10.復(fù)合句之三定語從句-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英語直通車

第頁第10講：第10講：復(fù)合句——定語從句11考點歸納、考前鞏固、真題鏈接 考點歸納anyone/those/he+who(主謂一致)關(guān)系代詞:that(人、物),which(物),who(人),whom(人),whose(人、物),as

關(guān)系副詞:where,when,why

先行詞:名詞、代詞

定語從句的解題思路:將先行詞還原anyone/those/he+who(主謂一致)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句: ⑴ 一般情況下，非限制性定語從句可用who,whom,which,whose,where,when引導(dǎo)，不用that,why引導(dǎo)，且引導(dǎo)詞不能省略；非限制性定語從句中的which可指代整個分句，也可只是前面句子的一部分 ⑵ 特殊情況下只能用非限制性定語從句，①先行詞為獨一無二的事物(如Paris)；②定語從句修飾的是主句的整個或一部分；③特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(如thelargestofwhich)只能用that而非which: ⑴ 先行詞為不定代詞，如Everythingthatweneedishere. ⑵ 先行詞被某些詞修飾，如①all,any,no,little等限定詞；②形容詞最高級；③序數(shù)詞；④theonly/thevery ⑶ 先行詞既包含人又包含物 ⑷ 主句為wh-開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞為疑問代詞 ⑸ 先行詞還原時為定語從句中的表語，如Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.關(guān)系副詞只在定語從句中(狀語從句中成立嗎?)有如下等同關(guān)系:(注意介詞)

where=prep.(e.g.in,on)+which 其先行詞可為place,room,house,etc.

when=prep.(e.g.at,on)+which 其先行詞可為time,day,morning,etc.

why=forwhich 其先行詞只能為reasonprep.+whom/which/whose+(n.)結(jié)構(gòu): 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞補(bǔ)足成分時，介詞一般前置，此時只能用whom指人，which指物

e.g. JamesRussellisamanforwhomIhavethegreatestrespect.

但一些固定的動詞短語，如takecareof,listento等在定語從句中一般不將介詞與動詞拆開

e.g. Thisistheoldmanwhomhehasbeentakingcareof.

若介詞后置，可用who/that指人，that指物，間或省去

e.g. Theyaretheboys(who)/(that)Iwenttoschoolwith.

e.g. Doyouknowthemaninwhosehonorapartywasheldyesterday?

e.g. Ibought6books,twoofwhichareforhim.=Ibought6books,andtwoofthemareforhim.

cf. Youmayfindfaultinwhathesaid.

Aturtlediffersfromallotherreptilesinthatithasitsbodyencasedinaprotectiveshell.as的用法，如:thesame…as…/such…as…/asweallknow/Asisknowntoall(非限制性定語從句位于主句之前)等；試比較thesame…that…/such…that…充當(dāng)定語從句賓語的關(guān)系代詞(或that充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語)通?？梢允÷?prep.+關(guān)系代詞時可省略嗎?)way的用法:Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)hespeaks.

注意不能用how引導(dǎo)以theway為先行詞的定語從句，如不可說*Thatisthewayhowhespoke.但可改說Thatishowhespoke.one與theone的用法注意在限制性定語從句中，為避免關(guān)系詞所指對象的歧義，對關(guān)系詞的選擇必須審慎，如

There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolthatIwantedtosee.

此處的關(guān)系代詞that到底指代的是student還是school不明確，故改用who/whom，指明先行詞為student2雙重定語從句，如She’stheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.

Iknow修飾theonlygirl，而who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾theonlygirlIknow

注意此類定語從句一般只能省略第一個從句中作賓語的關(guān)系詞，如

Thebestplay()Shakespearewrote,butwhichIhaven’tread,isprobablyKingLear.2定語從句的“插入”與“割裂”現(xiàn)象，如 IhavegonetotheDisneylandwhichyouknowIhavebeendreamingof.

Gonearethedayswhenwelivedasadlife.比較、注意: a. Tomwonthefirstprize,whichpleasesus.Tomwonthefirstprize,andthispleasesus.

b. IwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.

c. That’sthefactthatwehavewonthematch.That’sthefactthat/whichwehavefound.

d. Itwasinthefirstbookshopwhereyouboughtityesterday.(thatIboughtit)

e. Themeetingwhichwillbeheldisimportant.Themeetingtobeheldisimportant.

f. Themeetingwhichisbeingheldisimportant.Themeetingbeingheldisimportant.

g. Themeetingwhichwasheldisimportant.Themeetingheldisimportant.

h. Thewatch(that)Ihadhadrepairedwasoutoforderagainyesterday.

i. Neverletthosewhoaretooweakcarrysuchaheavybox.

j. It’sthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedBeijing.

k. Hespentasmuchashecouldbuyingmeabook.

l. “Thosewhowereabletookadvantageoftheopportunitiesforsuccessandhappinessthat presentedthemselves.”(HalfaDay,byNaguibMahfous)Canyoubreakthelongsentenceinto afewsensegroups(意群)andexplainthemeaningofit? 考前鞏固I. Combinethetwosentencesbyusingrelativeclause(定語從句).Thebeginningsaregiven.eq\o\ac(○,1)Abigtreestandsinfrontofthehouse. eq\o\ac(○,2)Doyourememberthehouse? Doyouremember eq\o\ac(○,1)Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident. eq\o\ac(○,2)Mr.Wangworkedintheboss’sdepartment. Theboss eq\o\ac(○,1)IlearnedmostfromMrs.Brown. eq\o\ac(○,2)TheteacherwasMrs.Brown. Theteacher eq\o\ac(○,1)Ihavegreatrespectformyteacher. eq\o\ac(○,2)Iwonderifyouhavemether. Haveyoumet eq\o\ac(○,1)Yousentmeapresent. eq\o\ac(○,2)Thankyouverymuchforit. Thankyouverymuch eq\o\ac(○,1)Iwassittinginachair. eq\o\ac(○,2)Itsuddenlycollapsed. Thechair eq\o\ac(○,1)Shesaidthatthemenwerethieves. eq\o\ac(○,2)Thisturnedouttobetrue. Shesaid II. Fillintheblanksbyusingthat,which,who,whomor“/(whichmeansnothingisneeded)”.NameALLthepossibleanswers.Thefirstthing__________youmustdoistohaveameal.April1stistheday__________iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.Thefamily__________hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.Thehouse__________weliveinisveryold.Didn’tyouseetheman__________Italkedwithjustnow?III. 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