Unit 8【單元測(cè)試·提升卷】-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)單元速記•巧練（牛津譯林版）解析版

第頁Unit8Naturaldisasters【B卷（能力提升）】注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷共8頁。全卷滿分90分?？荚嚂r(shí)間為90分鐘。試題包含選擇題和非選擇題?？忌痤}全部答在答題卡上，答在本試卷上無效。2.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核對(duì)監(jiān)考教師在答題卡上所粘貼條形碼的姓名、考試證號(hào)是否與本人相符合，再將自己的姓名、考試證號(hào)用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆填寫在答題卡及本試卷上。3.答選擇題必須用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答非選擇題必須用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆寫在答題卡的指定位置，在其他位置答題一律無效。選擇題（共40分）一、單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1．—IhavegotanewHuaweiP50,butIdon’tknowhowtouseit.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Justfollowthe________.A．instruction B．direction C．a(chǎn)dvertisement D．information【答案】A【詳解】句意：——我有一個(gè)新的華為P50，但我不知道如何使用它?！獩]關(guān)系。只需按照說明操作即可?？疾槊~辨析。instruction說明；direction方向；advertisement廣告；information信息。根據(jù)“IhavegotanewHuaweiP50,butIdon’tknowhowtouseit.”可知，如何使用新手機(jī)應(yīng)按照“說明”操作。故選A。2．—Whatisgoingonwiththetrafficaccidentthere?—Policefindout________howtheaccidenthappened.A．nearly B．mostly C．exactly D．really【答案】C【詳解】句意：——那里的交通事故是怎么回事？——警察確切地查明了事故是如何發(fā)生的?？疾楦痹~辨析。nearly幾乎；mostly主要地；exactly準(zhǔn)確地；really真地。根據(jù)“findout”可知，警察確切地查明了事故發(fā)生的原因，exactly符合語境。故選C。3．—Dad,whydothosepeoplesleepinthetentsatnight?—Becausetheirhouses________intheterriblerainstorm.A．camedown B．brokedown C．calmeddown D．turneddown【答案】A【詳解】句意：——爸爸，為什么那些人晚上睡在帳篷里？——因?yàn)樗麄兊姆孔釉诳膳碌谋╋L(fēng)雨中倒塌了?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語。comedown倒塌；brokedown發(fā)生故障；calmdown使平靜下來；turndown拒絕。根據(jù)“whydothosepeoplesleepinthetentsatnight?”和“intheterriblestorm”可知，應(yīng)該是房子倒塌了，故選A。4．Whataniceday!Weshouldgoforapicnic________watchingTVathome.A．insteadof B．becauseof C．outof D．togetherwith【答案】A【詳解】句意：多么好的天氣??！我們應(yīng)該去野炊而不是在家看電視?？疾榻樵~短語。insteadof而不是；becauseof因?yàn)?；outof從……出來；togetherwith和……一起。根據(jù)語境天氣好應(yīng)去野炊而不是在家看電視。故選A。5．Jennywashidingbehindthetree______asnowballhitherbadly.A．while B．when C．since D．a(chǎn)s【答案】B【詳解】句意：珍妮正躲在樹后，一個(gè)雪球狠狠地打了她一下。考查從屬連詞辨析。while當(dāng)，從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；when當(dāng)，從句一般用一般過去時(shí)；since自從；as當(dāng)……時(shí)候。由“Jennywashidingbehindthetree...asnowballhitherbadly.”可知，從句為一般過去時(shí)，主句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故選B。6．Everysummer,studentsinChinausuallyhavetwomonths________.Thisisthebesttimetoenjoyafamilytrip.A．off B．a(chǎn)way C．out D．up【答案】A【詳解】句意：每年夏天，中國(guó)的學(xué)生通常有兩個(gè)月的假期。這是享受家庭旅行的最佳時(shí)機(jī)?？疾榻樵~辨析。off從……中脫離；away遠(yuǎn)離；out在外面；up向上。根據(jù)“Everysummer,studentsinChinausuallyhavetwomonths…”可知，此處指的是“有兩個(gè)月的假期”，have+時(shí)間段+off指“有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的假期”。故選A。7．I________anewspaperwhenmycousincametoseemeyesterdayevening.A．a(chǎn)mreading B．willread C．wasreading D．read【答案】C【詳解】句意：昨天晚上我表弟來看我的時(shí)候，我正在看報(bào)紙。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“whenmycousincametoseemeyesterdayevening.”可知，此處是指過去的某一時(shí)刻正發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，空處用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing。故選C。8．Youshouldbemore________aboutthewritingcompetitionaftersuchcarefulpreparation.A．serious B．worried C．nervous D．confident【答案】D【詳解】句意：經(jīng)過如此精心的準(zhǔn)備，你應(yīng)該對(duì)寫作比賽更有信心?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。serious嚴(yán)重的；worried擔(dān)心的；nervous緊張的；confident有信心的。根據(jù)“aftersuchcarefulpreparation”可知，應(yīng)是指對(duì)寫作比賽更有信心，故選D。9．—Idon’tthinkcyclingisasexcitingasclimbing.—That’sbecauseyoucan’tridewell._________,bothofthemareinteresting.A．Aboveall B．Infact C．Asaresult D．Atlast【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我認(rèn)為騎自行車不如爬山那么令人興奮?！鞘且?yàn)槟泸T得不好。事實(shí)上，它們都很有趣?？疾榻樵~短語。Aboveall最重要的；Infact事實(shí)上；Asaresult結(jié)果；Atlast終于。根據(jù)“bothofthemareinteresting.”可知，事實(shí)上兩種運(yùn)動(dòng)都非常有趣。故選B。10．Thetaskisverydifficult.________,fewpeoplecanhelpuswithit.Sowemustdoourbest.A．Since B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．Instead【答案】B【詳解】句意：這項(xiàng)任務(wù)非常困難。此外，很少有人能幫助我們。所以我們必須盡最大努力?？疾楦痹~辨析。Since此后；Moreover此外；Otherwise否則；Instead相反。根據(jù)“Thetaskisverydifficult…fewpeoplecanhelpuswithit.”可知，除了任務(wù)本身很難之外，幾乎沒人能幫忙更增加了它的難度，moreover符合語境，用于進(jìn)一步說明情況。故選B。11．—Remembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.—________.A．No,Iwon’t B．OK,Iwill C．Yes,Ido D．No,Idon’t【答案】B【詳解】句意：——當(dāng)你離開教室時(shí)，記得關(guān)燈。——好的，我會(huì)的?？疾榍榫敖浑H。No,Iwon’t不，我不會(huì)；OK,Iwill好的，我會(huì)的；Yes,Ido是的，我愿意；No,Idon’t不，我沒有。根據(jù)“Remembertoturnoffthelights”可知，上文是提醒對(duì)方記得關(guān)燈，則應(yīng)回答“好的，我會(huì)（關(guān)燈）”。故選B。12．—________haveyoustayedinthishotel?

—Notlong,just________thisWednesday.A．Howsoon;sinceB．Howlong;since C．Howsoon;from D．Howlong;from【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你在旅館待了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？——不長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，就從這周三開始的?？疾樘厥庖蓡柧浜驮~義辨析。howsoon用來詢問多久之后，常用于將來時(shí)；howlong用來詢問多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間；since自從；from從。根據(jù)“Notlong（不長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）”可知，這是在描述做某事用了多久，因此特殊疑問詞應(yīng)用howlong；又知答語應(yīng)為一段時(shí)間，所以所缺部分應(yīng)與thisWednesday構(gòu)成時(shí)間段，howlong提問，答語常為for+一段時(shí)間或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，而且thisWednesday“這周三”為一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以用since。故選B。13．—Ibecameateacher15years________.Ihavebeenateacher________2007.—Thatmeansyouhavetaughthere________about15years.A．a(chǎn)go;since;for B．before;for;since C．a(chǎn)go;in;for D．a(chǎn)go;since;after【答案】A【詳解】句意：——15年前我成為了一名教師。自從2007年以來我一直是老師。——這意味著你已經(jīng)在這里教了大約15年了。考查介詞用法。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞“became”可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，15yearsago“十五年前”，是表示過去的時(shí)間短語；根據(jù)“havebeen”可知時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示一段時(shí)間，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用；根據(jù)“about15years”可知for+一段時(shí)間，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。故選A。14．—Wouldyoumind________here?

—________.Theseathasbeentakenbyanoldperson.A．mysitting;You’dbetternot B．mesitting;OfcourseC．Isitting;Certainlynot D．mesitting;No,youwouldn’t【答案】A【詳解】——你介意我坐這兒?jiǎn)?？——你最好不要。這個(gè)座位已經(jīng)被一個(gè)老人占了。考查mindsb.doing結(jié)構(gòu)。sitting為動(dòng)名詞，所以前面應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my。根據(jù)“Theseathasbeentakenbyanoldperson.”可知，座位已經(jīng)被一個(gè)老人占了，所以你最好不要坐這兒。故選A。15．—Doyouknowhowto________acryingbaby?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Ithinkit’stoohard.A．falldown B．comedown C．breakdown D．calmdown【答案】D【詳解】句意：——你知道如何讓哭泣的嬰兒安靜下來嗎？——對(duì)不起，我不知道。我覺得這太難了?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語。falldown跌倒；comedown降落；breakdown打破；calmdown冷靜下來。根據(jù)“Doyouknowhowto...acryingbaby?”可知此處詢問的是讓一個(gè)哭泣的嬰兒怎么樣不哭，即冷靜下來，故選D。二、完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AnIndianmumlostpartsofhertwolegsduringatornado（龍卷風(fēng)）.Shesavedherchildren’slivesbyprotectingthemwithherownbody.The36-year-oldStephanieDeckersaidina(n)16thatshepickeduphertwochildrenearlyfromschoolwhenabigstormwascomingnear.Theywereinthefamily’sundergroundroomwhenthestorm17.“Ihaveneverseensuchastrongwindbefore,”Deckersaid.“Assoonastheglassbroke,thewholehousestartedshaking.”Shehadnotimebuttomadea18decisiontosaveherchildrenatonce,19themupinablanketandthrowingherselfontopofthem.“Everythingstartedcrashingintomy20,”shesaid.Mychildrenwerescreaming,“Mummy,Ican’tlivewithoutyou,pleasedon’tletmedie.”AndIsaid,“We’renotgoingtodie,andwearegoingtomakeit.”21,herchildrenweresafefromthestormcompletelyunharmed.Deckerlostonelegabovethekneeandtheotherabovetheankle.“WhenIlookeddownatmylegs,I22whathadhappened.Iwasafraidthatsomethingmoreterriblewouldhappen,23Itookmyphone,andmadeavideotomyhusband.”Deckersaid.“Iprayedtosurvive（幸存）,thatIwantthesekidstohaveamumandIdidnotwantthemtogrowupwithoutme.”Herprayers（祈禱）were24byaneighbour.Heranforhelpandfoundanofficertravellinginacar.Theofficerusedtourniquets（止血帶）tostopherbloodloss.“Itwaspretty25mywifewasabletosurvive.Mychildrenareherebecauseofher,”Stephanie’shusbandJoetoldthereporter.“Iletherknowthatnothingelseisimportant.She’sgoingtobehereforourkids,andshegetstoseethemgrowup.”16．A．interview B．guide C．play D．speech17．A．dropped B．rushed C．hit D．blew18．A．different B．quick C．hard D．special19．A．dressing B．giving C．putting D．tying20．A．face B．head C．back D．neck21．A．Suddenly B．Recently C．Hopelessly D．Luckily22．A．realized B．believed C．remembered D．wondered23．A．a(chǎn)nd B．so C．but D．a(chǎn)s24．A．a(chǎn)nswered B．a(chǎn)llowed C．missed D．refused25．A．interesting B．boring C．worrying D．a(chǎn)mazing【答案】16．A17．C18．B19．D20．C21．D22．A23．B24．A25．D【分析】本文講述了一位母親在暴風(fēng)雨中保護(hù)孩子不受傷，而自己卻失去了腿的故事。16．句意：36歲的StephanieDecker在一次采訪中說，當(dāng)一場(chǎng)大風(fēng)暴即將來臨的時(shí)候，她早早地從學(xué)校接走了她的兩個(gè)孩子。interview采訪；guide向?qū)?；play玩耍；speech演講。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，Decker是在一個(gè)采訪中描述的自己經(jīng)歷，故選A。17．句意：暴風(fēng)雨來襲時(shí)，他們?cè)诩依锏牡叵率依?。dropped掉下；rushed急忙；hit襲擊；blew吹。根據(jù)“whenthestorm”可知，此處指暴風(fēng)雨來襲時(shí)的情況，故選C。18．句意：她沒有時(shí)間，只能迅速作出決定，立即救她的孩子們。different不同的；quick快速的；hard艱難的；special特別的。在孩子們面臨危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，她必須做出快速的決定，故選B。19．句意：用毯子把他們捆起來然后自己趴在他們身上。dressing打扮；giving給予；putting放；tying系。在暴風(fēng)雨來襲時(shí)，為了保證孩子們的安全，要把他們牢牢系在一起才可以，故選D。20．句意：所有東西都開始砸到我的背上。face臉；head頭；back后背；neck脖子。根據(jù)“…themupinablanketandthrowingherselfontopofthem”可知，把自己的身軀蓋在孩子們身上，按照常識(shí)應(yīng)該是后背朝外，所以所有東西都砸在了她的背上，故選C。21．句意：幸運(yùn)的是，她的孩子們?cè)诒╋L(fēng)雨中安然無恙。Suddenly突然；Recently最近；Hopelessly毫無希望地；Luckily幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)“herchildrenweresafefromthestormcompletelyunharmed”可知，孩子們都安全，這是一件幸運(yùn)的事，故選D。22．句意：當(dāng)我低頭看我的腿時(shí)，我意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么。realized意識(shí)到；believed相信；remembered記得；wondered想知道。根據(jù)“WhenIlookeddownatmylegs”可知，看到自己的腿時(shí)意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么，故選A。23．句意：我擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)生更可怕的事，所以我拿起手機(jī)，錄了段視頻給我丈夫。and和；so所以；but但是；as作為?！癐wasafraidthatsomethingmoreterriblewouldhappen”與“Itookmyphone”是因果關(guān)系，前是因，后是果，用連詞so表示“所以”，故選B。24．句意：她的祈禱得到了鄰居的響應(yīng)。answered回應(yīng)；allowed允許；missed錯(cuò)過；refused拒絕。根據(jù)“Herprayers（祈禱）were…byaneighbour”可知，祈禱得到了回應(yīng)，故選A。25．句意：我妻子能活下來真是太不可思議了。interesting有趣的；boring無聊的；worrying擔(dān)心的；amazing令人驚異的。根據(jù)前面的描述，他的妻子腿受傷了，這樣的情況下能活下來是很令人驚訝的，故選D。三、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下列材料，從每題所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AEarthquakesmayhappenanywhereontheearth.Whensomeplates(版塊)oftheearthmovesuddenly,anearthquakehappens.Manyearthquakesbeginunderthesea.Theyoftenhappennearthemountains(山脈),too.Duringanearthquake,theshakingsmakerocksrisesuddenlyandevencrack(斷裂)open.Housesfall,peoplearekilledorhurt,andsometimesthewholevillagesorcitiesaredestroyed(破壞).Canwedosomethingtokeepourselvessafefromearthquakes?Scientistshavestudiedearthquakesandmademapsthatshowthe“earthquakebelts”.Inareasinthesebelts,it’spossibleforearthquakestohappen.Intheseareasweshouldbuildstronghousestofightagainst(對(duì)抗)earthquakes.Inthefuture,scientistswillbeabletotellwhenandwhereanearthquakewillbebeforetheyhappen.Theycanalsotellpeoplewhattodoandhowtodoit.26．Thereasonforanearthquakeis_________.A．thattherearesomanyplatesontheearth B．thattheseaistoodeepC．Rocks’crackingopen D．thatthemountainsaretoohigh27．Alotofearthquakesoftenhappens_________.A．inthearea B．nexttomountains C．a(chǎn)tnight D．inthemorning28．Amapshowingtheearthquakebeltswilltellpeople_________.A．whatkindofhousestobuildB．whatkindofhousescanstayupinanearthquakeC．whereearthquakesmayhappenD．whenearthquakesmayhappen【答案】26．A27．B28．C【分析】本文主要介紹了地震發(fā)生時(shí)帶來的危害，以及為了預(yù)防地震我們可以做什么。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whensomeplatesoftheearthmovesuddenly,anearthquakehappens.”可知，當(dāng)?shù)厍虻哪承┌鍓K突然移動(dòng)時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生地震。故選A。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theyoftenhappennearthemountains,too.”可知，地震經(jīng)常發(fā)生在山區(qū)附近，故選B。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Scientistshavestudiedearthquakesandmademapsthatshowthe‘earthquakebelts’.Inareasinthesebelts,it’spossibleforearthquakestohappen.Intheseareasweshouldbuildstronghousestofightagainstearthquakes.”可知，科學(xué)家們研究了地震，并繪制了顯示“地震帶”的地圖，在這些地區(qū)，地震是有可能發(fā)生的，我們應(yīng)該建造堅(jiān)固的房屋來抵抗地震。故選C。BColourfulfruitandvegetablesaregoodforyourhealth.Theirnaturalcolourshelpprotectyourbodyfromdisease.Thinkaboutthesecoloursandfood:theredoftomatoes,theorangeofcarrots,thegreenofkiwifruit(獼猴桃),andthepurpleofgrapes.Youcanenjoyeatingfruitandvegetablesofallcolours:green,yellow,orange,red,blue,purpleandwhite.Eachcolourhassomethingunique(獨(dú)一無二的)andimportantforgoodhealth.

Theyworktogethertoprotectyourbody.Scientistshavesurprisinglydiscoveredthebenefitsofcolourfulfruitandvegetables.Thelistbelowshowsthebenefitsofsomecoloursinfruitandvegetables.●Redgivesyouahealthyheart.Itcanreducetheriskofheartdisease.Redhelpspreventcancer.Ithelpsimproveyourmemorytoo.●Yellowandorangegiveyouahealthyimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng)).

Theyarealsogoodforyoureyes.Theyhelppreventblindnessintheold.●Whitecankeepcholesterol(膽固醇)atalowerlevel.●Greenhelpspreventcancer.Itisgoodforyoureyes.Italsogivesyoustrongbonesandteeth.●Blueandpurplehelpprotectyourmemoryasyougrowold.Theyalsohelpfightcancerandheartdisease.Sowhenyoubuyoreatfruitandvegetables,remember:themorecolours,thebetter!29．Eatingfruitandvegetablesofdifferentcolourswillmakeyou________.A．healthy B．unhealthy C．getweight D．loseweight30．Theunderlinedword“benefits”means“________”inthepassage.A．益處 B．危害 C．營(yíng)養(yǎng) D．后果31．Danielhaspooreyesight.Whatcolourfruitandvegetablesaregoodforhim?A．Red,yellowandorange. B．White,greenandblue.C．Yellow,orangeandgreen. D．Blue,redandwhite.【答案】29．A30．A31．C【分析】本文是說明文，介紹了不同顏色的水果和蔬菜對(duì)人的健康的好處。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Eachcolourhassomethinguniqueandimportantforgoodhealth”，可知吃不同顏色的水果和蔬菜會(huì)讓你健康，故選A。30．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“Redgivesyouahealthyheart”，結(jié)合其他四點(diǎn)不同顏色的好處，可知benefits表示“好處”，故選A。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“●Yellowandorangegiveyouahealthyimmunesystem.Theyarealsogoodforyoureyes.●Greenhelpspreventcancer.Itisgoodforyoureyes”，可知黃色、橙色和綠色有益于視力，故選C。CYoumayhearaboutearthquakes,butdoyouknowwhattodobefore,duringandafteranearthquake?Hereissomeadviceforyou：Beforeanearthquake

It’snecessarytoprepareyourselfandyourfamily.Allfamilymembersshouldknowhowtoturnoffgas,waterandelectricity(電)andknowusefultelephonenumbers（doctor,hospital,police,119,etc.）.Neverputheavythingsoverbeds.Duringanearthquake

It’simportantforeachofyoutostaycalm（冷靜）.Ifyouareindoors,quicklymovetoasafeplaceintheroomsuchasunderastrongdeskorastrongtable.Thepurposeistoprotectyourselffromfallingobjects.Stayawayfromwindows,largemirrors,heavyfurnitureandsoon.Ifyouarecooking,turnoffthegas.Ifyouareoutdoors,movetoanopenarealikeaplayground.Moveawayfrombuildings,bridgesandtrees.Ifyouaredriving,stopthecarassoonaspossible,stayingawayfrombridgesandtallbuildings.Stayinyourcar.Afteranearthquake

Oncetheshakinghasstopped,DONOTrunoutofthebuildingatonce.It’sbettertowaitandleavewhenitissafe.Checkaroundyouandhelpthepeoplewhoareintrouble.Ifyourbuildingisbadlybrokenyoushouldleaveit.Ifyousmellorhearagas,geteveryoneoutsideandopenwindowsanddoors.Ifyoucandoitsafely,turnoffthegas.Reportittothegascompany.32．Beforeanearthquake,youshouldn’t________.A．sleepinyourbedatnightB．remembersomeusefultelephonenumbersC．knowhowtoturnoffgas,waterandelectricityD．putheavythingsoverbeds33．Theunderlinedword“purpose”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A．whyyoudothis B．whenyoudothisC．howtoprotectyourself D．wheretofindasaferplace34．Whentheearthstopsshaking,youshould________.A．checkaroundyoufirst B．runoutofthebuildingatonceC．breakthewindowsanddoors D．writeareporttoyourcompany35．Youcanlearn________afterreadingthepassage.A．howanearthquakehappens B．whattodotopreventanearthquakeC．whatanearthquakeislike D．howtoprotectyourselfinanearthquake【答案】32．D33．A34．A35．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講在地震前，地震中和地震后需要做的事情。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Neverputheavythingsoverbeds.”可知床頭不要放重物。故選D。33．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Ifyouareindoors,quicklymovetoasafeplaceintheroomsuchasunderastrongdeskorastrongtable.”及“Thepurposeistoprotectyourselffromfallingobjects.Stayawayfromwindows,largemirrors,heavyfurnitureandsoon.Ifyouarecooking,turnoffthegas.”可知在結(jié)實(shí)的桌子下躲著是為了保護(hù)自己免受重物的傷害。故“purpose”表示“目的”。即為什么要這樣做。故選A。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It’sbettertowaitandleavewhenitissafe.Checkaroundyouandhelpthepeoplewhoareintrouble.”可知此處指地震之后先看下周圍是否安全。故選A。35．主旨大意題。本文主要講發(fā)生地震了如何保護(hù)自己。故選D。DBeingcaughtinafloodisquitedangerous.Likemanyothernaturaldisasters,floodscanhappenwithlittleornowarning.Floodwatermovesquicklyanditisknowntopulltreesoutoftheground,washawaybuildingsandcausebridgestocomedown.Ofcourse,drowning(溺死)isadangerduringaflood,notonlybecausethereissomuchwateranditismovingquickly,butalsobecauseofwhatthewateriscarrying.Piecesofglass,bricksandmetalcaughtinthemovingwatercanhurtanyoneinthefloodwater,makingitmoredifficulttoswimorwalkthroughwater.Moreover,floodscancausepowercut,trafficjamsandwidedestruction(毀滅).Andtheflooditselfisn’ttheonlythingtodealwith.Thethingafterthefloodcanbejustasdifficult,becauseitmaynotbepossibletosendbasicsuppliessuchasfoodanddrinkingwatertothearea.Sohowtoprotectourselvesduringtheflood?Herearesometipsforyou:1Avoidbridgesthatcrossquickly-movingwater,asfloodwaterscancausebridgestocomedown,2Listentothegovernment’sradioforfurtherinstructions.Ifyouaretoldtomovetoasaferplace,doso.3Stayinsideacartrappedbyfast-movingwater.Onlygetoutifthewaterbeginstofloodthecaritself,thenmovetothetopofthecar.4Nevertrytowalk,swimordrivethroughfloodwaters.Itonlytakessixinchesofmovingwatertoknockapersonofftheirfeet.5Stayawayfrom,astheyareoftenknockeddownduringstrongstormsandflooding.Theycancausewaterallaroundtobecomecharged,leadingtopeople’sdeathbecausethepowerisn’tcutoff.Aftertheflood,donotdrinkwateroruseittowashdishes,brushteeth.Drinkclean,safewater.Ifyoumovedfromyourhome,returntoitonlyafterthelocalgovernmenthavesaiditissafetodoso.36．Wheredoesthispassagecomefrom?A．Aguidebook B．Amovieposter C．Localnewspapers D．ABiologymagazine37．Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tmakedrowningagreatdangerduringaflood?A．Thereissomuchwater.B．Thewaterismovingveryfast.C．Thefloodwatercarriespiecesofglass,bricksandmetal.D．Someofthepeoplearenotgoodatswimming.38．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin_______?A．fallentrees B．powerlines C．hardrocks D．brokenhouses39．Whatdoweknowaboutfloodsaccordingtothepassage?A．Aftertheflood,itiseasyforustosendbasicsuppliestothearea.B．Sixinchesoffloodwaterisn’tstrongenoughtoknockpeopledown.C．Ifyouareagoodswimmer,youcanswimacrossthefloodwatersafely.D．Floodscancausealotofproblemsnotonlyduringthefloodbutalsoaftertheflood.40．Thispassageiswrittento_______.A．Telluswhatcausestheflood.B．Tellushowdangerousthefloodis.C．Tellushowtopreventfloodsfromhappening.D．Introducefloods’dangerandtipsforprotectingourselves.【答案】36．C37．D38．B39．D40．D【分析】文章介紹了洪水的危害以及如何在洪水期間保護(hù)自己的一些建議。36．推理判斷題。根據(jù)整個(gè)文章的理解可知，主要是介紹洪水爆發(fā)期間的一些危害以及如何在洪水期間保護(hù)自己的一些建議，應(yīng)該是出自報(bào)紙上，故選C。37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ofcourse,drowning(溺死)isadangerduringaflood...makingitmoredifficulttoswimorwalkthroughwater.”可知，不擅長(zhǎng)游泳不會(huì)使溺水在洪水期間成為很大的危險(xiǎn)，故選D。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“astheyareoftenknockeddownduringstrongstormsandflooding.Theycancausewaterallaroundtobecomecharged,leadingtopeople’sdeathbecausethepowerisn’tcutoff.”可知，會(huì)導(dǎo)致周圍的水充滿電，導(dǎo)致人們死亡的應(yīng)該是電線電線桿，故選B。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Beingcaughtinafloodisquitedangerous.”以及“Aftertheflood,donotdrinkwateroruseittowashdishes,brushteeth.”可知，洪水不僅在洪水期間，而且在洪水之后也會(huì)造成很多問題，故選D。40．主旨大意題。根據(jù)整個(gè)文章的理解可知，文章主要是介紹洪水的危險(xiǎn)及保護(hù)自己的建議，故選D。非選擇題（共50分）四、填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）A）根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給的漢語寫出單詞，使句子意思完整正確，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為41—45的相應(yīng)位置上。41．Tomstayed(醒著的)becauseofthenoisefromnextdoor.【答案】awake【詳解】句意：湯姆因?yàn)楦舯趥鱽淼脑胍舳恢?。awake意為“醒著的”，形容詞作系動(dòng)詞“stay”的表語。故填awake。42．Davidwasreportedformorethanthreedays.（失蹤）【答案】missing【詳解】句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，大衛(wèi)失蹤了三天多。missing“失蹤”，形容詞作主語補(bǔ)足語。故填missing。43．MyfamilywenttotheparklastSunday.Iwentrowingmybrotherwentrunning.(然而)【答案】while【詳解】句意：我家上周日去公園了。我去劃船而我的弟弟去跑步了。由句意及語境推測(cè)，本題考查while“然而”，連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列句子，表示“對(duì)比”關(guān)系。故填while。44．Theradiosaysa(暴風(fēng)雨)isonitsway.Wemustprepareforit.【答案】rainstorm/storm【詳解】句意：收音機(jī)說暴風(fēng)雨就要來了。我們必須為此做好準(zhǔn)備。rainstorm/storm“暴風(fēng)雨”，可數(shù)名詞，由“a”可知，此處用單數(shù)。故填rainstorm/storm。45．Therabbitsraninallwhenthewolvescamecloser.(方向)【答案】directions【詳解】句意：狼走近時(shí)，兔子向四面八方跑去?！胺较颉睘閐irection，是名詞，根據(jù)句中all可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式directions，inalldirections意為“四面八方”，故填directions。B）根據(jù)句子意思，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為46—50的相應(yīng)位置上。46．ManypeoplegothurtorevendiedintheearthquakeinTurkey.(bad)【答案】badly【詳解】句意：在土耳其的地震中，許多人受了重傷，甚至死亡。此處需要副詞來修飾gothurt，bad后加ly變副詞。故填badly。47．He(tie)asheeptoatreewhenIsawhim.【答案】wastying【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我看到他時(shí)，他正在把一只羊綁在樹上。根據(jù)“whenIsawhim”在此處是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句為一般過去時(shí)。主語“He”為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語用was，tie的現(xiàn)在分詞為tying。故填wastying。48．Isawhim(play)theviolinwhenIwalkedpasttheroom.【答案】playing【詳解】句意：我走過房間時(shí)看見他正在拉小提琴。playtheviolin“拉小提琴”，固定短語，根據(jù)“whenIwalkedpasttheroom”可知，應(yīng)該是正在拉小提琴，seesb.doingsth.表示“看見某人正在做某事”。故填playing。49．I’msorryI’mlate,Sir.Mycar(break)downonmywayhere.【答案】broke【詳解】句意：對(duì)不起，先生，我遲到了。我的車在來的路上壞了。break是動(dòng)詞，車子壞了的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填broke。50．The(rule)ofthecountryarethepeoplewhoreallyloveit.【答案】rulers【詳解】句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的統(tǒng)治者是真正熱愛它的人民。根據(jù)“The…ofthecountryarethepeoplewhoreallyloveit”可知是，這個(gè)國(guó)家的統(tǒng)治者；由表語“thepeople”是復(fù)數(shù)可知，作主語的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。rule“控制，統(tǒng)治”，動(dòng)詞，其名詞是ruler“統(tǒng)治者”，復(fù)數(shù)是rulers。故填rulers。C）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下面方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語填空，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為51—55的相應(yīng)位置上。閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空，有的需要加助動(dòng)詞或不定式符號(hào)(每詞限用一次)。program

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manage

insteadof

simpleCHATBOTS—WhattheydoandwhytheymatterChatbotsarechangingthewaycustomersinteract(互動(dòng))withbusinesses.Thinkaboutthis,51clickingonlinkonacompany’swebsite,youcould52typeaquestionandgetanimmediateanswer.Somecompaniesareworkingtomakethisarealityusingchatbots.Chatbotsarecomputer53thatcancommunicatewithhumanbeingsbyphone,onmessagingapps(應(yīng)用軟件)oronwebsites.Chatbotscan54information,answerfrequentlyaskedquestions(FAQs)andcollectinformationfromusers.Theycanbeusedto55paymentsforonlineshopping,tohelpusersdecidewhattheywanttobuyandtomakeappointments.【答案】51．insteadof52．simply53．programs54．lookup55．manage【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了什么是聊天機(jī)器人以及它們能做什么。51．句意：想想看，你可以簡(jiǎn)單地輸入一個(gè)問題并立即得到答案，而不是點(diǎn)擊公司網(wǎng)站上的鏈接。根據(jù)“youcould...typeaquestionandgetanimmediateanswer”可知，你可以輸入一個(gè)問題并立即得到答案，也就是不需要點(diǎn)擊公司網(wǎng)站。結(jié)合“...clickingonlinkonacompany’swebsite”和備選詞匯可知，insteadof“而不是”符合語境，故填insteadof。52．句意：想想看，你可以簡(jiǎn)單地鍵入一個(gè)問題并立即得到答案，而不是點(diǎn)擊公司網(wǎng)站上的鏈接。根據(jù)“youcould...typeaquestionandgetanimmediateanswer”可知，該空填一個(gè)副詞，修飾動(dòng)作type。simple“簡(jiǎn)單的”，形容詞；simply“簡(jiǎn)單地”，副詞，符合語境，故填simply。53．句意：聊天機(jī)器人是可以通過電話、消息應(yīng)用程序或網(wǎng)站與人類進(jìn)行通信的計(jì)算機(jī)程序。分析句子可知，“thatcancommunicatewithhumanbeingsbyphone,onmessagingappsoronwebsites”是定語從句，該空是先行詞，所以是名詞，結(jié)合備選詞匯可知，program“程序”符合語境，且由謂語動(dòng)詞are可知用program復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填programs。54．句意：聊天機(jī)器人可以查找信息、回答常見問題和收集用戶信息。結(jié)合“Chatbotscan...information,answerfrequentlyaskedquestions(FAQs)andcollectinformationfromusers.”可知，聊天機(jī)器人可以查找信息、回答常見問題和收集用戶信息。lookup“查詢”符合語境，且can后加動(dòng)詞原形，故填lookup。55．句意：它們可以用于管理網(wǎng)上購物的付款，幫助用戶決定他們想買什么以及預(yù)約。beusedtodo“被用來做某事”，所以該空填動(dòng)詞原形，結(jié)合備選詞匯可知，manage“管理”符合語境，故填manage。五、閱讀填空（共20小題，每小題1分，滿分20分）A）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容，在文章后第56—65小題的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為56—65的相應(yīng)位置上。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格中所缺的信息，每空一詞。Beyonditsinfluenceonhealth,notgettingenoughsleepcanleadtocaraccidentsorothermistakes.Herearewhatsleepresearchershavefoundabouthowtosleep.Howmuchsleepdoweactuallyneed?Itisknownthatallofusnaturallyneednolessthaneighthoursofsleeppernight.Whenwesleepbelowsixhoursper24,we'reatanincreasedriskofhealthproblems.Someofusthinkwecanmakeupanyofthosehourslostduringtheweekontheweekends.Sadlythereisnostoragesystemforsleepinthebrain.Canwetrainourselvestoneedlesssleep?Asastudyin1964,a17-year-oldboynamedRandyGardnerstayedawakefor264hours.Howmanypeoplecoulddoanythingclosetothatwithoutdying?Whenyouarereadingthis，youmightsayyouusuallygetsixhoursofsleepandfeeljustfine.Sleepexpertsoftencomparepeoplewithoutenoughsleeptodrunkdrivers：Theydon'tgetbehindthewheelthinkingthey'reprobablygoingtokillsomeone.Canwedrinkcoffeeinsteadofsleeping?Coffeecankeepusawake.Remember,toomuchcoffeemaythrowoffoursleepandenergycycles.Solimitcoffeeandavoidcaffeineforfourtosixhoursbeforebedtime.Doesasenseorpurposeconnecttosleepquality?Anewresearchsuggestsakindofstrongconnectionbetweenpurposeinlifeandsleep.Peoplewhohaveagreatersenseofpurposeusuallyhavebetterphysicalandmentalhealth,whichinturnexplainstheirhigher-qualitysleep.Perhapsdevelopingasenseofpurposeinlifecouldbeasusefulatimprovingsleepasthehealthyhabitsabove.HowtosleepIntroductionNotgettingenoughsleepcaninfluenceourhealthand56manymistakes.Findingsfrom57researchersHowmuchsleepdoweactuallyneed?·Eighthoursofsleepanightis58forallofus.·Sleepinglessthansixhoursadaycan59theriskofhealthproblems.·Itis60tomakeupthelostsleepinghoursduringtheworkweek.Canwetrainourselvestoneedlesssleep?·Peoplewithoutenoughsleepwouldinsistthattheywere61butweren'tdoingwellatall.Canwedrinkcoffeeinsteadofsleeping?·Usingcoffeeinsteadofsleepingmightleadtosleep62.·Drinkproperamountofcoffeeatproper63.Doesasenseofpurposeconnecttosleepquality?·Asenseofpurposeinlifeisclosely64withsleepquality.·Peoplewithagreatersenseofpurposemaysleep65.【答案】cause57．sleep58．necessary59．increase60．impossible61．fine62．mess/disorder63．time64．connected65．better【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。睡眠不足不僅影響健康，也全導(dǎo)致交通意外事故和其他失誤。專家們從我們實(shí)際需要多少睡眠、我們能否訓(xùn)練少睡、喝咖啡能否代替睡眠、目標(biāo)感與睡眠質(zhì)量等方面說明我們應(yīng)該怎樣擁有好的睡眠。56．根據(jù)第一段中“notgettingenoughsleepcanleadtocaraccidentsorothermistakes”可知空處應(yīng)用“l(fā)eadto(導(dǎo)致)”的同義詞“cause”。故填：cause。57．根據(jù)第一段中“Herearewhatsleepresearchershavefoundabouthowtosleep.”可知用“sleep”修飾“researchers”。故填：sleep。58．根據(jù)第二段中“Itisknownthatallofusnaturallyneednolessthaneighthoursofsleeppernight.”可知,本句中用形容詞“necessary”來代替原句中的“naturallyneed”。故填：necessary。59．根據(jù)第二段中“Whenwesleepbelowsixhoursper24,we'reatanincreasedriskofhealthproblems.”可知,本句用原文中的形容詞“increased”的動(dòng)詞形式“increase”,位于“can”后作謂語。故填：increase。60．根據(jù)第二段中“Sadlythereisnostoragesystemforsleepinthebrain.”可知，本句中用形容詞“impossible”，表示“不可能的”。故填：impossible。61．根據(jù)第四段中“Whenyouarereadingthis,youmightsayyouusuallygetsixhoursofsleepandfeeljustfine.”可知此處用形容詞“fine”。故填：fine。62．根據(jù)第五段中“toomuchcoffeemaythrowoffoursleepandenergycycles”可知，喝太多的咖啡會(huì)使睡眠混亂。故填：mess/disorder。63．根據(jù)第五段中“Solimitcoffeeandavoidcaffeineforfourtosixhoursbeforebedtime.”可推知，應(yīng)在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間喝適量的咖啡。故填：time。64．根據(jù)最后一段中“Anewresearchsuggestsakindofstrongconnectionbetweenpurposeinlifeandsleep.”可知，目標(biāo)感和睡眠質(zhì)量密切相關(guān)，空處應(yīng)填“connected”構(gòu)成“beconnectedwith”，表示“與……相關(guān)”。故填：connected。65．根據(jù)最后一段中“Peoplewhohaveagreatersenseofpurposeusuallyhavebetterphysicalandmentalhealth,whichinturnexplainstheirhigher-qualitysleep.”可知，此處用“well”的比較級(jí)“better”修飾動(dòng)詞“sleep”。故填：bett