCanadianEnglish.

F.MostCanadianscannotidentifywhereotherCanadiansarefrom.

上一題下一題

（27~40/共14題）Set3

HUMANMIGRATION1Thelong-termmovementofindividuals,families,orlarger

groupstoanewlocationoutsidetheircommunityoforiginisknownasmigration.Human

migrationoccursonvariousgeographicscales:fromonecontinentorcountrytoanother;

betweenregionswithinasinglecountry,andfromonecityneighborhoodtoanother.Several

factorsstimulatemigration,includingeconomicconditions,politicalconflict,war,cultural

circumstances,andenvironmentalfactors.

2Peoplemigratefromsourcetodestinationinwell-definedstreams.Manymigration

streamsactuallyconsistofaseriesofstages,aphenomenonknownasstepmigration.For

example,apeasantfamilyfromthecountrysideislikelytomovefirsttoavillage,thentoa

nearbytown,latertoacity,andfinallytoametropolis-thecapitalorthelargestcityintheregion.

Theintensityofamigrationstreamdependsonsuchfactorsasthephysicaldistanceandthe

degreeofdifferencebetweenthesourceandthedestination.Italsodependsontheflowof

informationfromthedestinationbacktothesource.Peoplearelikelytohavemorecomplete

andaccurateinformationaboutnearbyplacesthanaboutplacesthatarefartheraway.

3Thedecisiontomoveistheresultofvariousstimuli,whichsocialscientistsclassifyas

"push"and"pull"factors.Pushfactorsaretheconditionsthatimpelpeopletoleavetheirhome

communities.Thelackofjobsoreducationalopportunities,politicalfear,ethnicorreligious

discrimination,andnaturaldisastersareallexamplesofpushfactors.Pullfactorsarethe

circumstancesthatattractpeopletocertaindestinations,suchasbetterlivingstandards,the

chanceofgettingajob,andfamilyconnections.Thecircumstancesthatinducepeopletomove

fromonepartoftheworldtoanother-economic,political,andenvironmental

conditions-usuallyinvolveacombinationofpushandpullfactors.Becausepeopleareusually

morefamiliarwiththeirhomecommunitythanwithadesireddestination,theyarelikelyto

understandpushfactorsmoreaccuratelythanpullfactors.Pullfactorstendtobemorevague,

andpeopleoftenhaveoverlyoptimisticexpectationsoftheirdestination.

4Economicconditionsarealeadingfactorinhumanmigration.Throughouthistory,

povertyhasdrivenmillionsofpeoplefromtheirhomelands.Industrializationhasattracted

populationstourbanareasinsearchofeconomicopportunity.Theflowfromfarmsorvillagesto

theexpandingmetropolitanandindustrialcentershasoccurredbothwithinandbetween

countries.Duringthetwentiethcentury,Russiansmovedintothenewindustrialcentersin

Siberia,ChinesemigratedtoManchuriaandSoutheastAsia,andAfricansmovedfromtribalareas

intotheminingregionsofSouthAfricaandCongo.Today,perceivedopportunitiesindestinations

suchasWesternEuropeandNorthAmericaencouragenumerousmigrantstosearchforabetter

life.Someworkersmigrateonlyseasonallyortemporarily.Especiallyinnewlyindustrializingareas,

workerstendtoretaintheirvillagerootsandreturnhomeafteraperiodofearninginafactoryor

mine.However,mostmigrantsrelocatepermanently,andthegrowingurbanpopulations

worldwidearecomposedofpeoplewhohavecutthemselvesofffromtheirroots.5The

twentiethcenturysawanincreaseinmigratoryflowscausedbythepushfactorsofpolitical

oppression,revolution,andwar.RefugeesfledfromRussiaafterthe1917revolution,from

GermanyandItalyduringtheNaziandFascistregimes,andfromEasternEuropeaftertheSecond

WorldWar.Millionsofpeoplewereuprootedasaresultofpolitical,cultural,andreligious

conflict.ThepartitionofIndiaandPakistanin1947ledtotheuprootingandresettlementof

around14millionMuslimsandHindus-thelargestsinglemovementofpeopleinashortperiod.

ThearmedconflictintheformerYugoslaviaduringthe1990sdroveasmanyasthreemillion

peoplefromtheirhomes.Inthesamedecade,acivilwarinRwandaforcedmorethantwomillion

Rwandansfromtheirhomeland.

6Reasonsformigrationincludeenvironmentalconditions,oftenincombinationwith

economicandpoliticalproblems.AmajorhistoricalexampleistheIrishfamineofthe1840s,

whenprolongedrainsandblightdestroyedthepotatocrop.Theresultingfamine,alongwiththe

oppressivepoliticalsystem,causedhundredsofthousandsofpeasantstomigratefromIrelandto

NorthAmerica.Inrecentdecades,aseriesofdroughtsresultingfromsuccessiverainlessseasons

insub-SaharanAfrica,combinedwithsuchfactorsasethnicstrifeandcivilwar;havecaused

large-scalemigrationsandagrowingrefugeecrisisintheregion.

第27題

Inparagraph1,theauthormakesthepointthat

A.therearesimilaritiesbetweenhumanmigrationandanimalmigration

B.mostpeoplewhomigratemovetoanotherregionintheirhomecountry

C.humanmigrationvariesinthedistancetraveledandthefactorsinvolved

D.weunderstandonlysomeoftheconditionsthatcausepeopletomigrate

第28題

Whichstatementbestdescribesstepmigration?

A.Afamilysystematicallyliststheirreasonsforleavinghome.

B.Avillagemanmovestothecitytoworktosupporthisfamily.

C.Workersmigrateseasonallytowhereverjobsareavailable.

D.Afamilymovesarelativelyshortdistanceseveraltimes.

第29題

Thewordimpelinparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto

A.force

B.dare

C.permit

D.invite

第30題

Allofthefollowingareidentifiedasconditionsthatmaypushpeopletomoveawayfromtheir

placeoforiginEXCEPT

A.theinabilitytofindemployment

B.prejudicebasedonreligion

C.ahighstandardofliving

□.environmentaldisasters

第31題

Whichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentencein

paragraph3?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessential

information.

A.Onlywhenconditionsathomebecomeunbearablewillpeoplemigratetoanothercountry.

B.Pushfactorsaremorepowerfulthanpullfactorsinstimulatinghumanmigration.

C.Thethreeleadingcausesofmigrationareeconomics,politics,andenvironmentalchange.

D.Thedecisiontomigrateagreatdistancenormallyresultsfrombothpushandpullfactors.

第32題

Thewordvagueinparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto

A.serious

B.unclear

C.difficult

D.simple

第33題

Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that

A.governmentsencouragemigrationbydescribingpushandpullfactors

B.fewmigrantsfullyunderstandwhytheyleavetheirhomecommunities

C.peoplemayoverestimatethechanceoffindingworkintheirchosendestination

D.thesamefactorsthatpullpeopletooneplacemaypushawayotherpeople

第34題

Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph4?

A.Topresentsomeeconomiccausesofmigration

B.Ibdescribethelong-termeffectsofpoverty

C.Toexplainwhysomemigrationisonlytemporary

D.Tocomparepastandpresentcausesofmigration

第35題

Instatinginparagraph4thatthegrowingurbanpopulationsworldwidearecomposedofpeople

whohavecutthemselvesofffromtheirroots,theauthormeansthatthesepeople

A.comefromavarietyofculturalbackgrounds

B.havechosennottoreturntotheirvillages

C.willeventuallyforgettheirnativelanguage

D.feelhomesickandregretmovingtothecity

第36題

Paragraph5supportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmigration?

A.Morepeoplemigratedduringthetwentiethcenturythaninanyotherperiod.

B.Mostmigrationistheproductofourhumandesiretofindmeaninginlife.

C.Politicalcircumstancesareamajorfactordrivingnumerousmigrationstreams.

□.Internationalmigrationwillcontinuetoincreasebecauseofwarandrevolution.

第37題

Thewordstrifeinparagraph6isclosestinmeaningto

A.tradition

B.education

C.advancement

0.conflict

第38題

Inparagraph6,theauthorprovidestwoexamplestoillustratethat

A.otherfactorsjoinenvironmentalfactorsincausingmigration

B.famineanddroughtarecausedbypoliticalcorruption

C.pushandpullfactorsinmigrationcannoteasilybeseparated

□.migrationcausedbyenvironmentalconditionswillincrease

第39題

Lookatthefoursquares,

圖片

/

圖片

圖片

,and

圖片

,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthe

sentencebestfit?

Consequently,themajorityofmigrantsmoveonlyashortdistance.Peoplemigratefrom

sourcetodestinationinwell-definedstreams.

圖片

Manymigrationstreamsactuallyconsistofaseriesofstages,aphenomenonknownasstep

migration.Forexample,apeasantfamilyfromthecountrysideislikelytomovefirsttoavillage,

thentoanearbytown,latertoacity,andfinallytoametropolis-thecapitalor