2023-2024學(xué)年山西省名校聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題 (解析版)

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE2山西省2023-2024學(xué)年名校聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFourGeographicWebsitesNewJerseyHistoricalMapsThereareallkindsofNewJerseymapsfromthe18thcenturytothepresent—manyshowstateandtownboundariesorgeologicalfeatures,andadditionalfeaturesincludeschools,highways,andrailroads.“TheChangingLandscapeofNewJersey”alsoprovidesaseriesofmapsofeachcounty,withlinkstolocalhistoricalsocietiesaswellasstudentresearchtips.TeachingwithGoogleEarthCreatedbyGlennA.RichardoftheMineralPhysicsInstituteatStonyBrookUniversity,thissectionservesasanintroductiontoGoogleEarthineducation.Heoutlinespotentialusesforstudentsandteachers,showshowtogetstarted,providesauserguide,andoffersexamples.ThissectionispartofStartingPoint—TeachingEntryLevelGeosciencefromtheScienceEducationResourceCenteratCarletonCollege.LHGWorldFactbookTheLHGWorldFactbookprovideslimitedcommentarybutawealthofstatisticsandinformationongeography,people,government,economy,communication,transportation,military,andtransnationalissuesof266“worldentities(實(shí)體)”.Itoffersmapsofmajorworldregions,FlagsoftheWorld,andaStandardTimeZonesoftheWorldmap.TheFactbookisagreatstartingpointforgatheringgeneralinformationaboutindividualcountries.TeachingwithGISintheGeosciencesCreatedbyBrianWelch,DepartmentofEnvironmentalStudiesatSt.OlafCollege,inNorthfield,MN,thissectionservesasanintroductiontoGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)inEducation.TherearealsoTeachingwithGoogleEarthandTeachingwithGPS.ThissectionispartofStartingPoint—TeachingEntryLevelGeoscience.1.WhowouldbemoreinterestedinTeachingwithGoogleEarth?A.Writers. B.Teachers. C.Adventurers. D.Geographers.2.Whichwebsitewouldyouvisittolearnaboutacountryfromallsides?A.LHGWorldFactbook. B.TeachingwithGoogleEarth.C.NewJerseyHistoricalMaps. D.TeachingwithGISintheGeosciences.3.WhatcanyoudowithTeachingwithGISintheGeosciences?A.Tourfamousplacesonline. B.Examinestudents’progress.C.Assistgeographyeducation. D.Compareculturesofdifferentcountries.【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹四個地理網(wǎng)站?！即鸢浮?.B2.A3.C【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章TeachingwithGoogleEarth中“CreatedbyGlennA.RichardoftheMineralPhysicsInstituteatStonyBrookUniversity,thissectionservesasanintroductiontoGoogleEarthineducation.Heoutlinespotentialusesforstudentsandteachers,showshowtogetstarted,providesauserguide,andoffersexamples.(這個部分由石溪大學(xué)礦物物理研究所的GlennA.Richard創(chuàng)建，介紹谷歌地球在教育中的應(yīng)用。他概述了學(xué)生和教師的潛在用途，展示了如何入門，提供了用戶指南，并提供了示例)”可知，老師可能對TeachingwithGoogleEarth感興趣。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章LHGWorldFactbook中“TheLHGWorldFactbookprovideslimitedcommentarybutawealthofstatisticsandinformationongeography,people,government,economy,communication,transportation,military,andtransnationalissuesof266‘worldentities(實(shí)體)’.Itoffersmapsofmajorworldregions,FlagsoftheWorld,andaStandardTimeZonesoftheWorldmap.TheFactbookisagreatstartingpointforgatheringgeneralinformationaboutindividualcountries.(LHG世界概況提供了有限的評論，但提供了266個“世界實(shí)體”的地理、人民、政府、經(jīng)濟(jì)、通信、運(yùn)輸、軍事和跨國問題的豐富統(tǒng)計(jì)和信息。它提供世界主要地區(qū)的地圖、世界旗幟和世界標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時區(qū)地圖?！陡艣r》是收集有關(guān)各個國家的一般信息的一個很好的起點(diǎn))”可知，通過LHGWorldFactbook可以從各方面了解一個國家。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章TeachingwithGISintheGeosciences中“CreatedbyBrianWelch,DepartmentofEnvironmentalStudiesatSt.OlafCollege,inNorthfield,MN,thissectionservesasanintroductiontoGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)inEducation.TherearealsoTeachingwithGoogleEarthandTeachingwithGPS.ThissectionispartofStartingPoint—TeachingEntryLevelGeoscience.(本節(jié)由明尼蘇達(dá)州諾斯菲爾德圣奧拉夫?qū)W院環(huán)境研究系的BrianWelch創(chuàng)建，介紹教育中的地理信息系統(tǒng)。還有谷歌地球教學(xué)和GPS教學(xué)。這一部分是起點(diǎn)——入門級地球科學(xué)教學(xué)的一部分)”可知，TeachingwithGISintheGeosciences可以協(xié)助地理教育。故選C項(xiàng)。BLyingonLondon’sfamousMillenniumBridge,BritishartistBenWilsonpaintsonapieceofdriedgum(口香糖).Ithasbeencrushedflatintotheground.“Theimportantthingisthattherearetiremarksonthegumwithdifferentpatterns,”saidthe60-year-oldWilson.“Thebeautyofthemisthatthey’reofdifferentshapesandsizes…”hecontinued,describingpiecesofgum.Wilsonseespossibilityinthingsmostpeopleavoidlookingat.Theflattenedgumoffersachancetoturnapieceofwasteintosomethingbeautiful.Theartworkisalsoawaytosurprisewalkersandgetthemtotakeacloserlookatthepaththeyareon.“Bypaintingapicturewhichissosmall,Icanletthosewhoseeitdiscoverahiddenworldbeneaththeirfeet,”Wilsonsaid.BackinhisnorthLondonartroom,Wilsonpaintsonthesurfaceofasmallmosaictile(瓷磚).ItwillbepartofacollectionthatheiscreatingonthewallsofLondon’sundergroundplatforms.“Theimagesaremorepersonalthanthechewinggumworks,”Wilsonsays,“andrepresentakindofvisualdiary.”WilsonwasborntoartistparentsinLondon.Heremembersworkingwithclayfromtheageofthree.Hehadhisfirstartshowwhenhewasaround10yearsold.Hebeganmakingsculpturesandlargepiecesfordisplayinnaturalsettings.Thenhisinterestturnedtowaste.Hehasbeenpaintingongumandotherpiecesofrubbishfor19years.Thetopsurfaceofthedriedgumisnotsubjecttolocalornationallaws.Asaresult,thedriedgumsurfacecreatesaspace,whereWilsonsayshecanpaintwithoutdamagingpublicproperty.Governmentofficialshaveremovedmuchoftheartist’spublicstreetart.ButthehundredsofgumpaintingsonMillenniumBridgeremainforalltosee.4.WhatisthedriedgumlikeintheeyesofWilson?A.Dirty. B.Strange. C.Practical. D.Attractive.5.WhichstatementcanbestdescribeWilson?A.Hecreatesahiddenworld. B.Hekeepsadiarywithdrawings.C.Heremindspeopletowalkcarefully. D.Hemakestheuglybecomebeautiful.6.WhatdoestheauthormainlytellusaboutWilsoninparagraph5?A.Hisgreatlanguagetalent. B.Hisartisticcareer.C.Hisunusualchildhood. D.Hisparents’artisticachievements.7.WhatdoweknowabouttheWilson’sstreetpaintings?A.Someofthemareprotectedbylaw. B.Allofthemarenotkeptwell.C.Theyarevaluedbyofficials. D.Theypollutedthestreets.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了英國藝術(shù)家BenWilson如何將被人們忽視的口香糖變成美麗的藝術(shù)品的故事?！即鸢浮?.D5.D6.B7.B【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theimportantthingisthattherearetiremarksonthegumwithdifferentpatterns(重要的是口香糖上有不同形狀的輪胎印)”和“Thebeautyofthemisthatthey’reofdifferentshapesandsizes(它們的美麗之處在于它們的形狀和大小各不相同)”可知，Wilson認(rèn)為干掉的口香糖是吸引人的。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theflattenedgumoffersachancetoturnapieceofwasteintosomethingbeautiful.(被壓扁的口香糖為他提供了將廢物變?yōu)槊利惖臋C(jī)會)”和第三段“Bypaintingapicturewhichissosmall,Icanletthosewhoseeitdiscoverahiddenworldbeneaththeirfeet(通過畫一幅如此小的畫，我可以讓那些看到它的人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們腳下的隱藏世界)”可推知，Wilson能夠?qū)⒊舐臇|西變得美麗。故選D。【6題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中“Heremembersworkingwithclayfromtheageofthree.Hehadhisfirstartshowwhenhewasaround10yearsold.Hebeganmakingsculpturesandlargepiecesfordisplayinnaturalsettings.Thenhisinterestturnedtowaste.Hehasbeenpaintingongumandotherpiecesofrubbishfor19years.(他記得從3歲開始就在用泥巴做東西。他大約在10歲的時候就有了他的第一次藝術(shù)展覽。他開始制作雕塑和大型作品，用于自然環(huán)境中的展示。然后他的興趣轉(zhuǎn)向了廢物。他已經(jīng)在口香糖和其他垃圾上畫了19年的畫)”可知，這一段主要講述了Wilson的藝術(shù)生涯。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Governmentofficialshaveremovedmuchoftheartist’spublicstreetart.ButthehundredsofgumpaintingsonMillenniumBridgeremainforalltosee.(政府官員已經(jīng)移除了這位藝術(shù)家的大部分公共街頭藝術(shù)作品。但千禧橋上的數(shù)百幅口香糖繪畫仍被保留，讓所有人看到)”可知，Wilson的街頭畫作并不是全部都保存得很好。故選B。CExcitementandexpectationsurroundedthisyear’sNationalHistoryDaycompetition.TheannualeventisrunbyanonprofitorganizationinCollegePark,Maryland.Itencouragesstudentsingrades4through12toexplorekeypeopleandeventsfromthepast.Thethemeofthisyearwas“FrontiersinHistory:People,Places,Ideas”.Theprogramnowhasaglobalreach,withstudentsfromCentralAmerica,SouthKorea,andelsewhereparticipating.“We’regoingtohavearound2,800studentsfromaroundtheworldheretocontend,”saidLynneO’Hara,directoroftheprogram.ThecontestweekinCollegeParkandnearbyWashington,D.C.,extendedbeyondjudgingentries.Itfeaturedevents,exhibits,anddocumentariesattheNationalMuseumofAmericanHistory,theMuseumofAfricanAmericanHistoryandCulture,andothervenues.Dr.CathyGorn,directorofNationalHistoryDay,saidthatsheenjoyedseeingstudentsresearcheventsofthepastandsharetheircreativity.“Teachers,”Gornadded,“haveasignificantimpactonstudents’criticalthinkingandresearchskills.”Youngparticipantsalsoexpressedtheirenthusiasmfortheprogram.StudentsJakeWilsonandBiancaYotafromIllinoishighlightedtheGreatRailroadStrikeof1877.Theyexploredlesser-knownaspectsofthebattleforlaborrights,includingtheinvolvementofChineseimmigrants.LucyDiMarco,astudentfromMinneapolis,Minnesota,stressedtheimportanceofsheddinglightonunderrepresentedstories.“Blackwomen’sstoriesdon’tgethighlightedortalkedaboutenough,”shesaid.“Wewantedtobringonewomantolightandtalkabouther.”Lucyandherclassmate,JulietZylla,examinedthecomplexlegacyofHenriettaLacks,whowasbornin1920.LikecountlessBlackAmericans,Lackswasusedformedicalresearchwithoutherknowledgeorpermission.NationalHistoryDay,whichfirsttookplacein1974,remainsanimportantplatformforstudentstoexplorehistoryandsharetheirdiscoverieswithothers.Theygainadeeperunderstandingofthewayskeyeventsshapesociety,andtheyhelppreservediversehistoricalstories.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contend”meaninparagraph2?A.Gather. B.Respond. C.Compete. D.Train.9.WhatdidthedirectorofNationalHistoryDaystressinherwords?A.Students’passionforresearch. B.Theimportantroleofteachers.C.Thevalueofstudents’creativity. D.Thesignificanceofstudyinghistory.10.WhatdidJakeWilsonandBiancaYotafocusonintheirresearch?A.Unfairtreatmentofblackwomen. B.ThepastlifeofAmericanworkers.C.Lesswell-knownpeopleinhistory. D.Thestruggleofworkersforlaborrights.11.WhatisLucyDiMarco’sstudyabout?A.Anignoredblackwoman. B.Therightsofblackwomen.C.Asuccessfulwomanpioneer. D.ThestoriesofAmericans.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了國家歷史日比賽的參與情況以及參與者的一些觀點(diǎn)。〖答案〗8.C9.B10.C11.B【8題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Theprogramnowhasaglobalreach,withstudentsfromCentralAmerica,SouthKorea,andelsewhereparticipating.(這個項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)遍及全球，有來自中美洲、韓國和其他地方的學(xué)生參加)”以及劃線詞上文“We’regoingtohavearound2,800studentsfromaroundtheworldhereto”可知，此處指有大約2800名來自世界各地的學(xué)生來這里競爭比賽。故劃線詞意思是“競爭”。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Dr.CathyGorn,directorofNationalHistoryDay,saidthatsheenjoyedseeingstudentsresearcheventsofthepastandsharetheircreativity.“Teachers,”Gornadded,“haveasignificantimpactonstudents’criticalthinkingandresearchskills.”(國家歷史日主任凱西·戈恩博士說，她很高興看到學(xué)生們研究過去的事件并分享他們的創(chuàng)造力?！敖處?，”戈恩補(bǔ)充說，“對學(xué)生的批判性思維和研究技能有重大影響?！?”可知，國家歷史日主任在她的話中強(qiáng)調(diào)教師的重要作用。故選B?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“StudentsJakeWilsonandBiancaYotafromIllinoishighlightedtheGreatRailroadStrikeof1877.Theyexploredlesser-knownaspectsofthebattleforlaborrights,includingtheinvolvementofChineseimmigrants.(來自伊利諾伊州的學(xué)生杰克·威爾遜和比安卡·約塔強(qiáng)調(diào)了1877年的鐵路大罷工。他們探討了勞工權(quán)利斗爭中不太為人所知的方面，包括中國移民的參與)”可知，杰克·威爾遜和比安卡·尤塔的研究重點(diǎn)是歷史上不太知名的人。故選C。【11題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“LucyDiMarco,astudentfromMinneapolis,Minnesota,stressedtheimportanceofsheddinglightonunderrepresentedstories.“Blackwomen’sstoriesdon’tgethighlightedortalkedaboutenough,”shesaid.“Wewantedtobringonewomantolightandtalkabouther.”(來自明尼蘇達(dá)州明尼阿波利斯市的學(xué)生LucyDiMarco強(qiáng)調(diào)了讓未被充分代表的故事得以曝光的重要性?！昂谌伺缘墓适聸]有得到足夠的重視或討論，”她說?！拔覀兿胱屢粋€女人暴露出來，談?wù)撍??！?”可知，LucyDiMarco的研究關(guān)于黑人婦女的權(quán)利。故選B。DTraceeHerbaughlivesintheBostonareaofMassachusetts.ShethoughtshewasaloneinherbackyardrecentlywhensheusedtheMerlinBirdIDapp.Shelearnedbylisteningthatshewassurroundedbymorethan12kindsofbirds.“Twobirdsidentifiedbytheapp,veery(畫眉鳥)andgreathomedowl,evenhadareddotnexttotheirnames.Thereddotmeansitisanunusualsighting.”Herbaughwrote,“Whoknewthesebirdscouldbeinoneyard?”CornellLabofOrnithologyisthemakerofMerlinBirdID.Theappwasreleasedin2014.Atfirst,theapponlyidentifiedbirdsbytheirphotosthroughPhotoID.Theuseransweredaseriesofquestionsaboutthephototohelpidentifythebird,suchasdate,area,color,andsize.Theappbecamepopularduringthepandemic,whenpeopleincreasinglywantedtobeoutdoors.In2021,CornellLabaddedSoundIDtoidentifybirdsbytheirsound.IntheUnitedStatesalone,Merlin’sSoundIDcanidentifyover700kindsofbirds.Morethan7millionpeoplenowusetheMerlinBirdIDworldwide.AlliSmithworksontheMerlinprojectatCornellLab.Smithsaidbirdwatchingbysound“opensupawholenewworld”“Evenifyoucannotseethebirds,”headded,“youcanheartheirbeautifulsongsandknowthey’resharingyourneighborhood.”Morethanbirds,Herbaughsaidtheappalsohelpedherreconnectwithpeopleacrossthecountry.WhenHerbaughsharedherbirdlistonsocialmedia,twochildhoodfriendswhoalsousedtheappmessagedheraboutit.HerrelativeinMontanasharedalistofbirds.Andevenheryoungchildrennowquicklygofortheappwhentheyhearanunfamiliarbirdcall.Herbaughhasidentified45birdsonherlistsofar.Shesaidnowherchildrenaretheonesdrivinghertogetmoreonthebirdlist.12.Whatdoesareddotnexttoabird’snamemean?A.Thebirdisrarelyseen. B.Thebirdisendangered.C.Thisbirdisanewspecies. D.Thebirdisbeneficialtocrops.13.Howdidtheappperformitsfunctionsinitially?A.Byrecordingbirdsounds. B.Byrecognizingimagesofbirds.C.Byaskingexpertsonline. D.Bytrackingmovementsofbirds.14.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph6?A.Anotherwayofprotectingbirds. B.Thepopularityofrecordingbirdcalls.C.Theenjoymentoflisteningtobirds. D.AnotherbenefitoftheMerlinBirdIDapp.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AppIdentifiesBirdsbySound B.AppGetsKidsInterestedinBirdsC.OldAppGainsNewReputation D.BirdsMayHideinYourYard【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，講述了TraceeHerbaugh在波士頓地區(qū)使用MerlinBirdID應(yīng)用程序識別周圍鳥類的經(jīng)歷。文章還介紹了該應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)者CornellLabofOrnithology、應(yīng)用程序的發(fā)布?xì)v史、新增的SoundID功能，以及該應(yīng)用程序?qū)θ藗冇^察鳥類和社交聯(lián)系的積極影響?！即鸢浮?2.A13.B14.D15.A【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Twobirdsidentifiedbytheapp,veery(畫眉鳥)andgreathomedowl,evenhadareddotnexttotheirnames.

Thereddotmeansitisanunusualsighting.(該應(yīng)用程序識別出的兩只鳥，畫眉鳥和大貓頭鷹，甚至在它們的名字旁邊還有一個紅點(diǎn)。紅點(diǎn)表示這是一次不尋常的目擊事件)”可知，鳥名字旁邊的紅點(diǎn)表示這是一次不尋常的目擊事件，說明這種鳥很少見。故選A項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Atfirst,theapponlyidentifiedbirdsbytheirphotosthroughPhotoID.Theuseransweredaseriesofquestionsaboutthephototohelpidentifythebird,suchasdate,area,color,andsize.(起初，該應(yīng)用程序只能通過ID照片識別鳥類。用戶回答了一系列關(guān)于照片的問題，以幫助識別這只鳥，比如日期、面積、顏色和大小)”可知，應(yīng)用程序最初是通過識別鳥類的圖像來執(zhí)行其功能。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Morethanbirds,Herbaughsaidtheappalsohelpedherreconnectwithpeopleacrossthecountry.WhenHerbaughsharedherbirdlistonsocialmedia,twochildhoodfriendswhoalsousedtheappmessagedheraboutit.HerrelativeinMontanasharedalistofbirds.Andevenheryoungchildrennowquicklygofortheappwhentheyhearanunfamiliarbirdcall.(Herbaugh說，除了鳥類之外，這款應(yīng)用還幫助她與全國各地的人們重新建立了聯(lián)系。當(dāng)Herbaugh在社交媒體上分享她的鳥類列表時，兩個同樣使用該應(yīng)用程序的童年朋友給她發(fā)了消息。她在蒙大拿州的親戚分享了一份鳥類名單?，F(xiàn)在，就連她年幼的孩子聽到不熟悉的鳥叫聲時，也會迅速使用這款應(yīng)用)”可知，作者在第六段中介紹了MerlinBirdID應(yīng)用程序的另一個好處：幫助她與全國各地的人們重新建立了聯(lián)系。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第四段中“In2021,CornellLabaddedSoundIDtoidentifybirdsbytheirsound.IntheUnitedStatesalone,Merlin’sSoundIDcanidentifyover700kindsofbirds.Morethan7millionpeoplenowusetheMerlinBirdIDworldwide.(2021年，康奈爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室增加了聲音識別功能，通過聲音來識別鳥類。僅在美國，梅林的聲音識別系統(tǒng)就能識別700多種鳥類?，F(xiàn)在全世界有超過700萬人使用梅林鳥的ID)”和第五段“AlliSmithworksontheMerlinprojectatCornellLab.Smithsaidbirdwatchingbysound“opensupawholenewworld”“Evenifyoucannotseethebirds,”headded,“youcanheartheirbeautifulsongsandknowthey’resharingyourneighborhood.”(AlliSmith在康奈爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室從事梅林項(xiàng)目。史密斯說，通過聲音觀鳥“打開了一個全新的世界”?！凹词鼓憧床坏进B，”他補(bǔ)充說，“你也可以聽到它們美妙的歌聲，知道它們就在你的附近?！?”可知，文章介紹了更新后的MerlinBirdID應(yīng)用程序通過聲音識別鳥類，給人們觀察鳥類和社交聯(lián)系帶來積極影響。由此推知，“AppIdentifiesBirdsbySound(應(yīng)用程序通過聲音識別鳥類)”是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowGardenersCanReduceRiskofFireIfyouareselectingplantsforyourgarden,knowingwhichplantsoffersomefireresistanceandwhicharemoreflammable(易燃的)canserveyouwell.QuickertocatchfirePlantslikebamboothatproduceflammablesubstancessuchasaromaticoils,resins(樹脂),wax,orsap,areamongthequickesttocatchfire.____16____Treeswiththinbark(樹皮)thatfallsoffareusuallymoreflammablethanthosewithout.Andfine-needledplantslikepine,juniper,andsprucecontainresins.____17____Manykindsofgrassesarehighlyflammable.Theirabilitytocatchfireincreaseswhentheyarelefttostanddryoverwinterorduringperiodswithoutrain.Additionally,toomuchheatdriesoutthesoilandundersuchconditions,manykindsofplantsturnintoafirestarter.Nativevs.non-nativeAsagroup,nativeplantsaren’tnecessarilylessflammablethanintroducedkindsofplants.____18____Thatisbecausetheyspreadquicklyandareusuallyleftalonebywildlife.Thenon-nativeplantsspreadfasterthannativeplants,andoftentolerateheat,heavyrainandlackofwaterbetter.Forthebestfireresistance,choosetreesthatlosetheirleaveseveryyear,likeash,andmaple,ratherthanfine-needledtrees.____19____Thoseplantswithwater-filledleavesincludeiceplantsandsedums.Somegroundcoverplantsarealsoslowburners.WhattolookforinplantsTheWashingtonStateUniversityExtensionServicehaspublishedadviceforchoosingplantsthatarefire-resistant.____20____Theyinclude:?Highwatercontentinleaves.?Littleornoseasonalgainofdeadplantmaterial.?Openbranching(theyprovidelessfuelforfires).?Fewertotalbranchesandleaves.A.Someplantsaremoreflammablethanothers.B.Plantswithwater-filledleavesareslowtoburn.C.Butnon-nativeplantsoftenareagreaterfirerisk.D.Manyplantshavequalitiesthatdonotburneasily.E.Allplantsmightcatchfireundertherightconditions.F.Theirneedle-likeleavesincreasetheriskoffirewhenleftontheground.G.Theywilloftencatchfireeveniftheyhavebeenwell-wateredandcaredfor.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了園丁如何降低火災(zāi)風(fēng)險。〖答案〗16.G17.F18.C19.B20.D【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Plantslikebamboothatproduceflammablesubstancessuchasaromaticoils,resins(樹脂),wax,orsap,areamongthequickesttocatchfire.”（像竹子這樣的植物會產(chǎn)生芳香油、樹脂、蠟或樹液等易燃物質(zhì)，是最容易著火的植物之一）可知，許多植物具有易燃性特點(diǎn)，故G選項(xiàng)“即使他們被精心澆灌和照顧，他們也經(jīng)常會著火”切題，其中they指代前文說明的物質(zhì)，說明易燃的可能性非常大，故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Treeswiththinbark(樹皮)thatfallsoffareusuallymoreflammablethanthosewithout.Andfine-needledplantslikepine,juniper,andsprucecontainresins.”（樹皮薄而易脫落的樹通常比沒有樹皮的樹更易燃。像松樹、杜松和云杉這樣的細(xì)針葉植物含有樹脂）可知，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“它們針狀的葉子留在地上會增加著火的風(fēng)險”承接上文繼續(xù)說明易燃的原因，切題。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Asagroup,nativeplantsaren’tnecessarilylessflammablethanintroducedkindsofplants.”（作為一個群體，本地植物并不一定比引進(jìn)的植物更易燃。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文，說明外來植物更易燃。故C選項(xiàng)“但非本地植物往往有更大的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險”切題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Forthebestfireresistance,choosetreesthatlosetheirleaveseveryyear,likeash,andmaple,ratherthanfine-needledtrees.”（為了獲得最好的防火性能，選擇每年落葉的樹木，如白蠟樹和楓樹，而不是細(xì)針葉樹）表明哪些樹木不易燃；下文“Thoseplantswithwater-filledleavesincludeiceplantsandsedums.”（那些葉子充滿水分的植物包括冰草和景天屬植物）可知，選項(xiàng)承接下文說明的是葉子充滿水分的植物的阻燃性。故B選項(xiàng)“葉子充滿水分的植物燃燒速度較慢”切題。故選B項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“TheWashingtonStateUniversityExtensionServicehaspublishedadviceforchoosingplantsthatarefire-resistant.”（華盛頓州立大學(xué)推廣服務(wù)中心發(fā)布了關(guān)于選擇防火植物的建議。）以及下文“Highwatercontentinleaves……”（葉片含水量高……）可知，選項(xiàng)承上啟下，說明許多植物有不易燃得特性。故D選項(xiàng)“許多植物具有不易燃燒的特性”切題。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。JimHensonwasbornin1936inMississippi.ButhegrewupinMaryland.Hiscreativetalentswere____21____whenhewasastudentatNorthwesternHighSchoolinHyattsville.Helovedcartooningandcreatingthesceneryforschool____22____.WhilehewasafreshmanattheUniversityofMaryland(UMD),Henson____23____puppets(木偶)foralocalTVstation.Thestation’sproducerswereso____24____thattheyaskedhimtoproducehisownpuppetshow.CalledSamandFriends,the____25____beganin1955.ViewerslovedHenson’splayfulcharacters,includinganearlyversionofKermittheFrog.WhileatUMD,Henson____26____HomeEconomics.Atthetime,itwastheonlymajorthatoffered____27____insewingandtextiles(紡織).Hensontrainedhiscreative____28____attheuniversity,buthealsodidwellinmarketingandbusiness.In1959,Henson____29____JaneNebel,whomhehadmetatUMD.Thecouple_____30_____MuppetsCompany,whichlaterbecametheJimHensonCompany.ItwastherethatBert,Ernie,andotherMuppetswerecreatedforSesameStreet,a_____31_____children’stelevisionprogram.Generationsofchildrenaroundtheworldhavegrownup_____32_____andlearningfromtheMuppets.Henson,whodiedin1990afterabriefillness,creatednotjusttheMuppets,butalsofilms,TVadvertisementsandvarietyshows.Nowa(n)_____33_____isbeingheldwiththeaimofshowing_____34_____everyaspectofhiscareer.Thisincludessomelesser-knownwork.Visitorsalsogeta_____35_____toappreciateHenson’screativitythroughhands-ondisplays.21.A.valuable B.obvious C.helpful D.average22.A.contests B.meetings C.plays D.lectures23.A.made B.changed C.bought D.described24.A.confused B.relieved C.inspired D.impressed25.A.movie B.program C.adventure D.attempt26.A.majoredin B.reliedon C.accountedfor D.referredto27.A.conversations B.awards C.assumptions D.courses28.A.behaviors B.plans C.skills D.opinions29.A.married B.interviewed C.recognized D.employed30.A.dismissed B.established C.promoted D.abandoned31.A.common B.unique C.harmonious D.popular32.A.watching B.checking C.consulting D.designing33.A.competition B.conference C.exhibition D.debate34.A.similarly B.vividly C.temporarily D.flexibly35.A.reason B.right C.suggestion D.chance【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了著名木偶藝術(shù)家JimHenson的生平和成就?！即鸢浮?1.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.D32.A33.C34.B35.D【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他還是海茨維爾西北高中的學(xué)生時，他的創(chuàng)造才能就顯而易見了。A.valuable有價值的；B.obvious明顯的；C.helpful有幫助的；D.average平均的。根據(jù)下文“whenhewasastudentatNorthwesternHighSchool”和“Helovedcartooningandcreatingthesceneryforschool...”可知，漢森在中學(xué)時就參與舞臺布景創(chuàng)作，說明他的創(chuàng)造才能很早就顯現(xiàn)出。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他喜歡畫漫畫，喜歡為學(xué)校戲劇創(chuàng)作舞臺布景。A.contests競賽；B.meetings會議；C.plays戲?。籇.lectures講座。根據(jù)上文“creatingthescenery(創(chuàng)作舞臺布景)”可推知，他給學(xué)校的戲劇創(chuàng)作舞臺布景。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他還是馬里蘭大學(xué)(UMD)的一名新生時，漢森為當(dāng)?shù)匾患译娨暸_制作木偶。A.made制造；B.changed改變；C.bought買；D.described描述。根據(jù)下文“puppets(木偶)foralocalTVstation”和“producehisownpuppetshow”可推知，漢森最初的工作是給電臺制作木偶。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：電視臺的制片人對他印象深刻，請他制作自己的木偶劇。A.confused困惑的；B.relieved放心的；C.inspired受到鼓舞的；D.impressed印象深刻的。根據(jù)下文“theyaskedhimtoproducehisownpuppetshow”可推知，漢森的作品讓制片人印象深刻，所以才讓他制作自己的木偶劇。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個名為《山姆和朋友》的節(jié)目始于1955年。A.movie電影；B.program節(jié)目；C.adventure冒險；D.attempt嘗試。根據(jù)上文“CalledSamandFriends”和“ Viewers”可知，《山姆和朋友》是漢森的木偶劇節(jié)目。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在馬里蘭大學(xué)期間，漢森主修家政學(xué)。A.majoredin主修；B.reliedon依賴；C.accountedfor說明(原因、數(shù)量等)；D.referredto提及。根據(jù)下文“HomeEconomics”和“itwastheonlymajor”可知，漢森主修家政學(xué)。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時，這是唯一一個提供縫紉和紡織品課程的專業(yè)。A.conversations對話；B.awards獎項(xiàng)；C.assumptions假設(shè)；D.courses課程。根據(jù)下文“sewingandtextiles(紡織)”可知，這是家政學(xué)提供的課程。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：漢森在大學(xué)里訓(xùn)練了他的創(chuàng)造技能，但他在市場營銷和商業(yè)方面也做得很好。A.behaviors行為；B.plans計(jì)劃；C.skills技能；D.opinions意見。根據(jù)上文“trained”可知，漢森在大學(xué)里訓(xùn)練了他的技能。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：1959年，漢森娶了他在馬里蘭大學(xué)認(rèn)識的簡·內(nèi)貝爾。A.married嫁，娶；B.interviewed采訪；C.recognized認(rèn)出；D.employed雇傭。根據(jù)下文“Thecouple”可知，漢森娶了簡·內(nèi)貝爾，他們成為夫婦。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這對夫婦建立了布偶公司，后來成為吉姆·漢森公司。A.dismissed解雇；B.established建立；C.promoted提升；D.abandoned放棄。根據(jù)下文“MuppetsCompany”和“becametheJimHensonCompany”可知，他們創(chuàng)立了公司。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：正是在那里，伯特、厄尼和其他布偶被創(chuàng)作出來，用于一檔受歡迎的兒童電視節(jié)目《芝麻街》。A.common普通的；B.unique獨(dú)特的；C.harmonious和諧的；D.popular受歡迎的。根據(jù)下文“GenerationsofchildrenaroundtheworldhavegrownupandlearningfromtheMuppets.”可知，節(jié)目《芝麻街》深受歡迎。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：世界各地的一代又一代的孩子都是看著布偶長大的，并向它們學(xué)習(xí)。A.watching觀看；B.checking檢查；C.consulting咨詢；D.designing設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)上文“children’stelevisionprogram”可知，電視節(jié)目要觀看。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在正在舉辦一個展覽，目的是生動地展示他職業(yè)生涯的各個方面。A.competition競賽；B.conference會議；C.exhibition展覽；D.debate辯論。根據(jù)下文“Visitors”和“appreciateHenson’screativitythroughhands-ondisplays”可推知，這是一次展覽。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在正在舉辦一個展覽，目的是生動地展示他職業(yè)生涯的各個方面。A.similarly相似地；B.vividly生動地；C.temporarily暫時地；D.flexibly靈活地。根據(jù)下文“everyaspectofhiscareer”和“Thisincludessomelesser-knownwork.”可知，展出內(nèi)容豐富，能生動地展示漢森的職業(yè)生涯。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：游客也有機(jī)會通過動手展示來欣賞漢森的創(chuàng)造力。A.reason原因；B.right權(quán)利；C.suggestion建議；D.chance機(jī)會。根據(jù)下文“toappreciateHenson’screativity”可知，這是游客欣賞漢森的創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LocatedonthenorthsideoftheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver,YongchuandistrictofChongqingmightseemtooordinary,____36____(compare)withitsbetter-knownneighbors.Asanexampleofgreendesignanddevelopment,Yongchuanhasbeenthefirstinthecountrytooffera____37____(full)driverlessrobotaxicommercialservicetothepublic.Therearedozensofpickupstationssetupacrossthedistrict,____38____(cover)commercialcenters,schoolsandresidentialareas.Whileself-drivingcarsrunbackandforththroughthedistrict,givingoffafuturesci-fiatmosphere,just40kilometersaway____39____(lie)Songjiancienttown,whichhas____40____historyofmorethan2,000years.OldstoneroadsgothroughwoodenbuildingsandcourtyardsbuiltduringtheMingandQingdynasties____41____theYangtzeRiverflowingbysoutheastofthetown.Theancientbuildings,parkinglots,roadsandotherinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)____42____(perfect)overtheyears.Yongchuan,in____43____modernityandheritage(遺產(chǎn))existtogether,setsavaluableexampleforthedevelopmentofothersmalltowns.Thecityplannershaveproved____44____ispossibletopreserveculturalheritagewhileachievingte