新思維應(yīng)用本科英語(yǔ)專業(yè)規(guī)劃教材閱讀教程整套教學(xué)教程電子講義教案

UNITONETextAPART1TextBPART2CaseStudyPART3Self-assessmentChecklistPART4ACollegeEducationTextAPart1BeforeYouReadDirections:Groupinfouranddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Accordingtoyourpersonalexperience,whatisthevalueofcollegeeducation?2.Doyouthinkthecostofcollegetuitionisaheavyburdenforafamily?Part1AsYouReadDirections:Inthissection,youwillreadanarticleIsCollegeStillWorthIt?Youneedtofinishtheexercisesandnotedownthestartingtimeandtheendingtime.Duringtheprocessofreading,pleasereadwithyoureyesmovingquicklyforthepurposeoffocusedreading.Getthemainideaofeachparagraphandthesub-ideas.Attheendofthereading,pleasecheckyourtimeandyourunderstandingofthisarticle.TextAIsCollegeStillWorthIt?

DoasimpleGoogleNewssearchon“highereducation”andyou’llgetalotofstoriesabouthowexpensiveitis,howmuchdebtstudentsareaccumulating,whethercollegegraduatesarefaringanybetterintougheconomictimesthananyoneelse,andwhetheracollegeeducationreallytranslatesintoabetterfuture.Cumulatively,theybegthequestion,“Isacollegeeducationworthit?”RecentpollresultsobtainedbytheAmericanAssociationofStateCollegesandUniversities(AASCU)shedsomelightonwhatAmericansthinkaboutthevalueofacollegeeducation.Thedatashowsthepublicissplitonthequestion,withcollegegraduatesmorethantwiceaslikelytosay,“Yes,it’sworthit,”thannon-collegegraduates.Part1AsYouReadTextA

Differencesalongracialandgenderlineswerealsoevidentthroughoutthesurveyresults.Communitiesofcolorsupportincreasedfundingforhighereducationsignificantlymorethanwhitepeople,perhapsbecausemanyexpectfuturecollegeattendeeswillcomefromthesehouseholds.TheproportionofHispanics,inparticular,isexpectedtobemorethandoubleinthenot-too-distantfuture.Andyoungerwomensupportincreasedfundingforhighereducationsignificantlymorethanmen,perhapsbecausetheyfeelmorestronglythattheywillbenefitfromacollegedegree.Sobasically,thosewhoseethegreatestvalueinhighereducationarethosewhoalreadyhaveacollegedegreeandthosewhoperceivetheyhavethemostsocio-economicadvantagestogain.Whatdoweactuallyknowaboutthevalueofacollegeeducation?Theansweronanumberofdimensionsisprettyresoundinganditis,“Yes,it’sworthit.”Part1AsYouReadTextA

ThePewResearchCenteranalyzedthe2010CensusBureaudataandfoundthatthetypicaladultwithonlyabachelor’sdegreewillearn$1.42millionovera40-yearcareer,or$650,000morethanatypicalindividualwhohasonlyahighschooldegree.Whenthecostofcollegeandthelostincomeinschoolarefactoredin,thelifetimedifferencenarrowsto$550,000—stillasignificantdifferencebyanybody’smeasure.Acollegeeducationisalsoanimportantdifferentiatorineconomicmobility.Inourcountry,weembracetheideathatanyonewhoworkshardcanmakeit.PollingbythePewCharitableTrustshowsthat40percentofusbelieveitiscommonforpeopletostartpoorlyandbecomerichbydintofhardwork.Therealityisthat43percentofpeoplewhostartoutatthebottomoftheincomeladdernevermakeitoutatall,and70percentspendtheirentirelivesbelowthemiddlerung.Andwe’veallreadtheanecdotalstoriesofrecentcollegegraduateswhocan’tgetjobsinourstrugglingeconomy.PewcompletedyetanotherrecentstudytodeterminewhetherandhowmuchaPart1AsYouReadTextACollegedegreehasprotectedyoungworkersduringtherecenteconomicdownturn.Sowhiletherecessionhasbeenhardonmostofouryoungworkers,ithasbeenlesshardoncollegegraduatesthanonthosewithoutacollegedegree.

Thedemandforworkerswithcollegedegreesisexpectedtoonlyincreaseinthefuture.TheGeorgetownUniversityCenteronEducationandtheWorkforcepredictedthattheshareofpost-secondaryjobsinoureconomywillincreasefrom59to63percentby2020,andwewillfallshortofthenumberneededbyatleast3millionassociatepostsecondarydegreesorbetter.

Andso,thereismuchevidencethatacollegedegreeisinfactworthit,butthatdoesn’ttakeawayfromtheneedtoaddresstherisingcostofthedegree.TheAASCUsurveymadeitclearthatcollegeaffordabilityisofparamountconcerntoamajorityofrespondents,especiallythepopulationsfromwhichweexpecttodrawourfuturestudents.Part1AsYouReadTextATakenTogether,TheseDataSuggestaNumberofPrioritiestoAddressFirst,wemustfocusoneducatingthosewithoutacollegedegreeonitsvalue,andfosteraccessandretentionsothatthosewhowanttoattendcollegecanattend.Andparadoxically,wemustfurthereducateconservativemalesonthevalueofhighereducationforoureconomyasawhole,sincetheyarethegroupleastconvincedthatmoreresourcesareneededtofundhighereducation.Second,wemustfocusonensuringandhighlightingaffordability,whichmeans,amongotherissues,highlightingthehighvalueofferedbymanypublicinstitutions.WhilemostAASCUsurveyrespondents(60percent)agreethatthecostoftuitionatpubliccollegesistoohigh,publiccollegesarewidelyperceivedasbothabettervalueandabetterbargainthanprivatecolleges.Third,wemustunderstandthechangingdemographicsofourfuturepoolofcollegestudentsanddevelopeffectivemeanstoprovideaccessandsuccesstothem.Part1ReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.1. ResultsobtainedbytheAASCUshowthat________.A.AmericansthinkcollegeeducationisvaluableB.PeopleagreeonthevalueofacollegeeducationC.MostcollegegraduatesthinkcollegeeducationisworthitD.Mostnon-collegegraduatesthinkacollegeeducationisworthitTextAPart12. ThePewResearchCenter’sanalysisofthe2010CensusBureaudataprovesthat_______.A. Thetypicaladultwithonlyabachelor’sdegreewillearnmorethanthosewhohaveonlyahighschooldegreeovera40-yearcareerB.Thetypicaladultwithonlyabachelor’sdegreewillearnlessthanthosewhohaveonlyahighschooldegreeovera40-yearcareerC. Thetypicaladultwithonlyabachelor’sdegreewillearnbasicallythesameasthosewhohaveonlyahighschooldegreeovera40-yearcareerD. NoneoftheaboveTextAReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.Part13. Therelationshipbetweenacollegeeducationandeconomicmobilityisthat_______.A. TheyareirrelevantB. Collegegraduatescangetajobeasierthanthosenon-collegegraduatesduringtheperiodofeconomicrecessionC. CollegegraduatescanbecomerichbymeansofworkinghardD. Acollegeeducationisanimportantmeasurementtoestimateone’soccupationalfutureTextAReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.Part14. Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastsection?A. Thosewhowanttoattendcollegecanattendwithoutadegree.B. Thequalityofpubliccollegesisbetterthanprivatecolleges.C. Everyoneshouldbeequallytreatedwhenfacingtheopportunitytoattendcollege.D. Thesocietyshouldcreatemoreopportunitiesandmoreformsofhighereducationtoservedifferentneeds.TextAReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.Part15. Whatistheauthor’sattitudeonthevalueofcollege?A. It’sworthit.B. It’snotworthit.C. Hedoesn’tcare.D. Heistotallysatisfiedwiththecurrenthighereducationsystem.TextAReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.Phrases&Expressionsaccumulate [?‘kju?mjule?t]vt.積聚，累積cumulatively[‘kjumjul?t?vl?]adv.累積地，漸增地attendee[?ten'di:]n.（會(huì)議等的）出席者Hispanic[h?‘sp?n?k]n.拉丁裔人，指移居到美國(guó)

或加拿大的拉丁美洲講西

班牙語(yǔ)或葡萄牙語(yǔ)的人perceive[p?r's??v]vt.察覺(jué)，意識(shí)到，感知，理解dimension[d?'men?n]n.范圍，大小，體積，程度Part1TextAPhrases&Expressionsresounding[r?'za?nd??]adj.鳴響的，回響的，回蕩的，響亮mobility[m?u'b?l?t?]n.移動(dòng)性，流動(dòng)性，機(jī)動(dòng)性，可動(dòng)性Embrace[?m'bre?s]vt.擁抱，接受，包括，包含anecdotal[??nik?d?utl]adj.軼事的，趣聞的recession[r?'se?n;r?'s???n]n.（經(jīng)濟(jì)）衰退，不景氣retention[r?'ten?n;r?'t?n??n]n.具有，具備，享有，享用conservative[k?n's??v?t?v]adj.保守的，守舊的highlight['ha?la?t;'ha??la?t]n.對(duì)（某事物）予以特別的注意，強(qiáng)調(diào)Part1TextAPhrases&Expressionsdemographic[?dem?'gr?f?k]adj.人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的rally ['r?l?]v.團(tuán)結(jié)，集合shedsomelighton使……清楚些inparticular 尤其bydintof憑借……的力量，通過(guò)……的作用ofparamountconcern 至關(guān)重要onitsvalue 形成價(jià)值Part1TextAe.g.mobility=mobile+ity=abilitytomove1)cumulatively:6)downturn:2)attendee:7)affordability:3)creativity:8)respondent:4)resounding:9)paradoxically:5)differentiator:10)highlight:Part1AfterYouRead--VocabularyBuildingDirections:Figureouthowthefollowingwordsareformedandtrytoguessthemeaningsbasedonyourknowledge.TextA=cumulative+ly=somethingisadded積累的，漸增的=attend+ee=apersonwhoattendsameeting出席者；在場(chǎng)者=creative+ity=abilitytobecreative創(chuàng)新性=resound+ing=vertgreat令人矚目的=differentiate+or=thingtomakedifference區(qū)別物=down+turn=afallinbusiness經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退=affordable+ity=haveenoughmoneytobuy可支付能力=respond+ent=apersonwhoanswersquestions回答問(wèn)題的人=paradox+call+ly=dosth.intwooppositeways自相矛盾地=high+light=toemphasize突出，強(qiáng)調(diào)2.Directions:Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthegivenwords.1) It’saTVprogramme_______________theproblemsoftheunemployed.2) Theyare________theirsupporterstovoteattheelection.3) Thismatterisof___________importance.4) Wehadalready_____________howthetemperaturefluctuated.5) Wehave_____________enoughevidencetoensurehisconviction.mobilityembraceaffordabilityresoundingrecessionperceiveaccumulateparamountretentionhighlightPart1AfterYouRead--VocabularyBuildingTextAhighlightedaffordingparamountperceivedaccumulated2.Directions:Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthegivenwords.6) Hernameis_____________throughoutEurope.7) Automobile_________fellslightlyinthesecondquarteroftheyear.8) Theterm“mankind”________men,womenandchildren.9) Theysupportedthe_______ofastrongcentralgovernment.10) Ifthereisa________intheeconomyorinacompanyorindustry,itbecomesworseorlesssuccessfulthanithadbeen.mobilityembraceaffordabilityresoundingrecessionperceiveaccumulateparamountretentionhighlightPart1AfterYouRead--VocabularyBuildingTextAresoundingretentionembracesmobilityrecessionAccordingtoyourunderstandingofTextA,trytofinishtherelevantinformationinthechartbelowtocheckyourgeneralunderstandingofthetextorganization.Workingroupsandshareyourinformationwithyourgroupmembers.Part1AfterYouRead--MindMapTextANon-collegeWhitepeopleManEconomicMobilityCollegeGraduatesbeReadingStrategyPart1TextAGettingMeaningFromContextWhenyouencounteranunfamiliarword,agoodstrategyistoinfer(orguess)itsmeaningfromthecontext.Youmaynotalwaysbeabletoinferanexactmeaning,butyoucanoftengetthegeneralmeaning.It’senoughtocontinuereadingwithunderstanding.Herearethreeguidelinesforinferringmeaningfromtheimmediatecontext:PartsofSpeech:Analyzethewayawordisusedinasentence.Whatpartofspeechisit?Example:Acollegeeducationisalsoanimportantdifferentiatorineconomicmobility.(Both“differentiator”and“mobility”arenouns.)ReadingStrategyPart1TextA2.Collocation:Lookatthewordsthatareusedwithit.Theseoftenhelpdeterminemeaning.Example:TheproportionofHispanics,inparticular,isexpectedtomorethandoubleinthenot-too-distantfuture.(“Inparticular”meansespecially.)Meaningofthesentence:Thinkaboutthetopicandthemeaningofthesentence.Howdoesthewordfitin?Example:Andwe’veallreadtheanecdotalstoriesofrecentcollegegraduateswhocan’tgetjobsinourstrugglingeconomy.(Youprobablyknowtheword“stories”,soyoucanguessthat“anecdotal”istodescribeakindofstorywithaparticularstyle,whichmeansshort,interestingoramusingstoryaboutarealpersonorevent.)Directions:Readthesentencesbelow.Figureoutthemeaningsofthebold-typewordsfromthecontextandwritethemonthelines.e.g.Unsurprisingly,engineeringisagoodbetwhereveryoustudyit.unsurprisingly:adv.notcausingsurpriseRecentpollresultsobtainedbytheAmericanAssociationofStateCollegesandUniversities(AASCU)shedsomelightonwhatAmericansthinkaboutthevalueofacollegeeducation.(Para.2)obtained:_________________________________________________________________shedsomelighton:________________________________________________________becausemanyexpectfuturecollegeattendeeswillcomefromthesehouseholds.(Para.3)attendees:_______________________________________________________________Theansweronanumberofdimensionsisprettyresoundinganditis,“Yes,it’sworthit.”(Para.6)resounding:______________________________________________________________Part1TextAReadingStrategytogetsth.especiallybymakinganeffortmakesthbeclearstudentswhowillenterintotheuniversityverygreatDirections:Readthesentencesbelow.Figureoutthemeaningsofthebold-typewordsfromthecontextandwritethemonthelines.Acollegeeducationisalsoanimportantdifferentiatorineconomicmobility.(Para.8)differentiator:_______________________________________________________________Inourcountry,weembracetheideathatanyonewhoworkshardcanmakeit.(Para.8)embrace:__________________________________________________________________PollingbythePewCharitableTrustshowsthat40percentofusbelieveitiscommonforpeopletostartpoorlyandbecomerichbydintofhardwork.(Para.8)bydintof:__________________________________________________________________Part1TextAReadingStrategyacriteriatomakedifferencetoacceptanideabymeansofDirections:Readthesentencesbelow.Figureoutthemeaningsofthebold-typewordsfromthecontextandwritethemonthelines.7.Sowhiletherecessionhasbeenhardonmostofouryoungworkers,ithasbeenlesshardoncollegegraduatesthanonthosewithoutacollegedegree.(Para.9)recession:_________________________________________________________________8.Andparadoxically,wemustfurthereducateconservativemalesonthevalueofhighereducationforoureconomyasawhole...(Para.12)paradoxically:________________________________________________________________Part1TextAReadingStrategyadifficulttimewhenthereislesstrade,businessactivitydosth.intwooppositewaysTextBPart2BeforeYouReadDirections:Groupinfouranddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Arethereanyconnectionsbetween“degree”and“income”?2.Arethereanyconnectionsbetween“degree”and“qualityoflife”?3.Willparentswithacollegedegreebenefittheirchildren’seducation?4.Whatmorecouldyouaskofyourinvestmentinhighereducationthanprosperity,qualityoflife,theknowledgethatbolsterssocialchange,alegacyforyourchildren,andthemeanstoensurethecontinuingsuccessofyourfuturelife?Part2AsYouReadDirections:Inthissection,youwillreadanarticleTheValueofaCollegeEducation.Youneedtofinishtheexercisesandnotedownthestartingtimeandtheendingtime.Duringtheprocessofreading,pleasereadwithyoureyesmovingquicklyforthepurposeoffocusedreading.Getthemainideaofeachparagraphandthesub-ideas.Attheendofthereading,pleasecheckyourtimeandyourunderstandingofthisarticle.TextBTheValueofaCollegeEducation

Firstthingsfirst,Iknowyou’rethinking“Showmethemoney.”Thelifetimeincomesoffamiliesheadedbyindividualswithabachelor’sdegreewillbeabout$1.6millionmorethantheincomesoffamiliesheadedbythosewithahigh-schooldiploma,accordingtothePostsecondaryEducationOpportunityResearchLetter.TheU.S.CensusBureautellsusthatin1999,theaverageincomeforamaleaged25oroverwhoholdsabachelor’sdegreewasabout$61,000,comparedtoabout$32,000foramalewithahigh-schooldiploma.Sothecollegegraduate’sincomewasabout$29,000moreannuallythanthehigh-schoolgrad’s.Andincomesofthosewithonlyahigh-schooleducationaresinkingsteadilylower.Part2AsYouReadTextBNow,unfortunately,womenstillmakelessmoneythanmendo,butthenewsforfemaleswhochoosehighereducationistrulyphenomenal.Ina1997study,youngwomenwhohadcompletedabachelor’sdegreeorahigheroneearned91percentmorethanyoungwomenwithnomorethanahigh-schooldiploma.Acollegeeducationisanextraordinarilyprofitableinvestment.Everydollarspentonayoungman’scollegeeducationproduces$34.85intheincreasedlifetimeincome.AnyWallStreetstockbrokerwouldenvythatkindofinvestmentyield.Collegemaybeexpensive,buttheonlythingmoreexpensivethangettingacollegeeducationisnotgettingone.Theincomedifferentialempowersyoutomakechoicesthatenrichyourlife.Unlikemostpurchases,acollegeeducationappreciatesinvalueinsteadofdepreciating.Anddon’tforgetthattherearewaystogetaroundthehighcost—scholarships,financialaid,communitycolleges,andemergingchoicesindistancelearningthatcanenableyoutotakeclassesonyourcomputer.Part2AsYouReadTextBJohnG.Ramsay,aprofessoratthePerlmanCenterforLearningandTeaching,saidthatthecredentialsyougainwithacollegeeducation“areaboutsettingyourselfapart—beingemployableandbecomingalegitimatecandidateforajobwithafuture.Theyareaboutclimbingoutofthedead-endjobmarket,andachievingoneoflife’smostdifficultdevelopmentaltasks:theindependencefromone’sparents.Strongcredentialstriggerthatmagicalsetofmiddleclass‘firsts,’”Ramsaysaid:“Thefirstreal-worldjob,thefirstnon-studentapartment,thefirstnewcar,andofcourse,thefirstloanpayments.Weakcredentialscanbepainfulremindersofastringofmisfortunes:pooradvice,moneyproblems,baddecisions,andwastedtime.”Next,qualityoflife.Isthereanyonewhowouldn’tliketolivealonger,healthierlife?Studiesshowthat,comparedtohigh-schoolgraduates,collegegraduateshave:?longerlifespans?betteraccesstohealthcare?betterdietaryandhealthpracticesPart2AsYouReadTextB?greatereconomicstabilityandsecurity?moreprestigiousemploymentandgreaterjobsatisfaction?lessdependencyongovernmentassistance?greateruseofseatbelts?morecontinuingeducation?greaterInternetaccess?greaterattendanceatliveperformances?greaterparticipationinleisureandartisticactivities?morebookpurchaseshighervotingrates?greaterknowledgeofgovernment?greatercommunityserviceandleadership?morevolunteerworkPart2AsYouReadTextB?moreself-confidence?andlesscriminalactivityandincarceration.Thirdly,moremoneyandgreaterqualityoflifearen’ttheonlyreasonsforacollegeeducation.MarianWrightEdelman,thedirectorofChildren’sDefenseFund,cautionedthat“Onceyouhavethatcollegediplomainhand,neverworkjustformoneyorpower.Theywon’tsaveyoursoul,buildadecentfamilyorhelpyousleepatnight.”CubanpatriotJoseMartioncewrote:“Studentsaretherampartsandthestrongestarmyoffreedom.Whenlibertyisindanger,anewspaperthreatened,aballotboxinperil,thestudentsunite...Andarminarmtheygothroughthestreetsdemandingjustice,ortheyrunprintingpressesincellarsforwhattheycannotsay.”Institutionsofhigherlearningcontinuetobeamongthebestvenuesforcultivatingsocialchange.Part2AsYouReadTextBThefourthpointisthatacollegeeducationisalegacyforyourchildren.Theideaofhavingchildrenmaybeasremotetoyouastheinternationalspacestation,but,trustus,yourcollegeeducationwillbenefityourchildren.Researchshowsthatchildrenofcollege-educatedparentsarehealthier,performbetteracademically,andaremorelikelytoattendcollegethemselvesthanchildrenofthosewithlowereducationalattainment.Youreducationbuildsafoundationforyourchildren,forournation’schildren,andforthechildrenofourglobalcommunity.Inourinformation-drivenglobaleconomy,therelationshipbetweenacollegeeducationandsuccesswillbecomemoreandmoresignificant.Highereducationwillbeincreasinglyimportantforlandingwell-paidjobs.Part2AsYouReadTextBTechnologyandtheinformationagearenottheonlyreasonstobewelleducated.Thetrendistowardmultiplejobsandevenmultiplecareers,andhighereducationpreparesyoutomakethetransitionstonewfields.Whatmorecouldyouaskofyourinvestmentinhighereducationthanprosperity,qualityoflife,theknowledgethatbolsterssocialchange,alegacyforyourchildren,andthemeanstoensurethecontinuingsuccessofyourfuturelife?Part2ReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.1. Thisreadingisprimarilyconcernedwith________.A. ThecostofacollegeeducationB. ThevalueofacollegeeducationC. TheconfusionpeoplefacetowardsacollegeeducationD. HowacollegeeducationcanbenefitthesocietyTextBPart22. What’stheauthor’spositiononacollegeeducation?A. Collegeeducationcanhelpyoulandawell-paidjob.B. Receivinghighereducationbenefitsnotonlyyouyourself,butalsoyourchildren.C. Acollegeeducationcanhelpthesocietychangeforthebetter.D. Acollegeeducationisagoodinvestmentbecauseitcanmakeyouabetterpersonindifferentways.TextBReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.Part23. Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“…theonlythingmoreexpensivethangettingacollegeeducationisnotgettingone”?A. Acollegeeducationisincreasinglyexpensiveandithasbecomeaburdenonthestudents.B. Althoughacollegeeducationisverycostly,youcanstillfindsomewaystogetaroundthehighcost.C. Despitethehighcost,youstillneedacollegeeducationbecauseitwillhelpyouearnmoreinthefuture.D. Noneoftheabove.TextBReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.Part24. AccordingtoJohnG.Ramsay,________.A. Acollegeeducationwillmakeyouasuperiorpersontothosewithoutit.B. ThecredentialsyouearnwithacollegeeducationwillhelpyouenjoyacompetitiveedgeinthejobmarketC. Peoplewithstrongcredentialsareconsideredwinners,andthosewithweakcredentialsarelosersD. Alltheabove.TextBReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.Part25. WhydidMarianWrightEdelmanwarnthecollegegradsnevertoworkjustformoneyorpoweroncetheyhavegainedthecollegediploma?A. Becausemoneyandpoweralonecannotguaranteepeaceandhappinessinyourlife.B. Becausetheincarceration,drugaddiction,andchildpovertyratesintheUSareamongthehighestonesintheindustrializedworld.C. Becausepeopleconfuselegalitywithmorality.D. Becausesomepeopletradetheirconsciencewithmoneyandpower.TextBReadingComprehensionDirections:Skimthetextandcheckyourunderstanding.Phrases&Expressionsbachelor['b?t??l?]n.學(xué)士diploma [d?'pl??m?]n.畢業(yè)文憑，學(xué)位證書(shū)Postsecondary['p?ust'sek?nd?ri]adj.高等教育的phenomenal[f?'n?m?nl]adj.非凡的，顯著的investment[?n'vestm?nt]n.投資depreciate[d?'pri:??e?t]vi.貶值，跌價(jià)credential[kr?'den?l]n.文憑candidate