高中英語(yǔ)倒裝句講解

倒裝句講解

■英語(yǔ)句子通常有兩種語(yǔ)序：一種是陳述語(yǔ)序，一種是倒裝語(yǔ)序。

-將謂語(yǔ)的一部分或全部置于主語(yǔ)之前的語(yǔ)序叫做倒裝語(yǔ)序。

■倒裝可分為二種：將整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)之前的叫完全倒裝(fullinversion)；

■而只將be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前的叫做部分倒裝(partialinversion)。

■形式倒裝：只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首，主謂并不倒裝

形式倒裝有四類(lèi)：

(1)感嘆句：What+a/an+adj+n.+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))！

How+adj/adv.+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))！

(2)The+比較級(jí)+正常語(yǔ)序句子，The+比較級(jí)+正常語(yǔ)序句子。"越……，越...J

(3)Whatever+n.+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，主句。

However+adj/adv+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，主句。

(4)As/Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以對(duì)表語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。

(注意：若對(duì)表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，要省掉冠詞)

一、完全倒裝

1.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來(lái)代替be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。

如：

Therestoodadogbeforehim.

Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.

鞏固練習(xí)：

1)abeautifulpalacethefootofthehill.

A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;under

C.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at

2(1).在以here、there>now、then等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子里。

"'Here,There,Now,Then+comebe,go,lie,run)+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

Herecomestheoldlady!

Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.

Therecomesthebus.

Nowcomesyourturn.

如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。如：

Hereyouare.

Thereshecomes.

(2).表示方向的副詞out,in,up,down等置于句首，要用全部倒裝。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。如：

IncameMr.White.

Upwentthearrowintotheair.

Awaywenttheboy.

2)There.Andhere.

A.goesthephone;shecomes

B.isthephonegoing;isshe

C.doesthephonego;doesshecome

D.thephonegoes;comeshe

3)Out,withastickinhishand.

A.didherushB.rushedhe

C.herushedD.hedidrush

4)fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim.

A.Jumpeddowntherobber

B.Jumpedtherobberdown

C.Downjumpedtherobber

D.Downtherobberjumped

（3）.當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組（如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等）在句首

時(shí)。

Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.

Thesoldiersrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.

Eastofthelakelietwotowns.

Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.

5）Nearthechurchcottage.

A.wassuchanoldB.hadasoold

C.wassucholdaD.issoanold

3.”分詞（代詞）+be+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.

Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.

6）,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.

A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinstein

C.EinsteinwassoD.SowasEinstein

7）arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.

A.GoneB.GoC.TogoD.Going

二、部分倒裝

部分倒裝是把be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前。如果句子中沒(méi)有這些詞，要在主語(yǔ)之前加助動(dòng)詞do/does

/did等，而把原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成原形放在主語(yǔ)之后。

1.句首狀語(yǔ)為否定詞或半否定詞的句子。

這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom（很少，不常），rarely（很少，罕有），hardly,scarcely（幾乎

不，簡(jiǎn)直沒(méi)有）,nosooner（立即）,notonly,innoway（決不）,atnotime,few,not,no如：

NotaworddidIsaytohim.

NeverhaveIfoundhimsohappy.

LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.

Ican*tswim.Neithercanhe.

Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhe

fellasleep.

鞏固練習(xí)：

1）Hardlytheairportwhentheplanetookoff.

A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrived

C.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto

2）一Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?

一No,anythinglikethatbefore.

A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen

3）Sheisnotfondofcooking,I.

A.soamB.noramC.neitherD.nordo

2.only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首，要部分倒裝。如：

Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.（介詞短語(yǔ)）

OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofmath.（副詞）

Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.（從句）

4）OnlyinthiswaymakeprogressinyourEnglish.

A.youB.canyou

C.youbeabletoD.willyouableto

5）Onlywhenthemeetingwasover_gobacktomeethisfriend.

A.hecouldB.hewasableto

C.washeabletoD.wasabletohe

3.so或so引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)放在句首，要部分倒裝。如：

Isawthefilm,sodidshe.

Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.

6)ThedoctortoldCharlietobreathedeeplyand.

A.sodidCharlieB.Charliedidso

C.CharliedoessoD.didCharlieso

7)Soloudlythathearherclearly.

A.didshespeak;couldeveryone

B.didshespeak;everyonecould

C.shespoke;couldeveryone

D.shespoke;everyonecould

4."Notonly+分句,butalso+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝。如：

NotonlydoesJohnloveChinese,heisalsogoodatspeakingit.

但notonly...butalso...連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不倒裝。如：

Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.

8)himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.

A.NotwasonlyheB.Notonlyhe

C.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas

5.Notuntil放在句首，從句不倒裝，主句倒裝。如：

Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostb汰已(簡(jiǎn)單句)

Notuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoftime.(復(fù)合句)

9)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_knowwhatheatis.

A.mandidB.manC.didn'tmanD.didman

10)NotuntilIbegantoworkrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.

A.didn'tIB.didIC.Ididn'tD.I

6.在以often,well,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或頻度副詞(短語(yǔ))開(kāi)頭的句子中，要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.

Oftenhavewemadethattest.

12)Manyatimeswimmingalone.

A.theboywentB.wenttheboy

C.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy

7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里

■Mayyousucceed!

■LonglivethePeople?sRepublicofChina!

Notonly...,butalso…引導(dǎo)的并列句。notonly位于句首時(shí)，所引導(dǎo)的前面的分句倒裝，后面的分句不倒裝。

故此稱為“前倒后不倒”。如：

Notuntil+狀語(yǔ)從句。此兩種結(jié)構(gòu)位于句首時(shí)，倒裝主句而不倒裝從句，即：“主倒從不倒”。如：

1)OnlywhenhetoldmedidIknowit.

2)NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.

Nosooner...than...,Hardly/Scarcely…when…等句型也屬此類(lèi)用法。如：

Nosooner(Hardly)hadwereachedhomethan(when)itbegantorain.

代表Neither…nor…所引導(dǎo)的并列句。2N若位于兩分句之首，則前后分句均倒裝。即“前倒后也倒”。如：

NeitherdoIknowhername,nordoeshe.

Nomatter…引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí)前面從句及后面主句均不倒裝。即“前后均不倒”。如：

Nomatterhowbusyheis,healwayscomestohelpus.

-1.—Look!Here

--“Oh,thankGod.Here

A.theteachercomes;hecomes

B.comestheteacher;comeshe

C.doestheteachercome;doeshecome

D.comestheteacher;hecomes

■2.Wewaitedandwaited.wehadbeenlookingforwardto.

A.Thencamethemoment

B.Thendidthemomentcome

C.Themomentthencame

D.Thenwascomingthemoment

-3.canyouexpecttogetapayrise.

A.WithhardworkB.Althoughworkhard

COnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard

■4.Onlyaftertogotoschool.

A.NewChinawasfounded;hewasable

B.wasNewChinafounded;washeable

C.NewChinacameintobeing;washeable

D.NewChinafounded;hewasable

■5.Littleabouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.

A.doeshecareB.didhecare

C.hecaresD.hecared

■6.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverhowseriousthepollutionwas.

A.didthevillagersrealize

B.thevillagersrealized

C.thevillagersdid