高中英語(yǔ)外研版必修第一冊(cè)Unit 2　課時(shí)精練四　Developing ideas-Reading comprehension

Ⅰ.閱讀理解AJeremyfromAmericacannotunderstandwhyaladyhemetoutsidetheHydeParkinLondonsaid，“Oh，isn’titcold？”，andhethinksofthisbehaviourasadistinctivelyEnglishconcernabouttheweather.Infact，thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwithJeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation—justanexchangeofgreetings.Itisnotalwaysquitethatobvious，butallEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivesystemconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutacceptedrules.Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtocommenton，orperhapsmostimportantly，agreeabout.Wehavealreadygenerallyrecognizedthatweather-speakgreetingslike“Cold，isn’tit？”requiretheresponseexpressingagreement，asin“Yes，isn’tit？”．Itwouldbeveryrudetorespondwith“No，actuallyit’squitemild.”or“It’sprettyhottome.”Ifyoubreaktheruleonpurpose，youwillfindthattheatmospherebecomesrathertenseandawkward.Theremaybeanuncomfortablesilence.Mostlikely，theywilleitherchangethesubjectorcontinuetalkingabouttheweatheramongthemselvespolitely，ifcoldly，ignoringyourfauxpas.Thereis，however，onesituationinwhichEnglishweather-speakersarenotrequiredtoobeytheagreementruleatallandthatisthemale-bondingargument，particularlythepub-argument.Inthespecialenvironmentofthepub，constantdisagreementnotjustontheweather，butoneverythingelseaswellisameansofexpressingfriendship.Whilewemayspendmuchofourtimecomplainingaboutourweather，foreignersarenotallowedtocriticizeit.Indeed，thisbringsustotheweatherasfamilyrule.Inthisrespect，wetreattheEnglishweatherlikeamemberofourfamily:onecancomplainaboutthebehaviourofone’sownchildrenorparents，butanyblamefromanoutsiderisunacceptable.TheweathermaybeoneofthefewthingsaboutwhichtheEnglisharestillunconsciouslyandunashamedlypatriotic(愛國(guó)的)．1．WhydidtheladycommentontheweathertoJeremy?A．Tobeginacasualchat.B．Tobuildupfriendship.C．Tosendseasonalgreetings.D．Toexpressdissatisfaction.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fauxpas”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Improperresponse.B．Carelessattitude.C．Rudeinterruption.D．Frequentcomplaint.3．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Malebondinginpubs.B．Argumentaboutweather.C．Exceptiontotheagreementrule.D．Makingfriendsbydisagreement.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．PolitenessTipsforForeignersB．HiddenRulesofEnglishWeatherConversationC．HowtoMakeaWeatherConversationD．AcceptedRulesinSocialLifeBGivingchildrenmusiclessonswon’tjustintroducethemtomusic—itcouldalsogreatlyimprovetheirlanguageskillsbutitisn’tunderstoodifthisisasideeffectofageneralimprovementofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)skills，orsomethingthatdirectlyaffectslanguageprocessing.Now，wearegettingclosertoananswer，thankstoastudyof74Chinesekindergartenchildren，ledbyRobertDesimonefromMIT.Forthestudy，Desimone’steamchosechildrenfromtheChineseeducationsystem，withthesupportofeducationofficialswhowantedtoseehowitmightimprovetheirlearning.The4to5-year-oldMandarin-speakingchildreninthestudyweredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupreceiveda45-minutepianolessonthreetimesaweek，whileanotherreceivedextrareadinginstructionclasses.Thethirdgroupactedascontrols，takingnoextralessonsbeyondtheirusualclasses.Theclasseslastedforsixmonths，afterwhichthechildrenweretestedontheirabilitytotellwordsbasedondifferencesintones，consonants(輔音)，orvowels(元音)．Thetestresultsshowedthatthechildrenwhohadtakenpianolessonsperformedbetterattellingthedifferencebetweenwordsthatdifferbyasingleconsonant，whencomparedwiththechildrenwhotookextrareadinglessons.Comparedtothecontrolgroup，boththemusiclearnersandtheextrareadinggroupdidbetterintellingthedifferencebetweenwordsbasedonvoweldifferences.“Itlookslikeforrecognizingdifferencesbetweensounds，includingspeechsounds，itisbetterthanextrareading.Thatmeansschoolscouldpaymoreattentiontomusic，”Desimonesays.“It’snotworsethangivingextrareadingtothechildren，whichisprobablywhatmanyschoolsaretryingtodo—getridofthearteducationandjusthavemorereading.”5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto?A．Learningmusic.B．TheChineseeducation.C．Astudyofchildren’sschooling.D．Improvementofcognitiveskills.6．Whatdidthethirdgrouplearninthestudy?A．Waystoimprovetheirstudy.B．Extralessonsaboutreadingtips.C．Threeextrapianolessonsaweek.D．Nothingelseexcepttheirusualstudies.7．Whichwasoneoftheresultsofthestudy?A．Learningmusicdeterminedkids’interestinstudy.B．Thepianoplayedakeypartinkids’learning.C．Childrentakingpianolessonsdidn’tperformwell.D．Theextrareadinggroupweregoodattellingvowels.8.WhatcanweconcludefromwhatDesimonesays?A．Manyschoolsvaluearteducation.B．Schoolswillincreasereadingclasses.C．Itisn’twisetocutbackonmusiclessons.D．Childrenwholearnmusicperformbetteratschool.CFrenchwriterFrantz.Fanononcesaid:“Tospeakalanguageistotakeonaworld，aculture.”Sincetheworldchangeseveryday，sodoesourlanguage.Morethan300newwordsandphraseshaverecentlymadeitintotheOxfordDictionaryOnline，andinonewayoranothertheyareallreflectionsoftoday’schangingworld.Afterayearthatwaspoliticallyunstable，it’snothardtounderstandthefactthatpeople’spoliticalviewsareoneofthemaindrivesofourexpandingvocabulary.Oneexampleis“clicktivism”，acompoundof“click”and“activism”．Itrefersto“armchairactivists”—peoplewhosupportapoliticalorsocialcause，butonlyshowtheirsupportfrombehindacomputerorsmartphone.“WehadallthewordsaroundBrexit(脫歐)inthelastupdateandwearenowstartingtoseeallthewordsaroundTrumpcomingintothedictionary.”AngusStevenson，OxfordDictionaries’headofcontentdevelopment，toldTheGuardian.Lifestyleisalsochangingourlanguage.Forexample，“fitspiration”—acompoundof“fit”and“inspiration”—referstoapersonorthingthatencouragesonetoexerciseandstayfitandhealthy.Thephrase“climaterefugee”—someonewhoisforcedtoleavetheirhomeduetoclimatechange—reflectspeople’sconcernfortheenvironment.AccordingtoStevenson，socialmediawasthemainsourceforthenewexpressions.“Peoplefeelmuchfreertocreatetheirownwordsthesedays，”hesaid.Butstill，notallnewly-inventedwordsgetthechancetomaketheirwayintoamainstreamdictionary.Ifyouwanttocreateyourownhitwords，AngusStevensonsuggeststhatyoushouldnotonlymakesurethattheyareexpressiveandmeaningful，butalsohaveanattractivesoundsothatpeoplewillenjoysayingthemoutloud.9．WhydoestheauthormentionBrexitandTrump?A．Toexplaintheoriginoftheword“clicktivism”．B．ToshowtheinfluencesofcurrentaffairsontheEnglishlanguage.C．Tohighlighttwomajorpoliticaleventsthatchangedtheworld.D．Toexplainwhatkindofnewwordscanmakeitintoadictionary.10．Howisthearticlemainlywritten?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byfollowingatimeline.D．Bypresentingresearchfindings.11．AccordingtoStevenson，whatkindsofnew-inventedwordsaremorelikelytobeacceptedbyamainstreamdictionary?A．Wordsthathaveuniquemeanings.B．Wordsthatreflectthechangingworld.C．Wordsthatareeasytoremember.D．Wordsthataremeaningful，expressiveandattractive.12．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonourlanguage.B．Theapplicationofnewwordsandphrases.C．NewwordsandphrasesintotheOxfordDictionaryOnline.D．Newwordsandphrasesinpolitics.Ⅱ.七選五AtVOALearningEnglish，wesometimesgetquestionslikethis:“HowcanIspeakEnglishwithmoreconfidence？”1Nomatterwhatlanguagewearelearning，wewouldalllovetospeakmoreconfidently.Sotoday，wehavethreepiecesofadvicetohelpyougainconfidenceinyourEnglish-speakingability.Usepositiveself-talkBelieveitornot，themostimportantpersonyoutalktoeverydayisyourself.Inotherwords:2Soourfirstpieceofadviceistousepositiveself-talk.IfyoulackconfidenceasanEnglishspeaker，youmaytellyourselfthingslike，“3”Whenyoutalktootherpeople，youmaysaythingslike，“I’msosorryformyEnglish.”Butifyoukeepthinkingandsayingsuchthings，youaresuretostartbelievingthem.SothenexttimeyouareusingyourEnglish，payattentiontowhatyoutellyourselforothers.Besuretoreplaceunhelpfulthoughtsor