Unit 2 Water【速記清單】-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)單元速記•巧練（牛津上海版）（原卷版）

第頁(yè)Unit2Water本課重點(diǎn)washbasinvanishfreezeimpatientobeycomfortablyspeedrelaxpumpprecious本課難點(diǎn)freeze-froze-frozeninreply(to)為答復(fù)……；作為對(duì)……的答復(fù)make(no)reply（不）作答復(fù)replyforsb.代表某人作答辯／答謝祝酒replyto回答，答復(fù)lookround=lookaround環(huán)顧四周enjoytheview欣賞風(fēng)景finishwith完成，結(jié)束?？茧y點(diǎn)Itis十a(chǎn)dj.+forsb.(ofsb.)todosth.（對(duì)事加以評(píng)論／對(duì)人加以評(píng)論）【辨析】will與begoingto的區(qū)別【辨析】speed指快速的運(yùn)動(dòng)或行動(dòng)。hurry意指比通?？斓枚嗟乃俣?，經(jīng)常伴隨著混亂或騷動(dòng)。remembernottodosth.記得不要做某事考點(diǎn)1.vanishv.消失，突然不見e.g.Ithoughtitwouldrain,butthecloudshavevanishedandit'safineday.我原以為天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是個(gè)好天?！境Ｓ么钆洹縱anishintotheair/fromsight消失不見vanishindarkness在黑暗中消失vanishintonothing化為烏有考點(diǎn)2.freezev.突然停止，驚呆e.g.Fearmadehimfreezeinhistracks.恐懼使他突然停止前進(jìn)。Hefrozeinfrontoftheaudience.他在觀眾面前嚇呆了?！局R(shí)拓展】freezev.冷凍，冷藏（食物）e.g.Notallfruitandvegetablesfreezewell.并非所有的水果和蔬菜都適合冷藏。考點(diǎn)3.impatientadj.不耐煩的，急躁的e.g.Asanurseryteacher,youmustn'tbeimpatientwiththechildren.作為幼兒園教師，你不該對(duì)孩子急躁。【知識(shí)拓展】patientadj.有耐心的e.g.Sheissokindandalwayspatientwiththosenaughtychildren.她對(duì)這些淘氣的孩子們是如此和藹、有耐心。patiencen.容忍，耐心e.g.Ihavenopatiencewithhimagain.我對(duì)他不再有耐心了?？键c(diǎn)4.comfortablyadv.安樂地，舒適地e.g.Hesatcomfortablyinhisarmchair.他舒服地坐在扶手椅上?！局R(shí)拓展】comfortableadj.舒適的，舒服的e.g.Shelivesacomfortablelife.她過著舒適的生活。comfortv.安慰，鼓舞n.安樂，舒適，安逸e.g.Helivedincomfort.他過得很舒服。Shecomfortedthesickchild.她安慰這個(gè)生病的孩子?？键c(diǎn)5.viewn.景色，風(fēng)景e.g.Ihaveaverygoodviewfromthetower.我從塔上望出去，景色非常好。Thehousehasaviewoverthesea.這房子面向大海，視野開闊。Wecameinviewofthelakeasweturnedthecorner.我們轉(zhuǎn)過彎就能看見那個(gè)湖了。考點(diǎn)6.speedv.加速，加快e.g.Theambulancespedtothehospital.救護(hù)車快速開往醫(yī)院。Hewasarrestedforspeeding.他因超速行車而被捕。指點(diǎn)迷津:speed,hurry(1)speed指快速的運(yùn)動(dòng)或行動(dòng)。e.g.Thetrainspedthroughthecountryside.火車從鄉(xiāng)間飛馳而過。PostalworkerslabouredovertimetospeeddeliveryoftheChristmasmail.郵電工人加班加點(diǎn)以加快圣誕節(jié)期間信件的發(fā)送。(2)hurry意指比通常快得多的速度，經(jīng)常伴隨著混亂或騷動(dòng)。e.g.Ifyoudon'thurry,you'llmisstheplane.如果你不迅速些，你將會(huì)錯(cuò)過班機(jī)了。Don'tletanyonehurryyouintomakingadecisionyou'llregretlater.不要在任何人的催促下作出你以后會(huì)為之后悔的決定?？键c(diǎn)7.thoroughadj.徹底的，完全的e.g.Theymadeathoroughsearchforthelostring,butdidn'tfindit.他們仔細(xì)地尋找過那枚丟失的戒指，可是沒有找到?！局R(shí)拓展】thoroughlyadv.十分地，徹底地e.g.Theworkhadnotbeendoneverythoroughly.這個(gè)工作做得不太徹底?？键c(diǎn)8.plantn.工廠，車間e.g.Whentheplantcloseddown,manyfactoryworkerslosttheirjobs.工廠關(guān)門了，很多工人失業(yè)了。【知識(shí)拓展】plantn.植物e.g.Treesandvegetablesareplants.樹和蔬菜是植物。考點(diǎn)9.pumpv.用泵輸送e.g.Thevillagershadpumpedthewelldryandcouldgetnomorewater.村民們已把井水抽干了，再也抽不出水來了。Hepumpeduphistyres.他給車胎打足了氣。【知識(shí)拓展】pumpn.泵；水泵e.g.inflattyreswithapump用氣泵給輪胎充氣考點(diǎn)10.replyn.答復(fù)，回復(fù)v.回答，答復(fù)e.g.Adriannoddedinreplytomyquestion.對(duì)于我的提問，阿德里安點(diǎn)頭表示同意。Alotofpeoplerepliedtoouradvertisemen.有許多人對(duì)我們的廣告作出了反應(yīng)?！境Ｓ么钆洹縤nreply(to)為答復(fù)……；作為對(duì)……的答復(fù)make(no)reply（不）作答復(fù)replyforsb.代表某人作答辯／答謝祝酒replyto回答，答復(fù)指點(diǎn)迷津：anwser,replay(1)answer較常用，如：answeraquestion(thedoorbell,thephone,theletter,etc.)e.g.Hehasansweredmyletter.（此句僅表明他回了我的信。說明他已經(jīng)收到我的信。）(2)而reply則較正式，意指經(jīng)過深思熟慮后答復(fù)對(duì)方的問題和論點(diǎn)。e.g.Hehasrepliedtomyletter.（此句表明他將我信中的問題都一一回答了。）考點(diǎn)11.lookround=lookaround環(huán)顧四周e.g.Helookedaroundbutsawnobody.他往四周看，可是沒看見任何人?！局R(shí)拓展】lookat看，朝……看lookafter照料lookback(與on，to連用)回想，記起lookdownon輕視，看不起lookfor尋找lookforwardto盼望，期待looklike看起來像lookon/upon看作lookout注意，當(dāng)心lookoutof朝……外看lookover翻閱，瀏覽lookround環(huán)視lookthrough從頭看完，透視lookup在書中查到，查閱（詞典）lookupanddown上下打量語法精講一、(a)few和(a)little的用法1.(a)few用在可數(shù)名詞之前，(a)little用在不可數(shù)名詞之前。e.g.Hetookafewbiscuits.(=several)他拿了幾塊餅干。Hetookfewbiscuits.(=notmany)他拿的餅干不多。Hetookalittlebutter.(=some)他拿了點(diǎn)黃油。Hetooklittlebutter.(＝notmuch)他拿的黃油不多。2.few可由hardlyany或almostno所取代，含否定的意味。e.g.Thecompositioniswellwritten;ithasfew(=hardlyany)mistakes.這篇作文寫得很好，幾乎沒什么錯(cuò)誤。Few(=Almostno)mencansolveit.幾乎沒有人能解決它。3.afew相當(dāng)于some(several)，含肯定的意味。e.g.Hehasafew(=someorseveral)friends.他有一些朋友。4.alittle和little之間的區(qū)別，就和afew和few的區(qū)別一樣，只是(a)little需修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表數(shù)量或程度。e.g.Hegrowsworse;thereislittlehopeofhisrecovery.他病情惡化了，恢復(fù)的希望很小了。Heisnotmuchbetter,butthereisalittlehope.他病情不是那么好，但是有點(diǎn)希望。二、其他表示數(shù)量的詞組用法1.plentyof,alotof,lotsof均表許多，修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。e.g.Theroomcontainedplentyof/alotof/lotsofstudents.這個(gè)教室容納了許多學(xué)生。（復(fù)數(shù)名詞）Theroomcontainedplentyof/alotof/lotsoffurniture.這個(gè)教室容納了許多家具。（不可數(shù)名詞）2.agreat/agood/dealof,alarge/asmall/quantityof,alarge/asmall/amountof，均表數(shù)量，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。e.g.Theroomcontainedagreatdealoffurniture.（不可數(shù)名詞）Theroomcontainedagooddealoffurniture.（不可數(shù)名詞）Theroomcontainedalargequantityoffurniture.（不可數(shù)名詞）Theroomcontainedalargeamountoffurniture.（不可數(shù)名詞）Theroomcontainedasmallquantityoffurniture.（不可數(shù)名詞）Theroomcontainedasmallamountoffurniture.（不可數(shù)名詞）3.anumberof表示“許多；一些”；agreat/large/good/numberof表示“許多”，修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，并且要與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用。e.g.Anumberofbooksaremissingfromthelibrary.圖書館的許多圖書丟失了。Thenumberofbooksfromthelibraryislarge.圖書館的圖書數(shù)量很大。thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)(be)動(dòng)詞Theroomcontainedagreat/large/goodnumberofstudents.（復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞）這個(gè)教室容納了許多學(xué)生。8BUnit2Vocabulary（牛津）序號(hào)英文音標(biāo)詞性中文1/'de?l?/adv.每天2/?'ma?nt/n.數(shù)量，數(shù)額3/?n'kri?s/v.(使)增加4/r?'me?n/v.仍然是；保持不變5/'s?mb(?)l/n.符號(hào)6/fl??/v.流動(dòng)7/'w??be?s(?)n/n.洗臉盆8/'v?n??/v.突然消失9/dre?n/n.下水道10/?m'pe??(?)nt/adj.不耐煩的11/?(?)'be?/v.服從；遵守12/fe?nt/adj.(光、聲、味)微弱的13/fl??t/v.??；漂；飄動(dòng)；漂移14/'k?mft?bli/adv.舒服地15/r?'l?ks/v.放松；休息16凈化17/'tri?tm(?)nt/n.(凈化或防治)處理加工18/'w??ks/n.工廠19/'θ?r?/adj.徹底的；完全的20/'kli?n??/n.打掃；清潔21/pa?p/n.管子；管道22/?n't?l/conj.直到……為止23/'su??d?/n.(下水道的)污水，污物24污水處理廠25/p?mp/v.用泵輸送26/'pre??s/adj.寶貴的27/'l?kw?d/n.液體28/rest/v.休息29/'??d?n(?)r?/adj.普通的；平常的30/m?nj?'f?kt??/v.(用機(jī)器)大量生產(chǎn)31/?'kw?pm(?)nt/n.設(shè)備；器材32/tu?l/n.工具33/t?ɑ?t/n.圖表（2）8BU2詞性轉(zhuǎn)換整理序號(hào)單詞詞性釋義1n.價(jià)值adj.無價(jià)值的；不值錢的adj.有價(jià)值的2n.處理；加工v.治療；對(duì)待3v.洗澡；沐浴n.洗澡；沐浴4n.科學(xué)n.科學(xué)家adj.科學(xué)的；系統(tǒng)的5v.使…凍住；使…結(jié)冰adj.凍結(jié)的；冷酷的adj.寒冷的6n.舒適；安慰adj.舒適的adj.不舒服的；不安的adv.舒服地；充裕地7adj.耐心的；能容忍的adj.不耐煩的n.不耐煩；無耐心(3)8BU2知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理It’stimeforsth.=It’stimetodosth.是時(shí)候該做……e.g. It’stimeforlunch.=It’stimetohavelunch. It’stimeforbed.=It’stimetogotobed.joy(n.)愉快toone’sgreatjoyenjoy(v.)enjoysth./doingsth.enjoyone’stime=enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime名詞量的表達(dá)只修飾可數(shù)名詞只修飾不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞均可修飾基數(shù)詞（a）few/fewer/toofew（a）little/less/toolittleall,enough,none,mostacoupleof,many(not)toomanymuch,toomuch,(not)toomuchmore,some,any,enoughhundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof,billionsof,severalabitof,bitsofalotof,lotsof,massesofdozensof,scoresofagreatdealofplenty/piles/heapsofa(great/large)numberofmanya,agreat/goodmanyalargeamountof,anamountoflarge/hugeamountsoflargequantitiesofalargequantityofPracticePractice主題閱讀—水資源一、選詞填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成句子，并填寫在對(duì)應(yīng)的橫線上。部分單詞在填入前需進(jìn)行詞形轉(zhuǎn)換，每個(gè)單詞只能用一次，每空只能填一詞。pollution

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twoWithmoreandmorepeopleintheworld,moreandmorewaterisused.Infact,wateruseisgrowingmorethan1asfastastheworld’spopulation!Asaresult,2good,cleanwaterisbecomingaprobleminmanyplaces.Alotofwateris3pollutedandinmanyareaspeoplehavetowalkalongwaytogetcleanwaterfor4daily(日常的)use.Morethan3.4millionpeopledieeachyearfromdrinkingandwashingwithpollutedwater.Solet’sdowhateverwecandotostopthe5andsavewater.Don’tletourtears(眼淚)becomethelastdropofwater.二、閱讀理解Ofallthethingsweeatanddrink,wateristhemostimportant.Wecanlivewithoutfoodforsomedays,butifwedon’thavewaterforthreeorfourdays,wemaydie.Doyouknowwaterwell?Letmetellyou.TheBluePlanetisanothernameoftheearth.That’sbecauseaboutthree-fourthsoftheearthiscoveredbywater.Peoplethinkwearenotshortofwater.Infact,theyarewrong.Mostofthewaterissaltwater.Onlyabout3%isfreshwaterthatwecandrink.Youmightthinkthatmostofthefreshwaterontheearthisinthelakesandrivers,infact,lessthan1%ofthefreshwatercanbefoundintheseplaces.Around70%oftheearth’sfreshwaterisiceinthepolar(極地的)places.Theyarefarfromus.Andthewaterthereistoughtocarry.Thesecondmostfreshwaterontheearthisgroundwater.Someplacesdon’thavefreshwaterfromriversandlakes,sothepeoplethereusegroundwaterfordrinkingandotheruses.Butbecausepeopleusechemicals(化學(xué)制品)infarmingandfactories,somegroundwaterispolluted.Theearthhaslittleusablewater.Luckily,eachofuscandosomethingtosavewater.Peoplearesavingwaterwiselyintheirowncities.Ifweworktogether,wewillhaveabetterworld.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。6．Whatpercentageoftheearthiscoveredbywater?A．About25%. B．About75%. C．About43%. D．About85%7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tough”inParagraph3mean?A．Difficult. B．Common. C．Dangerous. D．Easy.8．Whichonecanleadtothepollutiontogroundwateraccordingtothepassage?A．Rain. B．Ice. C．Salt. D．Chemicals.9．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Peoplearenotshortofwater.B．Mostofthewaterontheearthisfreshwater.C．Wecanfindmostofthefreshwaterintheriversontheearth.D．About70%oftheearth’sfreshwaterisiceinthepolarplaces.10．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Askpeopletosavewater. B．Talkaboutthepollution.C．Tellreadersdifferentkindsofwater. D．Tellsomethingsaboutfreshwater.三、完形填空Asweknow,waterisveryimportanttoman,wecan’tlive11water.Althoughtherearetoomuchwaterontheearth,Theamountof(數(shù)量)waterwhichissuitable(適合)todrinkislessandless.Butsomepeopledon’t12aboutit.Theywastealotofwaterintheirdailylife.Even13,theypourdirtywaterintorivers.Andtheythrowtherubbishintorivers,too.Theypollutedmanyriversandlakes14.Wemustdo15tostopthepollution.Ialsothink16wecandoistosaveeverydropofwateraspossibleaswecan.Asmiddleschoolstudents,wemust17thetap(水龍頭)immediatelyafterweuseit.Wecanusethebasinto18ourhandsandfaces.It’sagoodideatoencourage(鼓勵(lì))myfriendsandfamilytojoinme.Onlyinthisway,wecanlive19.Ifwedon’t,thelastdropofwaterwillbeatear-dropofus.Boysandgirls,let’s20waterandactatonce.11．A．for B．of C．with D．without12．A．care B．talk C．hear D．know13．A．bad B．badly C．worse D．worst14．A．probably B．easily C．serious D．seriously15．A．something B．everything C．nothing D．a(chǎn)nything16．A．how B．where C．why D．what17．A．turnon B．turnoff C．turnup D．turndown18．A．shake B．clean C．wash D．serve19．A．easily B．cheaply C．comfortably D．happily20．A．use B．drink C．save D．share四、短文填空請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)所給的首字母提示，寫出一個(gè)合適的英文單詞，使短文通順。March22is