2024-2025學年新教材高中英語課時素養(yǎng)檢測十八Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod2含解析新人教版必修第一冊

PAGE7-課時素養(yǎng)檢測十八Unit4Period2Ⅰ.閱讀理解AForthepastweek,hundredsoffirefightershavebeenbattlingawildfirethatstartedonMarch26inthemountainssouthwestofDenver,Colorado.Thefirequicklyburnedthrough4,140acresofland—anareathesizeofmorethan3,000footballfields.Itkilledthreepeople,destroyedatleast25houses,andforcedhundredsofpeopletoevacuateInvestigationshavefoundthatthefirewaslikelycausedbyacontrolledburnstartedoneweekearlierbytheColoradoStateForestService(CSFS).Acontrolledburnisafireignited(點燃)byprofessionalstoclearthegroundofbuilt-upfuel—suchasdeadwood,thicklayersofpineneedles,andovercrowdedtrees—thatcancausedangerouswildfires.HundredsofcontrolledburnshavebeensafelymanagedinColoradoforestsoverthepastfewmonths.Fireprofessionalstakemanymeasurestomakesurethatburnscanbecontrolled.Beforestartingaburn,theprofessionalslookcarefullyatweatherforecasts,howclosethefirewillbetohousesandroads,andotherfactors.Theyplanhowtheywilligniteandcontainthefireandarrangeforresourcessuchasfiretrucksandfirefighterstobepresent.CSFSofficialssayfirecrewsfollowedallsafetyproceduresbeforestartingthecontrolledburnnearDenveronMarch19.Thefiredieddownfourdayslater.ButonMarch26,highwindsblewembers(余燼)ontounburnedland,startingthedeadlyflame.Unusuallywarmtemperaturesanddryconditionshelpeditspread.Firecrewsnowhavetheflamealmostfullycontained,andmostfamilieshavebeenallowedtoreturntotheirhomes.ColoradoGovernorJohnHickenlooperhasissuedatemporarybanoncontrolledburnsonstatelandandhascalledforacompletereviewoftherulesforthesetypesoffires.【語篇概述】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了發(fā)生在科羅拉多州丹佛市西南山區(qū)的一次大火引發(fā)的自然災難,并分析了起火的緣由及滅火狀況。1.Inthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“evacuate”canbereplacedby“______”.

A.buildB.protectC.leaveD.watch【解析】選C。詞義揣測題。依據第一段的內容可知美國的科羅拉多州丹佛市西南部的山區(qū)發(fā)生火災,大火導致3人死亡,至少25處房屋被毀,幾百人被迫離開他們的家園。故evacuate意為“疏散;離開”。2.Accordingtothepassage,CSFSofficialsmayagreethat______.

A.theweatherfactorwasblamedforthefireB.firecrews’carelessnessledtothefireC.burningwoodintheforestwillbebannedD.firefightersshouldbepresentwhentheburnwasstarted【解析】選A。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據倒數其次段最終兩句可知山火的緣由很可能是大風、高溫柔干燥。故科羅拉多州林務局的官員認為這次火災要歸咎于天氣。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Hundredsofpeoplewereinjuredinthewildfire.B.Thewildfirewasanunexpectedevent.C.Nomeasuresweretakentocontroltheburn.D.Thewildfirehasbeencompletelyputout.【解析】選D。推理推斷題。依據最終一段第一句的內容可知此次山火得到了完全遏制,市民可以返回家園了。4.Wherecanthearticleprobablyappear?A.InaTVguide. B.Inanewspaper.C.Inasciencebook. D.Inatourbooklet.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。文章主要介紹了發(fā)生在科羅拉多州丹佛市西南山區(qū)的一次大火引發(fā)的自然災難并分析了起火的緣由及滅火狀況。故文章可能是新聞報道。BScientiststhinkthataweatherpatterncalledElNino(厄爾尼諾現象)causedthedroughtinAustralia.ElNinocausesdifferentweatherindifferentpartsoftheworld.Itcausesalotofrainandfloodsinsomeplaces.Itcausesdroughtsinotherplaces.Droughtscanbadlyaffectpeopleandtheland.ElNinolastsaboutayear.Innormalweatherconditions,warmwindsfromSouthAmericablowfromeasttowestacrossthePacificOcean.ThewindsearlytakestormstoAustralia.ThesestormsbringraintoAustralia.DuringanElNinoweatherpattern,thewindschangedirection.TheyblowfromwesttoeastacrossthePacificOcean.ThestormsnolongermoveacrossAustralia.SoAustraliagetsverylittlerainduringElNino.ThedroughtbeganinJanuary,1982.ElNinooftenoccursatthistimeofyear.Butthatyear,ElNinowasstrongerthanusual.TherewasverylittlerainfallineasternAustralia.Therewasalsoverylittlewaterintherivers.ThedroughtwasatitsworstinFebruary,1983.Atthattime,theweatherwasveryhot.Theforestsandfieldswereverydry.Cottongrowerscouldn’tplanttheircotton.Sheepfarmershadnograssfortheiranimalstoeat.Somanyofthemdied.Becausetheforestsweredry,forestfiresstartedquickly.Someofthefiresburnedforamonth.Manyforestsweredestroyed.Over2,000peoplelosttheirhousesinthefiresand75peopledied.TheAustraliandroughtof1982～1983affectedthousandsofpeopleandanimals.Thedroughtcostthecountryover$3,000,000,000.Itwasareminder(提示)toAustraliansofhowtheweathercouldchangetheirlives.【語篇概述】本文是一篇報道。文章講的是發(fā)生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亞的干旱自然災難。5.FromthepassageweknowElNinois______.

A.aweathertype B.apowerfulstormC.aplaceinAustralia D.akindofwarmwind【解析】選A。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段第一句可知ElNino是一種天氣現象。6.WhichdirectiondoesthewindcomefrominAustralia’sElNinoweatherpattern?A.Fromeast. B.Fromwest.C.Fromsouth. D.Fromnorth.【解析】選B。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段第一、二句可知在澳大利亞的厄爾尼諾天氣下,風是從西向東吹的。7.HowlongdidthedroughtinAustralialast?A.About3months. B.Lessthanhalfayear.C.Morethanoneyear. D.Morethantwoyears.【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第四段中的第一句“ThedroughtbeganinJanuary,1982.”和第六句“ThedroughtwasatitsworstinFebruary,1983.”可知這次干旱至少持續(xù)了一年零一個月。再結合第一段最終一句可知厄爾尼諾現象一般會持續(xù)一年左右。8.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.AdroughthappenedinSouthAmerica.B.AustraliagotmuchrainduringElNino.C.ElNinochangedtheAustralian’slife.D.ElNinocausedagreatdroughtinAustralia.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。依據文章第一句和最終兩段的內容可知本文主要講的是發(fā)生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亞的干旱。Ⅱ.完形填空Itwasacold,wetdayonJune6,when14-year-oldWasanaarrivedatschool.Waitingoutsidehisclassroomforhisclassmatestoarrive,Wasanastaredaimlessly1thepouringrain.Thenhis2felluponthehillthatstandatthebackoftheclassroom.

He3hugeamountsofrainwaterflowingdownthehill,andwaterwasalsobubbling(冒泡)atthebaseofalargerockonthehill.Forafew4,Wasanalookedatthewater,wonderingwhyitlooked5familiar.

Thenit6him—thescenewassurprisingly7tothepictureshewasshownduringDisasterManagementclasses.8adisasterwasabouttohappen,Wasanawaved9atstudents,shouting“Run,run,don’tstayhere!Therocksonthehillaregoingto10Allthestudentsandteachersrantotheopenareathathadbeen11asanemergencygatheringpoint.12,theyheardscreamsasthehugerockrolleddownthehill,bringingsand,rockandmud.Therewas13theycoulddobutwatchtheearthburyanentireschool.

ThankstoWasana’squickactionandcarefulobservation,14washurtintheincident.Wasanalater15【語篇概述】Wasana看到山上的雨水聚集的驚奇景象,從而聯想到在災難管理課程上學到的學問,預知一場山體滑坡即將發(fā)生,并剛好向同學和老師發(fā)出警告,讓大家撤離到平安地帶。1.A.at B.on C.toD.in【解析】選A。stareat盯著……看。2.A.thoughts B.eyes C.words D.voices【解析】選B。one’seyesfellon/uponsomething目光落在……之上。句意:然后,他的目光落在了教室后面的那座山上。3.A.thought B.looked C.noticed D.heard【解析】選C。依據句意“他留意到有大量的雨水從山上流下來,而且山上的一塊大石頭的底部也不斷地有雨水咕嘟地冒出來。”可知選C,notice留意到。4.A.times B.minutes C.hours D.periods【解析】選B。此處表示,有幾分鐘,Wasana盯著(山上的)那些水,新奇(這個場景)為何看起來如此熟識。5.A.so B.such C.too D.like【解析】選A。依據句意得知,Wasana新奇(這個場景)為何看起來如此(so)熟識,強調以前似乎看過。6.A.hit B.drove C.pushed D.stopped【解析】選A。ithitsb.某人突然想起某事,固定用法。然后他突然想起——這個場景與他在DisasterManagement課程上所看到的圖片是很相像的。7.A.strange B.rare C.terrible D.similar【解析】選D。依據上下文可知,這個場景與他在災難管理課程上所看到的圖片是很相像的。8.A.Rejecting B.Fearing C.Scaring D.Avoiding【解析】選B。看到這個場景之后,Wasana應當是膽怯 (山體滑坡)災難可能會發(fā)生,所以他瘋狂地揮動著手臂,警告其他人,快跑!快跑!不要待在這里!山上的石頭就要滾落下來,會砸到我們的!故選Fearing,作伴隨狀語。9.A.angrily B.sadly C.excitedly D.wildly【解析】選D。一觸即發(fā)之際,Wasana當然是瘋狂地(wildly)揮動著手臂。10.A.beat B.move C.fall D.dive【解析】選C。這句話的主語是“Therocksonthehill”,所以表達的是山上的石頭很可能會滾落下來。11.A.putaway B.setasideC.broughtforth D.takenapart【解析】選B。依據句意“全部的學生和老師(馬上)跑到外面的一個空曠地區(qū),這個地方是早就“留出”作應急之用的聚集場所?！笨芍?用setaside“(為以后的某種用途)留出”。putaway收起,將……放回原處;bringforth生,引起;takeapart拆卸,拆開。12.A.Just