2024年人教版高二英語講義（選擇性必第三冊）Unit 1 Art：Period 3 Grammar-Infinitives(2) as the predicative（學案）（原卷版）

Unit1ArtPeriodThreeGrammar—Infinitives(2)asthepredicative■觀察todo在句子中的成分及其各種形式1.Itisterribletoseetheshipsinkingintothesea.（成分：）2.Doyouthinkitnecessaryforustolearntowait?（成分：）3.Theoldman’sjobistotakecareoftheflowersinthegarden.（成分：）4.Hetoldmenottobringyouanything.（成分：）5.InmydreamsIalwayshaveverydifficultjobstodo.（成分：）6.Inhisthirdyear,heleftHarvardtoworkforacompanycalledMicrosoft.（成分：）7.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.（形式：）8.AIDSissaidtohavebeenthebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.（形式：）9.Hurryup!Heissuretobewaitingforus.（形式：）語法精析動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語等，但不能作謂語。本單元主要復習動詞不定式作表語的用法。一、按todo在句中的用法動詞不定式可以放在be，become，sound，taste等系動詞后面作表語。具體用法如下：1.表示目的。Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.下一步是確保你確切知道需要什么。Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.教育的目的是發(fā)展兒童美好的品格。2.表示事態(tài)發(fā)展的結果、預期的結果、不幸的命運或預言。Thatexperiencewastochangehiswholelife.那次經(jīng)歷會改變他的整個生活。Youmustspeakout，ifwearetoremainfriends.如果我們要繼續(xù)做朋友，你必須直言不諱。Youaretodieatninety-eight.你會在98歲時去世。3.用于第一人稱疑問句，表示征求意見。WhatamItosayiftheyaskmethequestion?要是他們問我這個問題，我該怎么回答呢？WhatamItodoifIhavenomoney?如果沒有錢，我該怎么辦呢？4.用于被動語態(tài)，相當于can/could，should，oughtto，must，具有情態(tài)意義。Youaretoberewarded.你應該受到獎勵。(should)It’snowheretobefound.哪兒也找不到它。(can’tbe)Thesebooksarenottobesold.這些書不應該賣掉。(oughtnottobe)5.表示“同意、安排、命令、決定、勸告、意愿、禁止”等。Theyaretomarrynextweek.他們將在下周結婚。(安排)Childrenarenottosmoke.兒童不準吸煙。(禁止)Youmustbepatientifyouaretosucceed.想要成功，就必須有耐心。(愿望)6.不定式作表語，可用主動形式表示被動意義。Sheistoblame.她應該受到責備。Agreatdealisyettodo.還有許多事要做。Somethingisstilltofindout.有些東西還有待查明。按todo在句中的成分■it作形式主語，代替“todo”1.Itis/was+adj.+forsb.todo…（形容詞表示不定式的重要性，必要性和難易程度等基本情況：important,necessary,easy,natural,common,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant,meaningful等）2.Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo…（形容詞表示不定式邏輯主語的品質或特征屬性：good,kind,nice,polite,honest,modest,wise,bad,careless,lazy等）3.Itis+a+名詞+todo…Itisapity/apleasure/apleasantthing/one’sduty/anhonor/ashame/acrime/noeasyjob…todo4.Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience…todo…Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork…todo…例如：Tosavemoneynowseemsimpossible.現(xiàn)在想省錢似乎是不可能的Itisnecessaryformetomakespecificrulesandregulationsassoonaspossible.我有必要盡快制定具體的規(guī)章制度。Itisfoolishofyoutofinishthetaskinsuchway.你以這種方式完成任務是愚蠢的。I’mgladtojointheEnglishsummercamp.我很高興參加英語夏令營?！霾欢ㄊ阶髻e語自愿決定決心學會拒絕volunteer,decide,determine,learn,refuse準備計劃傾向假裝同意prepare,plan,tend,pretend,agree敢于試圖設法承擔承諾dare,attempt,manage,afford,promise選擇提出失敗三重希望choose,offer,fail,wish,hope,expect需要注意的問題：1.既可接不定式又可以接動名詞作賓語stoptodo/stopdoing, forget/remember/regrettodo,forget/remember/regretdoing,meantodo/meandoing,trytodo/trydoing,can’thelptodo/can’thelpdoing,beusedtodo/beusedtodoing,goontodo/goondoing,wanttodo/wantdoing(=wanttobedone),needtodo/needdoing(=needtobedone),deservetodo/deservedoing(=deservetobedone),2.it作形式賓語表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞（find,feel,think,consider,believe等）或使役動詞（make等）后有名詞或形容詞做賓補，常用it作形式賓語，而不定式作真正的賓語Ifounditinterestingtoreadthebook.Ifeltitashamedtotellalietomyparents.Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.3.except,but后跟不定式時，如果前面有實意動詞do的形式，不用to，否則要帶do但besides常接動名詞作賓語。eg: Ihavenochoicebuttowait. （無do有to） Icandonothingbutwait. （有do無to）例如：Thetwoworkerspretendedtoworkveryhard,thoughtheydidnothingthisafternoon.這兩個工人假裝很努力工作，但今天下午他們什么也沒做。Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.除了等雨停，別無他法。Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebuttomeetanevengreaterchallenge.如果他接受這項工作，他將別無選擇，只能迎接更大的挑戰(zhàn)。Formallanguageisdifferentfrominformallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguagetendstobemorepolite.

正式語言與非正式語言在幾個方面不同。首先，正式語言更傾向于有禮貌?！霾欢ㄊ阶霰碚Z和動名詞做表語的區(qū)別動詞不定式和動名詞作表語的區(qū)別動詞不定式和動名詞都可以作表語。但用法有區(qū)別：表示一般的、泛指的或習慣性的行為用動名詞；表示具體的、一次性的或將來的動作用不定式。Mary’staskistosetthetable.瑪麗的任務是要去擺桌子。Hisjobislookingaftersheep.他的任務是照看羊?！@種區(qū)別并不是絕對的。例外的情況也不少，比如在job，problem等名詞后面就可用不定式或動名詞作表語，且意思區(qū)別很小。如：Theproblemisfindingthetimetogetthingsdone.問題是要找到完成這些事情的時間。Theproblemwastofindtherightplacequickly.問題是要迅速找到合適的地方。■不定式作補語鼓勵要求指示命令，迫使提醒期望麻煩encourage,ask/request,instruct,order/command,compel/force/press,remind,expect,trouble允許建議使得警告，激勵說服希望禁止allow/permit,advise,get,warn,urge,inspire,persuade,wish,forbid想要告訴引起乞求，使得訓練挑戰(zhàn)幫助want,tell,cause,beg,enable,train,challenge,assist例如：Wewerelefttodecidewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseum.我們被留下來決定是去公園野餐還是去博物館。Hetrytospeakasaloudaspossibleinordertomakehimselfheardclearly.他盡量大聲說話，使別人聽得更清楚。Whenitcomestoachoice,Iprefertotravelratherthanstayathome.如果要選擇的話，我寧愿去旅游而不愿呆在家里?！霾欢ㄊ阶龆ㄕZ.不定式作定語，與被修飾的詞之間為動賓關系，且其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致，不定式用主動表示被動。否則用被動式。Ihavealotofworktodo.Motheraskedherson,“Doyouhaveclothestobewashed?”注意區(qū)分：tobedone，beingdone，done都表被動，都可作后置定語，區(qū)別在于：過去分詞所表示的動作具有完成意義；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式表示正在進行的動作；不定式的被動式表示未來的動作。Thisisaproblemdiscussed(＝Thisisaproblemwhichwasdiscussed.)這是一個已討論了的問題。Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.(＝Thisisaproblemwhichisbeingdiscussed.)這是一個正在被討論的問題。Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.(＝Thisisaproblemwhichistobediscussed.)這是一個將要討論的問題?！霾欢ㄊ阶鰻钫Z，表目的例如：Toearnsomemoneytopaythedailyexpense,Istartedtoworkinalocalcaféasawaiter.為了掙一些錢來支付日常開支，我開始在當?shù)匾患铱Х瑞^當服務員。■課后習題單句填空：1.Itisnotalwayseasyforme(refuse)invitations.2.Itisrudeyoutorefuseinvitationswithoutsayingthankyou.3.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot(separate)frommyfriends.4.Heagreed(help)butbackedoutwhenheheardhowdifficultitwas.5.Maxpretended(be)angry,butshewas.6.Pricesofdailygoods(buy)onlinecanbelowerthanstoreprices.7.Thegirlappearedso(frighten).Shemusthaveseensomething(frighten)onherownhome.8.Wedon’tallow(smoke)duringofficehours.9.Iappreciate(give)thisopportunity.10.Thenursetellthepatients(seat)and(wait)fortheirturntocomeintothedoctor’soffice.11.Theyhavenowanchance(go)abroadtostudyfurther.12.IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime(catch)thelastbus.13.Themanagerhassomanyagreements(sign).14.Thesecretaryhassomanyagreements(sign).15.Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.16.His(be)latemadetheteacherangry.17.Thegirlglancedoverhershoulderandfoundherself(follow)byayoungmaninblack.18.Whetheritwilldousharmremains(see).19.Lijiang,acity(locate)inYunnanProvince,hasseengreatprogressinitstourismindustryoverthelastdecade.20.(do)wellinaninterviewwillbeanimportantpartofgettingaplaceatuniversity.21.(separate)fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyuniqueplantsandanimals.22.Haveyoulistenedtothemusic(compose)byJayChou?23.Look!Thenewhighway(construct)isalmostfinished.24.Theplan(discuss)attomorrow’smeetingisveryimportant.25.(lose)inthought,healmostranintoacarinfrontofhim.26.(throw)yourselfintoyourstudy,youwillfinditpleasantandproductive.27.Withsomanypeople(help)us,wearesuretofinishitintime.28.(judge)bywhathewears,heisafarmer.29.(see)theactorssinginganddancing,thelittlebabydidlikewise.30.Myworkis(clean)theroomeveryday.31.Todotwothingsatatimeis(do)neither.32.Thenextstepis(make)surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.33.Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouare(succeed).34.WhatamI(do)ifIhavenomoney?單句寫作：1.他想做的事情是讓兒子與眾不同。(setapartfrom)2.這個女孩的工作就是每天回復郵件。(answer)3.這個年輕人的小說將會表達美好的情感。(convey)4.那個淘氣的男孩應該因為惡劣的行為受到批評。(criticize)5.那次采訪注定會影響他的整個事業(yè)。(influence)短文語法填空：Howdidthedreamend?1.