2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提升作業(yè)十二必修4Unit12CultureShock含解析北師大版

十二必修4Unit12CultureShockⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·荊門模擬)ABritishfriendtoldmehecouldn’tunderstandwhyChinesepeopleloveeatingsunflowerseeds(嗑瓜子)asasnacksomuch.“I’vemetalotofolderChineseandmanyhaveacrackintheirfrontteeth;Ibelievethat’sfromcrackingtheseeds,〞hesaid.Ihadnevernoticedthehabit,butoncehementionedit,Isuddenlybecamemoreaware.IrealizedthatwheneverI’mwatchingTVortypingareport,Ialwaysstartmindlesslycrackingsunflowerseeds.Myfrienddoesn’tlikesunflowerseeds,and,tohim,itseemsunnecessarytoworksomuchjusttogetonesmallseed.Whenwewereyoung,thewholefamilywouldusuallygettogetherforChineseNewYear.Then,wealllivedclosetooneanother,usuallyinasmallcity,andsometimesevenneighborswouldgodoor-to-dooronChineseNewYear’sEvetocheckoutwhateveryhouseholdwasmaking.Iremembermyparentswouldbeinthekitchencooking.Outinthelivingroom,alargetablewouldalreadybelaidout,completewithfancytablecloth,ready-madedumplingfillings,anddishesfullofcandy,fruitsandsunflowerseeds.Someofthedishesweretobeofferedtoourancestorslater,whileotherswereforneighborsandchildrentoeatbeforetheeveningfeast.Imusthavelearnedhowtocracksunflowerseedsbackthen.Idon’tthinkit’srighttocriticizeone’schoiceinfoodoreatinghabits,nomatterhowstrangetheymayseem.It’snotonlyinChina.WhenIwentabroad,Ifoundpeoplehadallsortsofstrangehabitswhenitcametofood.InDenmark,theyputsaltedredfishonbreadandeatitfordinner,nomatterhowmuchitruinsyourbreath.Theythinkit’sadelicacy(美味佳肴),andit’sconnectedtotheircertainculture.Ithinkit’sawonderfultradition.【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。用中國人喜歡嗑瓜子和丹麥人喜歡吃面包配咸紅魚來證明飲食習(xí)慣來自特定的文化。1.Whatdidthewriterbecomeawareof?A.Shehadevertypedareportaboutseeds.B.ShehadvarioussnackswhilewatchingTV.C.Shedamagedherteethbyeatingsunflowerseeds.D.Shehadahabitofcrackingsunflowerseeds.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ihadnevernoticedthehabit,butoncehementionedit,Isuddenlybecamemoreaware.IrealizedthatwheneverI’mwatchingTVortypingareport,Ialwaysstartmindlesslycrackingsunflowerseeds.〞可知,作者意識到自己有嗑瓜子的習(xí)慣,故D項(xiàng)正確。2.WhatdoesthewriterprovebymentioningChineseNewYear?A.Thetraditionsofcelebratingitdisappear.B.Eatingsunflowerseedsisrelatedtoit.C.Thefamiliesgettogetherforit.D.Childrencaneatdeliciousfoodonthatday.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知,春節(jié)的時(shí)候桌子上會擺放很多美食,其中就有瓜子,小孩可以在年夜飯前吃,作者就是在那時(shí)學(xué)會了嗑瓜子。由此可知,作者提到春節(jié)是為了證明嗑瓜子和春節(jié)有關(guān),故B項(xiàng)正確。3.Thewriter’sattitudetoDenmark’swayofeatingbreadis______.

A.neutral(中立的)B.critical(批評的)C.acceptable D.doubtful【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話可知,作者認(rèn)為丹麥人吃面包配咸紅魚是一個(gè)很好的傳統(tǒng)。由此可知,作者接受這種吃法,故C項(xiàng)正確。4.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthestory?A.Onekindoffooddoesn’tnecessarilysuiteveryone.B.Itisgoodtoformhealthyeatinghabits.C.Eatinghabitscomefromacertainculture.D.Changingyoureatinghabitswillchangeyourlife.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theythinkit’sadelicacy,andit’sconnectedtotheircertainculture.〞可知,丹麥人認(rèn)為這樣吃面包是美味的,這和他們的特定的文化有關(guān),正如作者喜歡嗑瓜子和春節(jié)文化有關(guān)。由此可知,飲食習(xí)慣來自特定的文化,故C項(xiàng)正確?！局R拓展】難句解讀IrealizedthatwheneverI’mwatchingTVortypingareport,Ialwaysstartmindlesslycrackingsunflowerseeds.分析:本句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,其中含有whenever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。翻譯:我意識到,每當(dāng)我在看電視或打報(bào)告的時(shí)候,我總是開始無意識地嗑葵花籽。BJoiningashort-termresearchprograminChinahasnotonlyallowedPakistaniagriculturalscientistSayyarKhantopushforwardwithhisacademicstudies,butalsogivenhimachancetoseeacountryhehadheardsomuchabout.Khan,41,isanassistantprofessorattheInstituteofBiotechnologyandGeneticsattheUniversityofAgriculturelocatedinthecityofPeshawarinPakistan.Heisnowdoingaone-yearpost-doctoralfellowshipattheBeijingAcademyofAgricultureandForestrySciences.TheprogramissponsoredbytheChineseMinistryofScienceandTechnology,andmanyyoungtalentedscientistswhocomefromcooperatingcountries,suchasPakistan,areofferedopportunitiestoworkinChina.Khan,whoarrivedinBeijinginNovemberlastyear,mainlystudiesthebulb(鱗莖)ofthelilyplant,whichisusedforbothtraditionalChinesemedicinesanddecorations.Hisjobistocheckthemicrobes(微生物)inthesoilaroundtheroots,andtrytoseparatethemicrobesthatarebeneficialtotheplant.AlthoughthisishisfirstvisittoChina,Khansaysheiswell-informedofthelongfriendshipbetweenChinaandPakistan.HeisimpressedbythecooperationineducationbetweenChinaandPakistan,especiallysincethebeginningoftheBeltandRoadInitiativein2021.KhansaystheBeltandRoadInitiativewillhaveaverypositiveimpactontheworld,andexpectstheChina-PakistanEconomicCorridortobringgreatbenefitstoPakistan.Sofar,hisresearchprogramisgoingwell,and40percentoftheworkhasbeencompleted.Thecurrentprojecthasactuallypaved(鋪設(shè))thewayforfurthercooperationbetweenhisuniversityandtheacademy,andthetwoorganizationshavealreadysignedamemorandumofunderstanding.Also,visitswerepaidtobothinstitutionsoverthepastfewmonthstodiscussfuturecooperation.“IhopethatIcancontinuevisitingChinatoparticipateinsuchcooperationprojects,〞hesays.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文,主要記敘了一位巴基斯坦科學(xué)家在中國高校學(xué)習(xí),從事科研的經(jīng)歷。5.WhydoesSayyarKhancometoChina?A.TovisitChina.B.ToteachinChina.C.Tocontinuehisstudy.D.Tomakebusiness.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段可知他想繼續(xù)他的學(xué)術(shù)研究。應(yīng)選C。6.WhatisSayyarKhan’sstudyofthebulboflilyplantfor?A.Checkingthemicrobesinthesoilaroundlily.B.TraditionalChinesemedicinesanddecorations.C.Isolatingthemicrobesinthesoilaroundlily.D.ProducingmoreChinesemedicinesonly.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Hisjobistocheckthemicrobesinthesoilaroundtheroots,andtrytoseparatethemicrobes...可知他研究的最終目的是別離鱗莖周圍土壤中的微生物。應(yīng)選C。7.WhatdoesKhanthinkoftherelationshipbetweenChinaandPakistan?A.Hopeful. B.Critical.C.Worried. D.Pessimistic.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的詞語“impressed;haveaverypositiveimpacton;bringgreatbenefitsto〞可知他對中巴關(guān)系充滿希望。應(yīng)選A。8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“memorandum〞inParagraph5?A.Name.B.Cheque.C.Document. D.Letter.【解析】選C。詞義猜想題。根據(jù)最后一段中的第二句“Thecurrentprojecthasactuallypavedthewayforfurthercooperationbetweenhisuniversityandtheacademy〞可知該詞與C選項(xiàng)“document〞文件意思相近。應(yīng)選C?！局R拓展】詞匯積累currentadj.現(xiàn)在的;流通的,通用的n.(水,氣,電)流;趨勢;涌流actuallyadv.實(shí)際上;事實(shí)上traditionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的;慣例的Ⅱ.閱讀填句(2021·鄭州模擬)Once,IhadanAmericanfriend.Aftershewentbackhome,Ineverheardfromheragain.Ican’thelpbutwonderiftherecaneverberealfriendshipbetweenWesternersandusChinese.Whatisfriendship?TheOxfordEnglishDictionarysays,“Theemotionsorconductoffriends.〞InbothWesternandChineseculture,wehavesimilarproverbswhenitcomestofriendship,suchas“afriendinneedisafriendindeed.〞1

Chinesepeoplevaluefriendshiphighly.Asyouknow,Chinesepeopleareknowntobeextremelyhospitableandopen-hearted.2However,therearedifferenttypesoffriendshipandtheytreatthemdifferently.

OnetypeoffriendinChinaisa“closeacquaintance〞whoonlyoccasionallyeatsanddrinksandhangsoutwithyou.IntheWest,theyarecalled“afair-weather(不可共患難的)friend.〞Nikkiwasthatkindoffriend.Despiteourlanguagebarrier,wehadalotoffuntogether.3Onlyrealfriendscanenteryourinnercircle,whereassistanceandspecialcarearealwaysprovided.

4Theytendtomakefriendswiththosewhosharethesamevaluesorinterests.Whenaforeignfriendofmineasksforfavorsonbehalfofhisorherfriend,Ioftenhavetoclarifywhetherthatpersonisa“closefriend〞orjustafriend,andthenIwilldecidehowmuchIwillhelp.

5Butthedepthofthatfriendshipisdifferent.SohowwillyouknowhowIfeelaboutyou?Well,themomentIstopbeingpolitearoundyou,youaremyrealfriend.

A.Theyrefertoanyonetheyknowasa“friend〞.B.FriendshipintheWestismostlypursuedforfun.C.However,thereisaculturalgapbetweenthetwosides.D.Ofcourse,WesternersandChinesepeoplecanbegoodfriends.E.Realfriendscansharealloursorrowsanddoubleallourjoys.F.ThesecondtypeoffriendinChinaisa“realfriend〞whoispracticallyyourfamily.G.They’lltaketurnswithyouinpickingupthebill,becausethat’swhatgoodfriendsdo.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中西方在友誼文化上的差距。1.【解析】選C。根據(jù)前一句“InbothWesternandChineseculture,wehavesimilarproverbswhenitcomestofriendship,suchas‘a(chǎn)friendinneedisafriendindeed.’〞可知,在中西方文化中,我們在友誼方面有類似的諺語,比方“患難見真情〞。C項(xiàng)“然而,雙方在文化上存在差距〞承上啟下,C項(xiàng)中的“thetwosides〞和上文“InbothWesternandChineseculture〞相照應(yīng),符合語境。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。2.【解析】選A。根據(jù)前一句“Asyouknow,Chinesepeopleareknowntobeextremelyhospitableandopen-hearted.〞可知,眾所周知,中國人非常好客,心胸開闊。A項(xiàng)“他們把認(rèn)識的人稱為‘朋友’〞承上啟下,符合語境。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。3.【解析】選F。根據(jù)上文的“OnetypeoffriendinChinaisa‘closeacquaintance’whoonlyoccasionallyeatsanddrinksandhangsoutwithyou.〞可知,在中國,有一種類型的朋友是“親密的熟人〞,只會偶爾和你一起吃吃喝喝和閑逛。F項(xiàng)“在中國,第二類朋友是‘真正的朋友’,實(shí)際上就是你的家人〞承上啟下,F項(xiàng)中的“ThesecondtypeoffriendinChina〞和上文的“OnetypeoffriendinChina〞相照應(yīng),符合語境。應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)。4.【解析】選B。根據(jù)后一句“Theytendtomakefriendswiththosewhosharethesamevaluesorinterests.〞可知,他們傾向于與那些價(jià)值觀或興趣相同的人交朋友。B項(xiàng)“西方的友誼主要是為了樂趣〞與下文緊密銜接,B項(xiàng)中的“forfun〞和下文的“sharethesamevaluesorinterests〞相照應(yīng),符合語境。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。5.【解析】選D。根據(jù)后一句“Butthedepthofthatfriendshipisdifferent.〞可知,但那種友誼的深度是不同的。D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)然,西方人和中國人可以成為好朋友〞與下文緊密銜接,D項(xiàng)中的“canbegoodfriends〞和下文的“thatfriendship〞相照應(yīng),符合語境。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)?！局R拓展】詞匯積累similaradj.相似的n.類似物depthn.深度occasionallyadv.偶爾;間或hangout閑逛Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2021·大慶模擬)Cultureconflictscanoccuranytimeyoutravel,buteveryonceinawhiletheyhappeninsome1.(true)unexpectedways.Fromshoppingwithmanycoinsto2.(light)upacigaretteoutdoors,thesearestrangeandembarrassingtravelmistakes3.(travel)woulddotheirbesttoavoid.Forexample,4.isillegaltofeedpigeonsonthestreetsofSanFrancisco.Thecity5.(know)fortheGoldenGateBridgeblamesthecommonbirdsforspreadingdiseaseanddamagingproperty.Anyone6.iscaughtprovidingfoodforSanFrancisco’spigeonscouldfaceaheavyfine.Moreover,citizens7.(encourage)toreportpigeonfeederstothecity’spolicedepartment.Foranotherexample,you’dbetterthinktwicebeforeyousmokeinSingapore.Singaporehas8.(serious)smokingpenalty(處分)intheworld.Smokinginpublicwillearnatoughfine.Moresurprisingly,ifyou’reshoppinginCanada,don’texpectcashiers9.(accept)manycoinsasyoursolemethodofpayment.AccordingtoCanada’sCurrencyAct,storescanlegallyrefuseexcessiveamounts10.coins.Withpennies,forexample,customers’paymentsmayberejectediftheytrytousemorethan25one-centcoinsatatime.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在旅行過程中要注意的一些文化差異。1.【解析】truly?？疾楦痹~。句意:在你旅行中,文化沖突隨時(shí)都可能發(fā)生,但偶爾也會以意想不到的方式發(fā)生?？崭袼诘木渥邮且粋€(gè)主干成分完整的句子,根據(jù)空格后的形容詞unexpected可知此處要用一個(gè)副詞來修飾形容詞,故答案為truly。2.【解析】lighting?？疾閯用~。句意:從用許多硬幣購物到在戶外點(diǎn)煙,這些都是旅行者應(yīng)該盡量防止的奇怪而為難的旅行錯(cuò)誤。空格前的to為介詞,故空格處要填一個(gè)動名詞,故答案為lighting。3.【解析】travelers?？疾槊~。句意:從用許多硬幣購物到在戶外點(diǎn)煙,這些都是旅行者應(yīng)該盡量防止的奇怪而為難的旅行錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)空格后“woulddotheirbesttoavoid〞可知空格處所填詞指人,故答案為travelers。4.【解析】it。考查代詞。句意:例如,在舊金山街頭喂鴿子是違法的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“tofeedpigeons〞是句子真正的主語,為了防止句子頭重腳輕,一般用it作形式主語,故答案為it。5.【解析】known。考查非謂語動詞。句意:這座以金門大橋聞名的城市,指責(zé)普通鳥類傳播疾病,破壞財(cái)產(chǎn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知blames是句子的謂語,故空格處要填所給動詞的非謂語形式,Thecity與know是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故答案為known。6.【解析】who/that?？疾槎ㄕZ從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意:任何為舊金山鴿子提供食物的人都將面臨高額罰款。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格所在的句子是一個(gè)缺少主語的定語從句,先行詞為不定代詞Anyone,故引導(dǎo)詞可以用that,先行詞指人,也可以用who引導(dǎo),故答案為who/that。7.【解析】areencouraged?？疾閯釉~語態(tài)。句意:此外,還鼓勵(lì)市民向市公安局舉報(bào)喂鴿子者。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處填謂語,citizens與encourage之間是被動關(guān)系,且前一句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài),根據(jù)主謂一致可知答案為areencouraged。8.【解析】themostserious。考查形容詞的最高級。句意:新加坡有世界上最嚴(yán)重的吸煙處分。根據(jù)空格后的名詞短語smokingpenalty可知空格處要填形容詞,根據(jù)intheworld可知這是在全世界范圍內(nèi),結(jié)合語境,此處要填形容詞最高級,故答案為themostserious。9.【解析】toaccept?？疾楣潭ù钆?。句意:如果你在加拿大購物,不要期望收銀員會接受很多硬幣作為你唯一的付款方式?！癳xpectsb.todosth.〞固定搭配,意為“期望某人做某事〞,故答案為toaccept。10.【解析】of。考查固定短語。句意:商店可以合法地拒絕過多大量的硬幣?！癮mountsof〞固定搭配,意為“大量的、相當(dāng)數(shù)量的〞,故答案為of。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2021·湖南模擬)Theword‘sorry’isprobablythemostoverusedwordintheUnitedKingdom:whetherpeoplearesorryabouttheweatherorsorrybecausesomeoneelsehasbumpedinto(撞上)them,chancesareanaveragepersonhasmadeatleastoneapologyinthepasthourortwo.TheBritishapologisemorefrequentlythanmembersofothercultures.Butwhy?ThereadinessoftheBritishtoapologiseforsomethingtheyhaven’tdoneisimpressive.InherbookWatchingtheEnglish,socialanthropologistKateFoxdescribesexperimentsinwhichshedeliberatelybumpedintohundredsofpeopleintownsandcitiesacrossEngland.Shealsoencouragedcolleaguestodothesameabroad,forcomparison.Foxfoundthataround80%ofEnglishvictimssaid‘sorry’—eventhoughthecollisionswereclearlyFox’sfault.“Possiblypeoplesaiditwithoutevenrealisingit,butcomparedtowhentouristsfromothercountrieswerebumpedinto,thedifferencewasmarked,〞Foxwrites.Britishsocietyvaluesthatitsmembersshowrespectwithoutimposing(強(qiáng)加)onsomeoneelse’spersonalspace,andwithoutdrawingattentiontooneself.Asaconsequence,Britishpeoplemaysometimesuse‘sorry’inawaythatcanseeminappropriatetooutsiders,includingAmericans.Theremaybesomebenefitstosay‘sorry’,too—suchasfosteringtrust.Interestingly,thatistrueevenwhenpeopleareapologisingnotformistakesthey’vemade,butratherforcircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol.Inonestudy,psychologistWoodBrooksarrangedforanactortoapproach65strangersatatrainstationonarainydayandasktoborrowtheirmobilephones.Inhalfthecases,theactorbeganbysaying:“Sorryabouttherain〞.Whenhedidthis,47%ofstrangersgavehimtheirmobiles,comparedtoonly9%whenhesimplyaskedtoborrowtheirphones.Furtherexperimentsconfirmeditwastheapologyabouttheweatherthatmattered,notthepolitenessoftheopeningsentence.“Bysaying‘I’msorryabouttherain’,theapologizeracknowledgesanunfortunatecircumstance,takesthevictim’sattitudeandexpressesempathyforthenegativecircumstance—eventhoughitisoutsideofhisorhercontrol,〞saysWoodBrooks.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹相較其他文化,英國人表示“sorry〞(對不起)時(shí)所具有的不同的文化內(nèi)涵。1.WhydidFoxdeliberatelybumpintopeople?A.Toprovewhatwaswritteninherbook.B.Tocomparetheresultsofherexperiments.C.Toseehowmanypeoplewouldmakeanapology.D.Toseehowmanypeoplewoulddemandanapology.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Foxfoundthataround80%ofEnglishvictimssaid‘sorry’—eventhoughthecollisionswereclearlyFox’sfault.可知,Fox發(fā)現(xiàn)大約80%的英國受害者說“對不起〞,盡管這些碰撞顯然是Fox的錯(cuò)。由此可知,Fox成心撞人,目的是想了解有多少人會抱歉。應(yīng)選C。2.Whatistheeffectofsayingsorrytopeopleabouttherain?A.Itmakesthembelieveinyou.B.Itmakesthemfeelconfident.C.Ithelpsthemdealwithadifficultsituation.D.Itmakesthemlessworriedabouttheweather.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段Theremaybesomebenefitstosay‘sorry’,too—suchasfosteringtrust.(說“對不起〞也可能有一些好處,例如促進(jìn)信任。)和第七段Inhalfthecases,theactorbeganbysaying:“Sorryabouttherain〞.Whenhedidthis,47%ofstrangersgavehimtheirmobiles,comparedtoonly9%whenhesimplyaskedtoborrowtheirphones.(在一半的情況下,演員一開始就說:“下雨了,很抱歉。〞當(dāng)他這么做時(shí),47%的陌生人把他們的給了他,而當(dāng)他只是簡單地向他們借時(shí),只有9%的人會這么做。)可知,為下雨的事向人們抱歉的效果是會贏得人們的信任。應(yīng)選A。3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?A.showsinterestinB.expressesdoubtsaboutC.giveshisorheropinionaboutD.sharesthevictim’sfeelingsabout【解析】選D。詞義猜想題。根據(jù)畫線局部前“Bysaying‘I’msorryabouttherain’,theapologizeracknowledgesanunfortunatecircumstance,takesthevictim’sattitude可知,通過說‘下雨了,很抱歉’,抱歉者成認(rèn)了一個(gè)不幸的情況,接受了受害者的態(tài)度;由此可知,接下來是要表示對受害者的同情;結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。應(yīng)選D。4.Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A.Socialskills.B.Changesinlanguages.C.Traditionalcustoms.D.Culturaldifferencesinlanguages.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。閱讀文章并結(jié)合第一段Theword‘sorry’isprobablythemostoverusedwordintheUnitedKingdom:whetherpeoplearesorryabouttheweatherorsorry...可知,本文主要介紹相較其他文化,英國人表示“sorry〞(對不起)時(shí)所具有的不同的文化內(nèi)涵。由此可知,本文主要關(guān)注了語言的文化差異。應(yīng)選D?！局R拓展】難句解讀Whenhedidthis,47%ofstrangersgavehimtheirmobiles,comparedtoonly9%whenhesimplyaskedtoborrowtheirphones.分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。其中when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候〞;comparedtoonly9%...為過去分詞短語作狀語。翻譯:當(dāng)他這么做時(shí),47%的陌生人把他們的給了他,而當(dāng)他只是簡單地向他們借時(shí),只有9%的人會這么做。Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·合肥模擬)Americansprefertotryeverywaytohavefun.Forexample,theydrivetheirowncars,someeventowasmallboataftervehicle.TheystartfromLosAngeles,Californiaundersun,1throughfourorfivehundredmilestogotoLaFulin,ColoradotospendweekendswhileChinesepeoplearestill2withwork,andhavedinnerathometogetherwithfamiliesatweekendsor3timewatchingTV.

Thedifferenceismainlyduetoculturalcustomsandtraditions4thetwocountries.ItissaidthatChinesepeoplearelivingforothers,whileAmericansarefor5.WhenChinesepeoplecometotheUnitedStates,theyfightfor6first,andthendesperatelymakemoneyaftertheyarerecognizedbyothers.Itseemsthat,thepurposetoearnmoneyisnottoenjoylife,7fortheirfollowinggenerationssonsanddaughtersandevengrandchildren.Chinesepeopleprefertosavemoney8emergency,suchasillness.AlthoughChinesepeoplewith9intheUnitedStatesdon’tneedtoworryabouttheirownsocialwelfareandhealthinsurance,theyworkstillveryhard,astheyhopethattheycan10moremoney.

Chinesepeople’sinterestisintheamountonthepassbook(存折),sotheyspend11moneyusually.

MostofChineseareverythrifty(節(jié)約的),andtheyare12tospendmoney,butthereareexceptions.Theyarewillingtospendmoneyontheir13.ManyChinesepeoplethinkthat,theyendure(容忍)many14,sotheywishthattheirchildrencouldlivemuchbetter.Therefore,intheUnitedStateselementaryschools,youcanseethatthosewho15thebestclothes,withmorepocketmoneyareChinesestudents.Incontrast,Americanchildrendressverysimply,withjustalittlepocketmoney.

16Chinese,Americansbelieveinlivingforthemselves.Theydoeverythingfortheirown.17,theyearnmoneytoenjoya18life,andpursueahigherqualityoflife.Asfortheirownparentsorchildren,theythinkthatparentshavetheirownpensionandsocialwelfare,andchildrenshouldlivea(n)19lifewhentheyare18yearsold.Sotheycouldboldlyspendmoneyonthemselves.20,Americanssavelittlemoney.Inthestreet,itiseasyforChinesetotakeout300-400dollars,butitishardtosayforAmericans.

【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。由于中美兩國文化和傳統(tǒng)差異,兩國人民對待錢的態(tài)度也非常不同。中國人努力掙錢、存錢,把錢留給自己的下一輩;而美國人掙錢是為了享受更好的生活。1.A.runningB.drivingC.goingD.walking【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意:他們從洛杉磯開始,在加利福尼亞的驕陽下,開車穿越了四五百英里去科羅拉多州過周末,而中國人仍然在忙著工作,周末和家人一起吃飯或者花時(shí)間看電視。running跑;driving開車;going去;walking走。根據(jù)上文的Forexample,theydrivetheirowncars可知此處用“開車〞符合語境,drive是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。2.A.boring B.pleasant C.busy D.angry【解析】選C。考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。boring無聊的;pleasant愉快的;busy繁忙的;angry生氣的。根據(jù)句意可知,此處考查短語bebusywithsth.“忙于某事〞,應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。3.A.spend B.take C.cost D.pay【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意:同上。spend花費(fèi);take花費(fèi);cost花費(fèi);pay支付。根據(jù)句意可知,此處考查固定短語spendtime(in)doingsth.“花時(shí)間做某事〞,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。4.A.through B.forC.among D.between【解析】選D?？疾榻樵~詞義辨析。句意:此不同之處主要是由于兩國之間的文化習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)。through穿過;for為了;among在(三者或以上)之間;between在(兩者)之間。根據(jù)上下文可知,此處是指中國和美國兩個(gè)國家之間的文化習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng),應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。5.A.themselves B.theirsC.them D.others【解析】選A?？疾榇~詞義辨析。句意:據(jù)說,中國人是為他人而活,而美國人是為他們自己而活。themselves他們自己;theirs他們的;them他們;others其他人。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用“他們自己〞符合語境,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。6.A.survival B.remainderC.existence D.material【解析】選A?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)中國人到美國時(shí),他們一開始是努力活下來,然后在被他人認(rèn)可后開始拼命掙錢。survival幸存,活下來;remainder通知單,提示物;existence存在;material物質(zhì),材料。根據(jù)下文的andthendesperatelymakemoney可知此處用“活下來〞符合語境,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。7.A.or B.nor C.but D.and【解析】選C?？疾椴⒘羞B詞辨析。句意:似乎掙錢不是為了享受生活,而是為了他們的子女后代甚至是孫子/女。or或者;nor也不;but但是;and和,并且。根據(jù)句意可知,此處考查固定表達(dá)not...but...“不是……而是……〞,應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。8.A.inpossessionofB.onaccountofC.inspiteof D.incaseof【解析】選D?？疾榻樵~短語辨析,句意:中國人偏向于存錢以防突發(fā)情況,例如疾病。inpossessionof擁有;onaccountof由于;inspiteof盡管;incaseof以防。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用“以防〞符合語境,應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。9.A.identity B.force C.fame D.power【解析】選A。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:盡管在美國有身份的中國人不用擔(dān)憂他們自己的社會福利和醫(yī)保,但是他們?nèi)匀缓芘Φ毓ぷ?因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ麄兛梢源娓噱X。identity身份;force武力;fame名聲;power力量。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處是指得到美國國籍的中國人,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。10.A.borrow B.give C.use D.save【解析】選D。考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。borrow借;give給;use使用;save存。根據(jù)上文的Chinesepeopleprefertosavemoney______emergency可知此處用“存〞符合語境,save是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。

11.A.large B.fewC.much D.little【解析】選D?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意:中國人的興趣在存折上錢的數(shù)量,因此他們平時(shí)幾乎不花錢。large大的;few幾乎沒有;much很多;little幾乎沒有。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用“幾乎沒有〞符合語境,few修飾可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。12.A.easy B.reluctantC.willing D.happy【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意:大多數(shù)中國人都很節(jié)約,他們不愿意花錢,但也有例外。easy容易的;reluctant不情愿的;willing樂意的;happy快樂的。根據(jù)上文的MostofChineseareverythrifty可知很多中國人不愿意花錢,應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。13.A.children B.relativesC.parents D.friends【解析】選A?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:他們樂意把錢花在孩子身上。children孩子;relatives親人;parents父母;friends朋友。根據(jù)上文的Itseemsthat,thepurposetoearnmoneyisnottoenjoylife,______fortheirfollowinggenerationssonsanddaughtersandevengrandchildren可知中國的父母愿意把錢花在孩子身上,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。

14.A.hardships B.problemsC.obsession D.convenience【解析】選A?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:很多中國人都認(rèn)為他們吃了很多苦,所以他們希望他們的孩子可以生活得更好。hardships困苦;problems問題;obsession癡迷;convenience便利。根據(jù)上下文可知,很多中國人因?yàn)樽约撼粤丝?所以希望孩子不吃苦,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。15.A.match B.decorateC.dress D.wear【解析】選D。考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:因此,在美國的小學(xué),你可以看到那些穿最好的衣服,有更多零花錢的學(xué)生是中國學(xué)生。match相配;decorate裝飾;dress給……穿;wear穿著。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用“穿著最好的衣服〞符合語境,dress后面只能接人,應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。16.A.Differentfrom B.InterestedinC.Similarto D.Thanksto【解析】選A?？疾樾稳菰~短語辨析。句意:和中國人不同,美國人是為自己而活。Differentfrom和……不同;Interestedin對……感興趣;Similarto與……相似;Thanksto多虧。根據(jù)上下文可知,此處是把美國人和中國人作比照,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。17.A.Otherwise B.HoweverC.Therefore D.Since【解析】選C?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意:因此,他們掙錢是為了享受更好的生活,追求更高質(zhì)量的生活。Otherwise否那么;However然而;Therefore因此;Since自從,因?yàn)?。根?jù)句意可知,上下文是因果關(guān)系,應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。18.A.better B.well C.good D.rich【解析】選A。考查形容詞比擬級。句意:同上。better更好的;well好的;good好的;rich富裕的。根據(jù)下文的andpursueahigherqualityoflife可知此處應(yīng)用形容詞比擬級,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。19.A.single B.independentC.different D.comfortable【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意:對于他們自己的父母或孩子,他們認(rèn)為父母有自己的養(yǎng)老金和社會福利,孩子在18歲時(shí)就應(yīng)該獨(dú)立生活。single單一的;independent獨(dú)立的;different不同的;comfortable舒適的。根據(jù)文化常識可知,美國人認(rèn)為孩子在18歲時(shí)應(yīng)該獨(dú)立生活,應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。20.A.Inthatcase B.AsawholeC.Inthisway D.Asaresult【解析】選D?？疾楦痹~短語辨析。句意:因此,美國人很少存錢。Inthatcase那樣的話;Asawhole總體上;Inthisway用這種方法;Asaresult因此。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處與上文是因果關(guān)系,應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)Iamveryluckilytohavetheopportunitytoseesomanyplace,butsometimesIexperiencecultureshockwhenIseeordosomethingnew.DadandInowaretravelledthroughDenmark,NorwayandSweden.Iusedtothinkingthatthesecountriesarethesame,butnotanymore.PeopleinDenmarkareabitoffriendlier,whileNorwegiansandSwedesprefernottotalktostrangers.I’msurprisedtolearnthatmanypeopletherespeakEnglishinadditiontheirnationallanguages.InSweden,itseemsthatanyonehasgoldenhairandblueeyes.Ifeelalittlestrangewithmyblackhairanddarkeyes.IimaginethisisthatforeignersfeelwhentheyvisitChina!1.【解析】第一句luckily→lucky?？疾樾稳菰~。beluckytodosth.意為“做某事很幸運(yùn)〞,be動詞后常跟形容詞。故把luckily改為lucky。2.【解析】第一句place→places?？疾槊~單復(fù)數(shù)。many一般跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,此處指許多地方,故把place改為places。3.【解析】第二句travelled→traveling/travelling?？疾檎Z態(tài)。父親和“我〞現(xiàn)在在丹麥,挪威和瑞典旅游,是主動的。故把travelled改為traveling/travelling。4.【解析】第三句thinking→think。考查固定搭配。usedtodosth.是固定結(jié)構(gòu),表示“過去常常做某事〞。故把thinking改為think。5.【解析】第三句are→were?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。主句時(shí)態(tài)usedto表示“過去常?！?從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該與其保持一致,用一般過去時(shí)。故把a(bǔ)re改為were。6.【解析】第四句去掉abit后面的of。考查介詞。abit意為“一點(diǎn)〞,相當(dāng)于副詞,常用來修飾形容詞。故去掉abit后面的of。7.【解析】第五句there→here?？疾楦痹~。文章是“我〞在北歐三國旅行時(shí)于當(dāng)?shù)貙懙?所以用here。故把there改為here。8.【解析】第五句在inaddition后面加to?？疾榻樵~。inaddition意為“另外〞,inadditionto意為“除……之外〞。此處指許多人除了說母語之外還說英語。故在inaddition后面加to。9.【解析】第六句anyone→everyone。考查代詞。根據(jù)句意“每一個(gè)瑞典人似乎都有著金發(fā)碧眼〞,故把a(bǔ)nyone改為everyone。10.【解析】第八句that→how?？疾檫B詞。句意:我想外國人在中國旅行時(shí)也是這樣感受的吧!根據(jù)句意,此處表語從句應(yīng)該用how引導(dǎo),故把that改為how。Ⅳ.書面表達(dá)(2021·紹興模擬)假定你是李華,想邀請你校交換生Jonah一起參加你校“中國文化節(jié)〞活動。請你用英語給Jonah寫一封邀請信,內(nèi)容包括:1.活動時(shí)間和地點(diǎn);2.活動內(nèi)容;3.活動目的。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。DearJonah,Yours,LiHua【參考范文】DearJonah,KnowingyouareinterestedinChineseculture,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinusin“ChineseCulturalFestival〞.ItwillbeheldintheschoolgymfromDecember10thtoDecember16th,whichaimstoarousestudents’enthusiasmfortheChinesetraditionalculture.Avarietyofactivitieswillbeorganized,suchasaChinesepoetrycontest,anexhibitionofpaper-cuttingandtheintroductiontoChinesetraditionalfestivals.Iwouldbelookingforwardtoyourcomingwithgreatpleasure.Yours,LiHuaⅤ.語法填空SeveraldifferencesbetweenEasternandWesternculturesItiswell1.known(know)thatwesternerseatwithknivesandforks,buteasternerswith2.chopsticks(chopstick).Thewesternerseatalmostnorice,3.butmeat,andtheeasternerseatlotsofricewithsomemeatandotherfood.Whatismoreinteresting4.is(be)thatwesternerseatthesaladwithout5.cooking(cook)it,buttheeasternerslovecookinginmostof6.their(they)time.Inthewest,darkortanskinis7.whatshowshealthandprettiness.Butintheeast,thewhiteryouare,the8.prettier(pretty)youare.Peopleinthewestwouldratherrentahousewithenoughmoney9.thanbuildorbuyahousewithloans.Well,mostoftheeasternersbehavejust10.oppositely(opposite).【加固訓(xùn)練】閱讀填句(2021·湖南模擬)Whenyougotoaforeigncountry,youoftenenteranewculture.Thedifferencesbetweencultur