北京市海淀區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（原卷版）

海淀區(qū)2023—2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中練習(xí)高三英語(yǔ)2023.11本試卷共10頁(yè)，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.The20yearold,whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis____1____.Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!AsPerryandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe____2____movedthroughhisbody.“Helphim!”someonecried.“Please,someone!”P(pán)errycouldn’tjuststandthereand____3____.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.____4____allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahighkneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.____5____,hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe____6____.“Givehimchestpressions!”yelledanoldladyontheplatform.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimregained____7____.Then,firstaidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals____8____.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,____9____anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife.Tomany,Perry’s____10____deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingpassionoverpersonalsafety.1.A.manager B.client C.grandfather D.aunt2.A.current B.oxygen C.wave D.blood3.A.imagine B.watch C.shout D.record4.A.Hoping B.Assuming C.plaining D.Recalling5.A.Instantly B.Slightly C.Normally D.Surprisingly6.A.train B.crowds C.platform D.rails7A.strength B.balance C.consciousness D.control8.A.lookahead B.takeover C.getaround D.keepaway9.A.providing B.engaging C.assisting D.crediting10.A.generous B.grateful C.courageous D.faithful第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Iwasnotoriginallyattractedtonature.Forme,naturewasassociatedwiththefewminutesplayingsoccerinthe____11____(nice)cutgrass.ButinMichigan,naturepresentsitselfinmanyformssuchassleddingasfastasyoucandownthehillorswimminginoneofthefivegreatlakes.Theseexperiencesencouragedme____12____(explore)oneoftherawformsofconnectingwithnature:camping.AlthoughI____13____(spend)alotoftimeoutside,Ihadnevercampedorexperiencedallofwhatnatureoffers.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InMingDynastyaclevercraftsmannamedZhangSijiarevolutionizedscissors.He____14____(bine)thestrengthofironforthehandleswithauniqueswordmakingtechnique.____15____heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel,hecreatedbladesthatwereexceptionallystrongandsharp,____16____(make)dailytaskseasier.Thesescissorsbecameakitchenessential,especiallyforcuttingthroughtoughitemslikechickenorfish.In1628,hisson,ZhangXiaoquan,establishedhisnamesakepany.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。FiveBelgianfirmsplantosenda3D____17____(print)artificialhearttotheInternationalSpaceStationby2025tobetterunderstandtheeffectsofageingandheartdiseasesinspace.Thedevice,whichisonlyafewsquaremillimetresinsize,____18____(use)inkmadeupofstemcellsandbiomaterialsthatcandevelopintoanycellinthebody.Thesecellsorganizethemselvesintoadevelopingcardiacorganoid(心臟類器官),____19____willworkwiththeartificialcirculatorysystem.Theinnovativetechniquewouldfacilitate____20____(investigate)intoheartdiseasesandtrialsofsomepotentialmedicines.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A#1Author:LeisaSharpePrice:￡14.99Release:Jun.13,2023HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverestThisisn’tyourtypicalchildren’sbooknorisitanighttimeread:it’sanactionpackedadventurearoundtheworld.Youngadventurerswillstepintothefootprintsofthegreatestexplorers,usingtheirsensesastheirguides.Thisbookimmersesitsyoungreadersinlifeintheworld’smostfascinatinghabitats,countriesandcontinents,aswellasthoseonotherplanets.#2Author:ZKidsPrice:￡9.99Release:Sep.25,2023TheUltimateRiddleGameForKidsForreadersbetweentheagesof9and12,thisfunriddlebookbineslogicchallenges,petitivecontestsandbraintraining.Thefirstsectionconsistsofshortsnappyriddles,themathssectionrequiresmentalarithmetic(算術(shù)),andforthestoriessectionyouwillneedtodiscoverallthepossiblehiddenmeanings.Buttrynottocheat.Thebookismuchmorerewardingasthesectionsgetmorechallenging.Whenyoubegintounderstandthebestwaytoapproacheachriddletype,yourconfidence,resilienceandscorearelikelytogrow.#3Author:KimZachmanPrice:￡12.99Release:Dec.15,2023There’sNoCreamInCreamSodaTheonlydrinkhumansneediswater,butthebeverageindustryisgrowinglargereveryyear.Thisbookexploresthehistoryoftheinventionofdrinks,beginningthousandsofyearsago,whenhumansfirstaddednaturalflavouringstotheirwaterasitboiledoverthefire.Itshumorousandconversationalnarrativemeansthatyoudon’tknowwhatwillenext.Rangingfromcorescientificprocessestotheunlikelyoriginstoriesofsomesodas,thisbookissuretohaveastorytofascinateeverykid.21.ThebookHowDoesChocolateTasteonEveresthelpsreaders________.A.enjoynightreadingtimeB.knoworiginstoriesofchocolateC.identifyhabitatsofsomeanimalsD.exploreplaceswithsensesasguides22.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.AthethreebooksareavailablebyOctoberB.readersneedcalculationskillsforBook#2C.Book#3teachesreadershowtomakedrinksD.Book#1hasapriceadvantageovertheothers23.Thepassageisintendedto________.A.introducesomebooksonlearningsecretsB.remendsomepicturebookstoparentsC.encouragereaderstopurchasethesebooksD.sharesometipsonchoosingsuitablebooksBIwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic(義肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8,Ihadnoselfconfidence,andthehandIwaswearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn’tneedanyonetofixme.ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IwasselectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen’sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI’dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.Itaughtmyselfhowtobefortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,apanytryingtocreatetheworld’smostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iwasabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobeeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthebetterofme.WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,Idecidedtotrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24.Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause________.A.shewaslongingforfame B.sportsgaveherselfconfidenceC.shewantedtodefeatherdisability D.herprostheticdeviceempoweredher25.FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned________.A.morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsB.thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC.socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiesD.technologyshiftedpeople’sattitudestodisability26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Intelligentandbrave.B.Warmheartedandpatient.C.Responsibleandstrongwilled.D.Independentandinnovative.27.Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould________.A.maximizeone’sabilitiesbyembracingrealityB.buildone’ssocialcirclewithoptimismC.sticktoone’sgoaltoachievesuccessDtakeiteasyindifficultsituationsCDemandingdaysseemdesignedtotestourselfcontrol.Weallneedtorelyonwillpowertoavoidshorttermtemptationsandoverrideunwantedthoughtsorimpulses(沖動(dòng)).Theprevailingpsychologicaltheoryproposedthatwillpowerresembledakindofbattery.Witheachexerciseofselfcontrol,youexhaustedthisresource.Withoutachancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainselfcontrol.Thisprocesswasknownas“egodepletion”.In2010,however,psychologistVeronikaJobpublishedastudythatquestionedthefoundationsof“egodepletion”theory,withsomeinterestingevidencethategodepletiondependedonpeople’sunderlyingbeliefs.Inthestudy,Jobdividedparticipantsintotwocategories:thosewitha“l(fā)imited”viewofwillpowerandthosewitha“nonlimited”viewofwillpower,basedonapriorquestionnaire.Shethengavetheparticipantssomestandardlaboratorytestsexaminingmentalfocus,whichwasconsideredtodependonthereservesofwillpower.Thestudyfoundthatpeoplewithalimitedmindsettendedtoperformexactlyasegodepletiontheorywouldpredictbutthenonlimitedindividualsdidnot,whichindicatedthatpeople’sbeliefsaboutwillpowercouldbeselffulfillingprophecies(預(yù)言).Thosewhobelievedwillpowerwaseasilydepletedsawtheirselfcontroldecrease,whilethosewhobelievedin“mentalstamina(耐力)”experiencednoegodepletion.Subsequentdebatesaboutthereliabilityofthelaboratorytestsofegodepletionemerged,butJob’sworkdemonstratedthatmindsetsignificantlyimpactedreallifeoutes.Herfollowupstudyrevealedthatafterpletingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnonlimitedmindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.Ifyoualreadyhaveanonlimitedmindsetaboutwillpower,thesefindingsmightbeacauseforselfsatisfaction.Forthosewithlimitedmindsets,hopeisnotlost.Learningaboutthissciencecanhelpshiftbeliefs.Sharingthisknowledgewithotherscanfurtherconsolidatethisshift.Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyetenjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople’sbeliefstowardnonlimitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentalstamina.Toprovideyourselfwithfurtherevidence,youcanconductsmallselfcontroltests.Asyourealizeyourwillpower’sgrowth,you’llfindresistingtemptationsanddistractionseasier.Whileimmediatemiraclesaren’tguaranteed,perseverancewillleadtoachangedmindsetandincreasedselfcontrol,propellingactionstowardpersonalgoals.28.“Egodepletion”theoryshowsthatwillpower________.A.helpscontrolourimpulses B.reducesafterexercisingselfcontrolC.isatestofyourcharacter D.islikeachargeablebattery29.WhatcanwelearnfromJob’stwostudies?A.Extrapressureboostsmentalfocus.B.Demandingtasksreducementalfocus.C.Reservesofwillpowerdependonmentalfocus.D.Thechangeofmentalfocusreliesonone’smindset.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbuildnonlimitedmindsets?A.Picturingyouridealuniversity.B.DoinghomeworkinfrontofaTV.C.Sharingscienceknowledgewithfriends.D.Recallingmasteringachallengingpianopiece.DClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventit.DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseemsunavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.OuremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbeeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhighdensityhumanhabitationwouldbeemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobeemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment. B.Climateexperts.C.DavidFrost. D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.changeable B.predictable C.bearable D.noticeable33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat__________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople’sadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whichishealthier:abagofcrispsoravegetablesalad?Thatiseasy.Nowwhichishealthier:apizzamadefromscratchoronemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxinthefreezer?Manypeoplewouldinstinctively(本能地)saytheformer,perhapsshowingavagueconcernwithprocessedfood.Suchfoodcanoftenbedelicious.Andthereismuchtocheeraboutcaloriesbeingcheapandabundant.____35____What’sthedistinctionbetween“ultraprocessedfood(upf)”and“processedfood”?Almosteverythingpeopleconsumeisprocessedinsomeform.Riceisharvested;animalsarebutchered.Upfisusuallydescribedas“formulationsofingredients,madebyaseriesofindustrialprocesses,manyrequiringadvancedequipmentandtechnology”.____36____Theoneinthefreezer,withitsextra,modifiedingredients,isupf.Upfharmspeopleinwaysbothknownandunknown.Itseemstoaffectthetrillionsofbacteriathatcontributetohealthinarangeofways.Calorierichbutusuallynutrientpoor,upfcontributestoobesity(肥胖癥).Upfdisplaceshealthieralternatives,particularlyforpoorpeople.____37____Extraweightwasonceasignofwealth,butamongBritishandAmericanwomentoday,obesityratesarehigheratlowerinelevels.____38____Additivesthatmaybesafeinsmallquantitiesmaybeharmfulinbinationwithotherchemicalsorwhenconsumedregularly.Ifwearewhatweeat,consideringtheimpactofupfisessential.____39____Peoplewholiveinsocalled“foodswamps”,whereupfiseverywherebutrealfoodishardertoreach,couldspendlargeamountsoftimeandmoneyseekingoutfreshfood,butthatisnothowmostpeoplelive.Thereisnothingwrongwiththeoddfastfoodtrip,butanyonewhocanaffordtoeatlessupfprobablyshould.A.Environmentmatters,too.B.It’scheaptoproduceandbuy.C.Butthatcheapnessandabundanceeatacost.D.Evenfoodslabeled“natural”or“organic”canbeprocessed.E.Apizzamadefromscratchcontainsminimallyprocessedfood.F.Somepeoplehaveaparticularweaknessforsaltypotatocrisps.G.Thereasonswhyupfcanbeharmfularenotalwaysclear,eventoscientists.第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}紙指定區(qū)域作答。Ifyoufeellikeyoumaybeapeoplepleaser,you’renotalone.Intoday’shighlyconnectedworld,wehaveagrowingobsession(癡迷)withbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.Peopleseektopleaseothersforvariousreasons,includingavoidingconflicts,securingfeelingsofbeingneeded,andreducingfearsofabandonment.Andtheyareforcedtouseagreeablenessasselfdefense.Peoplepleasingbehaviorcanleadtomentalandphysicalhealthproblemssuchasfearofrejection,frustration,anger,addictions,headaches,stomachproblems,andhighbloodpressure.Itcanalsoresultinweakboundaries,problemswithdecisionmakinganddependency.Therefore,it’simportanttorecognizeandovereyourownpeoplepleasingbehaviors.Herearesomesimpleexercisesthatyoucanstartworkingontoday.Learntoloveyourownpany.Trustthatpeoplewillnotabandonyou,evenifyoudon’tdropeverythingforthem.Believingyouarelovableforwhoyouare,notwhatyoudo,meansknowingthatpeoplewillstillbethereforyouevenifyoudonotalwayssearchforwaystopleasethem.Practicethisbygoingtoamovieorrestaurantalone.Valuetheplansmadewithyourself.Theyareasimporta