2024年人教版高一英語同步講義（必修第三冊）Unit 4 Space Exploration：Period 1 Reading and Thinking（學案）（原卷版）

Book3Unit4SpaceExplorationPeriod1ReadingandThinking001預(yù)習導(dǎo)學Ⅰ.單詞認讀關(guān)(先填后記誦)基礎(chǔ)詞匯記其形1.回收利用___________________________ 2.肌肉，實力，影響力___________________3.缺乏，短缺__________________________ 4.否則，要不然________________________5.在更遠處，超出______________________ 6.當前的，水流，電流，思潮______________7.足夠的，充足的_____________________ 8.毛巾，抹布__________________________9.紙巾，（細胞的）組織__________________10.設(shè)施，設(shè)備_________________________二、核心詞匯記中變____________adj．有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的(=________=_________=_________=_________)→_____________n.智力；才智；智慧____________adj．有決心的；意志堅定的→_____________vt.查明；確定；決定→_____________n.決心____________n．（政府的）專門機構(gòu)；服務(wù)機構(gòu)；代理處→_____________n.（企業(yè)、政治等的）代理人，經(jīng)紀人___________adj.失望的；沮喪的→___________adj.令人失望的→___________vt.使失望→_____________n.失望?________vt.使抑郁;使沮喪_____________adv．獨立地；自立地→_____________adj．獨立的；自立的→____________n.獨立→____________adj.依靠的，依賴的→____________n.信賴，依賴→___________v.依靠；依賴?短語：依賴，依靠：_______/______/______/___________/_______________vt.＆vi.標志著;標明;發(fā)信號n.信號；標志→_________n.跡象；手勢v.簽（名）；打手勢→___________n.簽名,簽字____________vt．回收利用;再利用→____________n.再循環(huán)→_________n.循環(huán);自行車vt.使循環(huán);使輪轉(zhuǎn)vi.騎自行車;循環(huán);輪轉(zhuǎn)___________adj．當前的；現(xiàn)在的n.水流；電流；思潮→___________adv.現(xiàn)時；目前；當前；時下=____________=______________________n．地球；世界；地球儀→____________adj．全球的；全世界的→_____________v.使全球化→____________n.全球化__________vt．＆vi．論證；爭辯；爭論→_____________n.爭論；爭吵；論點?注意:argue變成名詞需要去____再加_______三、閱讀詞匯識其義1.solaradj.____________2.universen.____________3.giantadj.____________n.____________4.oxygenn.____________5.monitorn.____________vt.____________6.agencyn.____________7.transmitvt.&vi.____________8.datan.[pl.]____________9.spacecraftn.____________10.currentadj.____________n.____________11.sufficientadj.____________12.facilityn.____________13.patternn.____________14.high-endadj.____________Ⅱ.語塊記誦關(guān)(先填后記誦)1.最后_____________________________________2.所以，結(jié)果(是)_____________________________________3.在（宇宙飛船/船/飛機）上_____________________________________4.耗盡，用完_____________________________________5.養(yǎng)活他的家人_____________________________________6.弄清楚_____________________________________7.導(dǎo)致，造成_____________________________________8.繼續(xù)做，堅持干_____________________________________9.為了_____________________________________10.太陽系_____________________________________11.相信_____________________________________12.專注于_____________________________________13.各種各樣的_____________________________________14.與某人爭吵_____________________________________15.成功做……_____________________________________16.提供生活所需_____________________________________17.在……方面取得進步_____________________________________18.抱著……的希望_____________________________________Ⅲ.佳句賞析關(guān)(先賞后譯).[教材原文]...YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.【難句剖析】____________________________________【翻譯】____________________________________[教材原文]Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.【難句剖析】____________________________________【翻譯】____________________________________002語篇理解Step1Pre-readingBeforeyoureadthepassage，lookatthetitleandthephotos，thendiscussthesequestions.Predict:SPACE：THEFINALFRONTIERFrontier：(1)__________，whichmightmeanhuman’s(2)_____________________________________.Chinesemeaning：(3)___________________Fromthetitleandthephotos,wecanknowthatthetextmightbeabout(4)_________________________________.Soitmaybea(n)(5)________________________.Step2While-readingTask1:Fastreading1).Severalsentenceshavebeenremovedfromthetext.Readthesentencesandthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Thenreadthetextandchoosethecorrectsentence(A~D)tofilleachgap.A.Althoughscientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.B.Theyalsoreallywishtodiscoverotherplanetsthataresuitableenoughtosupportlife.C.Thefutureofspaceexplorationremainsbright.D.Aftermanyexperiments,theysucceededinmakingrocketsthatcouldescapeEarth’sgravity.Summarizethemainideawitheachparagraph.Para1:_________________________________________________________________________Para2:_________________________________________________________________________Para3:_________________________________________________________________________Para4:_________________________________________________________________________Para5:_________________________________________________________________________Task2:IntensivereadingReadpara.1anddiscussthefollowingquestions.(1)Whatdopeoplewanttodowhenlookingupatthestars?_________________________________________________________________________(2)Whydoscientistsmakevehicles?_________________________________________________________________________2.Choosetherighteventtocompletethetimeline.A.

AmericanVoyager1waslaunchedtostudydeepspaceanditstilltransmitsdatatoday.B.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.C.Chinahasmadeprogress,suchassendingpeopleintospaceandvehiclesontothemoonandcompletingtheChinesespacewalk.D.

TheSputnik1satellitelaunchedbytheUSSRsuccessfullyorbitedaroundEarth.E.Europe,theUS,andChinaplantoexploreplanetslikeMarsandJupiter.F.Mostpeoplethoughtitwasimpossibletotravelintospace.G.AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsteppedontothemoon.Readpara.3andanswerthequestions.(1)Whydidthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdie?_________________________________________________________________________(2)WhatdoestheinternationalSpaceStationdo?_________________________________________________________________________(1)Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexploration.(2)ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard,providingacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace.4.Readpara.4anddothematch.Vehicles Missions1.Shenzhou52.Shenzhou63.Shenzhou74.JadeRabbit5.Tiangong26.Tianzhou17.Chang'e4 A.Studiedthesurfaceofthemoon.B.Furtheredtheestablishmentofaspacestation.C.Completedasecondmannedorbit.D.Exploredthesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoon.E.Independentlysenthumansintospace.F.CompletedthefirstChinesespacewalk.G.DockedwithTiangong2.5.Readpara.5andchoosethecorrectanswer.1.Whatattitudedoyouthinktheauthorholdstothefutureofspaceexploration?A.worried B.supportive C.doubtful D.opposedStep3Post-readingWhatdoesthetitle“Space:TheFinalFrontier”meantoyou?Shareyourideaswiththewholeclass._________________________________________________________________________Whatarethebenefitsanddrawbacksofspaceexploration?_________________________________________________________________________003語言學習Part1核心詞匯1.【詞匯拓展】_________adj.有決心的；堅決的→_________n.決心【常用搭配】determinetodosth.決定做某事(強調(diào)動作)determineon/upon(doing)sth.就(做)某事做出決定bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事(強調(diào)狀態(tài))determinethat...決定……【即學即練】1.Nomatterwhathappens,shehasdetermined_________(tell)thetruth.2.Iamdetermined_________(make)useofmysparetimetodoexercise.3._______(determine)tolookafterhisparentswell,hemovedtolivewiththem.4.Ihavedeterminedon______(go)tothecountrysideaftergraduation.5.我已決定畢業(yè)后到農(nóng)村支教。I_____________________________avolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.2.【詞匯拓展】_________vt.使失望;使沮喪;使(希望、計劃等)落空;挫敗→_________adj.失望的；沮喪的→_________adj.令人失望的；掃興的→_________n.(不可數(shù))失望;挫折【常用搭配】(be)disappointedat/about/with對……感到失望(be)disappointedtodosth對做某事感到失望(be)disappointedthat從句對……感到失望toone'sdisappointment令人失望的是【即學即練】1.Hewas______________(disappoint)thatotherguestswerenotcoming.2.I'mreallydisappointed____________you,Tom.3.Iwasdisappointed___________notfindingherathome.4.Hewasdisappointed_______(learn)thathisapplicationwasrefused.5.他沒有通過考試，這個令人掃興的消息讓我們感到非常失望。Thedisappointingnewsthathefailedtheexam______________________.6.讓我們非常失望的是,這次旅行天天下雨。__________________________,itrainedeverydayduringthetrip.3.【詞匯拓展】_________n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→_________adj.想要的；可取的；值得擁有的【常用搭配】haveastrongdesiretodosth.迫切想要做某事haveastrongdesireforsth.急于想得到某物desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……【知識拓展】desire不用于進行時態(tài)。意為“期望”時，后接賓語從句，賓語從句中的謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣?！炯磳W即練】1.Ihadastrongdesire______(reach)inandplaywiththetoy,butwasheldbackthankfullybytheshopwindow.2.It'sourdesire________youshouldprovidesomemoneytofundourprogram,aswellasofferussomepracticalsuggestions.3.Wealwaysdesire_________(live)inpeacewithourneighbours.4.Wedesirethatimmediatehelp________(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.4.【詞匯拓展】_________adj.依靠的，依賴的→_________n.獨立；自主→_________adv.獨立地；自立地【常用搭配】beindependentof獨立于；不受……約束gainindependence(from)(脫離……)獲得獨立bedependenton依靠，依賴dependon(＝relyon)依靠，依賴【即學即練】1.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadlived________________(independent).2.警方應(yīng)該不受政府的直接控制。Thepoliceforce________________________directgovernmentcontrol.3.這個國家在1960年完全獨立于英國，當時人們無法掩飾他們的激動之情。Thecountry____________________Britainin1960，whenpeoplecouldn'thidetheirexcitement.4.航班什么時候起飛在很大程度上取決于天氣。Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoff___________________.5.signalvt.&vi.標志著；標明；發(fā)信號n．信號；標志【常用搭配】asignalforsbtodosth一個讓某人做某事的信號signaltosbtodosth向某人示意做某事signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal(sb.)that示意……signal...tosb.向某人示意……trafficsignals交通信號燈【即學即練】1.She_________(signal)thatshewasabouttoturnleft.2.Mymotherissignallingtome_______(remove)thetable.3.當我把手指放在嘴唇上時，那是讓你們安靜的信號。WhenIputmyfingertomylips,________________________.4.警察向來往車輛打信號，示意緩慢前行。Thepolice_______________________moveforwardslowly.6.【詞匯拓展】_________n．缺乏；短缺vt.沒有；缺乏→_________adj.短缺的；缺乏的【常用搭配】lacksth.缺少某物alackof...……的缺乏forlackof...因缺乏……h(huán)avenolackof...不缺乏……belackingin缺乏；缺少【即學即練】1.缺乏鍛煉讓你身體虛弱，容易遭受疾病的侵襲。_______________________exerciseleavesyourbodywearandeasilyaffectedbydisease.2.因為缺乏空間，在大城市里越來越多的高樓大廈已經(jīng)被建造。Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltitbigcities____________________space. 3.吉姆的真正問題是他缺乏自信。Jim'srealproblemisthathe_________________________.4.缺少知識的處境比黑夜更黑暗。_________________________isdarkerthannight.disappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的→_______________adj.令人失望的→_______________vt.使失望→_________________n.失望bedisappointedat/about/withsth.對……感到失望bitterlydisappointed透心涼；心寒【即學即練】Iwasvery_____________(disappoint)withmyself.我對自己感到非常失望。Theconclusionofthebookwas_____________(disappoint).這部書的結(jié)尾令人失望。Ihate______________(disappoint)you,butI'mjustnotinterested.我不想使你掃興，但我確實不感興趣。Toourgreat_________________(disappoint),itrainedeverydayofthetrip.這次旅行天天下雨，讓我們大失所望。keenadj.熱衷的；渴望的→_________adv.敏銳地；強烈地；銳利地bekeentodosth.渴望做某事bekeenforsb.todosth.極力要求某人做某事bekeenon(doing)sth.喜歡/熱衷于（做）某事bekeenonsb.喜愛某人Frenchmen______________art.Theymusthaveapreferenceforartisticgifts.法國人崇尚藝術(shù)，他們一定喜歡藝術(shù)性強的禮品吧They'll_______________enhancetheirreputationabroad.他們會非常渴望提高他們在國外的聲譽。Parentsarealwayskeen______theirchildrentobesuccessful,makingtheirchildrenverystressful.父母總是渴望子女出人頭地，這讓孩子壓力很大。_______________learning,goodatcommunicating,courageousinundertaking,andbraveininnovating.樂于學習，善于溝通，敢于承擔，勇于創(chuàng)新。Sheremained___________(keen)interestedininternationalaffairs.她一直對國際事務(wù)有強烈的興趣。Part2核心句型(教材P40)Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后來，蘇聯(lián)集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上第一個進入太空的人。(1)當中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級等修飾時或前有thenext、theonly、thelast等時，常用不定式作后置定語；(2)動詞不定式作定語用來修飾的詞多是抽象名詞，常見的有ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。[佳句背誦]BeijinghasbecomethefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympicGames.北京成為第一個同時舉辦夏季和冬季奧運會的城市。[練會]——單句語法填空①Mymotheristhefirstwomaninhervillage_____________(receive)higheducation.②AsfarasIknow，Amywastheonlyperson_____________(witness)thecaraccident.③It'ssaidthatshehastheability_____________(do)thechallengingworkwell.[寫美]——完成句子④她是一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)紅人，也是第一個海外粉絲突破千萬的中國視頻博主(vlogger)。Sheisanonlinecelebrity，whoisalso_______________________________________overseas.(教材P42)Forexample,usingcurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyearstogettotheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.例如，使用當前的技術(shù)，到達最近的行星——火星，之后再返回將需要花費兩年多的時間。Ittakes...todosth.做某事需要……spendsometime(in)doingsth.花費時間做某事[佳句背誦](1)However,ittookmeseveraldaystoadjusttothelifeofthemountainvillage.然而，我花了好幾天的時間來適應(yīng)這個山村的生活。(2)Engineersspentmuchtimeandenergydevelopingbrilliantsolutions.工程師們花費很多時間和精力來開發(fā)完美的解決方案。[練會]——單句語法填空①Ittookhimalongtime_____________(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.②Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftime_____________(visit)thepoor.[寫美]——完成句子③說實話，說出真相需要很大的勇氣。Tobehonest,_______________________________________.004隨堂小練Part1動詞的形式變化和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換Witha(determine)look,shemovedforward,openingthedoorandsteppinginside.(disappoint)atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutitwithhisparents.3．Peoplesaythat18marksanewchapterinourlives,andthatweshouldbecomemore(dependence).4．Weheadedtothegirl,(signal)toherthatshecouldtakepartinthecampaign.5．Havingtheopportunitytoworkwouldmakeretirementmore(intelligent)formanyseniorcitizens.6．It’sabadloss,butIwas(mental)tough.7．Itisfortunatethathehasbeenchosen(represent)ourschooltocompetewithotherstudentsinthecontest.8．Suchwarnings(keep)awayfromfireshouldbetakenseriously.9．Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstone(get)up.10．Thecompanyresearchedthemarketdemandanddecided(launch)theirnewproducts.Part2課文語法填空Peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace.Beforethemid--20thcentury，mostpeoplefelt1.__________(travel)intospacewasanimpossibledream.However,2.____thehelpofscientists，peoplesucceededinrealisingtheirdream3.__________(explore)space.On4October1957，theSputnik1satellite4.____________(launch)bytheUSSR.5.________scientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong，accidentscanstillhappen.Thesedisastersmadeeveryone6.____________(disappoint)，butpeoplestillbelieveintheimportanceof7.________(carry)onspaceexploration.In2003，Chinabecamethethirdcountryto8._____________(independent)sendhumansintospace.ThenShenzhou6and7completed9.___secondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk.Inspiteofthedifficulties，scientistshopefuture10.___________(discovery)willnotonlyenableustounderstandtheuniversebutalsohelpussurvivewellintothefuture.005培優(yōu)提升閱讀理解AAlongwitharisingnumberofspacemissionsbygovernmentagenciesandprivateindustries,comesafreshsetofproblemsforEarth:potentiallydangerousspacejunk.ArecentstudypublishedinthescientificjournalNatureAstronomyconcluded“thatcurrentpracticeshavea10percentchanceofoneormoredeathsoveradecade”.Inotherwords,accordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofVictoriaandtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,there’sroughlyaone-in-tenchancethatthenextdecadewillwitnessfallingspacejunkkillsomeone.Thespacejunkorbitingtheearthisanunfortunateby-productofourdesiretoexploreanddocumentspace.Accordingto2021figuresfromNASAandtheDepartmentofDefense’sSpaceSurveillanceData,theagencieswereactivelytrackingmorethan27,000piecesofspacejunk,mostofwhicharelargerthanasoftballandthatcasuallyorbittheplanet.Whilethefloatingspacejunkiscertainlyaproblem,notalltheobjectsthatwentupmustcomedown,and,infact,anumberofpiecessimplyburnupintheatmosphere.Butsometimesthoseobjects,particularlylargeoneslikeusedrocketattachments,giveintogravityandfallbackdowntoEarthtobedealtwithonceagainbytheirhumanmakers.Typically,peopledon’tdieorevengetinjuredbythisphenomenon—manyofthefallingpiecescrashintotheocean.Theyalsohavetodealwiththeunsettlingfeelingofknowingthatlargerocketpiecescanjustfallfromtheskyandthatitmightaffectpeopleincertainpartsoftheworldmorethanothers.Thisposesanobvioussafetyrisktopeopleontheground.“WhensomelargepartsofspacejunkreturntoEarth,thepartsoftheirmasssurvivetheheatofatmosphere.Manyofthesurvivingpiecesarepotentiallydangerous,givingseriousrisksonland,atsea,andtopeopleinairplanes,”thestudyexplains.1．WhatistheconclusionofthestudypublishedinNatureAstronomy?A．Peoplewillseespacejunkeasilyinthefuture.B．Governmentagenciesandprivateindustrieswilldevelopfast.C．Somepeoplemaybehittodeathbyobjectsfromthespace.D．Therewillbea10percentchanceforhumantodiein10years.2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A．Normallyweshouldnotworryaboutspacejunk.B．Thelargespacejunkwillpollutetheocean.C．Thefloatingspacejunkwillcomedownfinally.D．Thespacejunkwillgetburntinthesky.3．Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingpartofthetext?A．Howtofindspacejunk.B．Howtodealwithspacejunk.C．Howtoinformpeopleofthedanger.D．Howtoavoidthedangerofspacejunk.4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．SpaceJunkCausesPollutionB．HowtoTakeBackSpaceJunkC．ExploringSpaceTakesinUnfortunateResultsD．SpaceJunkPutsPeopleatRiskBAstronautstravelinginspacemeetformsofradiation(輻射)thatareuncommononEarth.Someofthisradiationhasbeenshowntobeharmfultohumanhealth.Itislinkedtocancersandheartproblems.YetanewAmericanstudysuggeststheradiationdoesnotshortenastronauts’lives.Researchersstudiednearly60yearsofhealthrecordsandotherdataaboutmaleastronautsfromtheUnitedStates.Theythencomparedthisdatawithinformationaboutagroupofmenwhoareingoodhealth,richerthanmostAmericansandreceivegoodhealthcare—professionalathletes.Thestudyfoundthatneithergrouphashigherratesofdyingatayoungage.Infact,bothgroupsgenerallylivelongerthanotherAmericans.Astronautsareusuallywell-educated,earnmoremoneyandareinbetterphysicalconditionsthantheaverageAmericans.Someearlierresearchhaslinkedbeinganastronauttoalowerriskofearlydeath,theresearchersnoted.ThefindingswerereportedinthemedicaljournalOccupational&EnvironmentalMedicine.Muchoftheexistingresearchonmortalityrates(死亡率)inastronautshasnotyetexploredthementalandphysicaldemandsofthisjob.Therealsohasnotbeenalotofresearchonwhetherastronautsshowwhatisknownasthe“healthyworkereffect”.Thiseffectleadspeoplewithemploymentofanykindtohavefewermedicalproblemsthanpeoplewhoareunabletowork,saidRobertReynolds.Reynoldssaid,“Thechallengehasalwaysbeentounderstandifastronautsareashealthyastheywouldbeiftheyhadnevergonetospaceatall.Todothis,weneedtofindagroupthatiscomparableonseveralimportantfactors(因素).”Consideringthesimilarphysicalrequirements,agroupofathletesareselected.Astheresultsuggests,beingexposedtoradiationdoesn’tleadtoanearlydeathforastronauts.5．Howdidresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?A．Bydoinginterviews. B．Byanalyzingsomefactors.C．Bycomparingdifferentdata. D．Bydoingexperimentsinthelab.6．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Allradiationisharmfultohumanhealth.B．AthletestendtobepoorerthanmostAmericans.C．Healthyworkereffectmakesworkingpeoplehealthier.D．Researchhasexploredthementalandphysicaldemandsofbeingastronauts.7．Whyareathleteschosenasacomparativegroupinthestudy?A．Theyworkindifferentfields.B．Theybothneedtobehealthyenough.C．Theyreceivethesamedietsandexercise.D．Theysufferfromthesa