高一英語必修三第一單元重要知識點講解重要詞匯語法等

Unit1重要單詞，詞組講解1.mean的用法WhatdoyoumeantodowithitIdidn’tmeantohurtyou.1）meantodo意欲做Thismeansstayingherelonger.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.2）meandoing意味著做Heisnotmeantforateacherandwillalwaysbeunhappyintheschool.Bemeantfor適合做他說他不適合讀書因為懶。Hesayshe_________________astudentforhislaziness.這次考試失敗意味著要再考一次。Failingthisexam___________________anotherone.我并不是故意遲到的。Ididn’t____________belateforschool.2.celebratevt.(1)

慶祝；祝賀celebrateChristmas/one’sbirthday/avictory(成功)(2)

贊揚；稱頌Thenamesofmanyheroesarecelebratedbythepoets.詞語辨析：celebrate,congratulatecelebrate后常接日期,事情或場合congratulate后常接人表示為某事而祝賀某人congratulatesb.on/uponsth.ex：congratulateyouonyourmarriage.有時還表示私自慶幸的意思。ex：Icongratulatedmyselfonmyescapefrombeingpunished.3.英語中表示“發(fā)生”的詞或短語均為不和物，不用于被動語態(tài)。主語為所發(fā)生的事。詞語辨析：takeplace,happen,occur,comeabout,breakout的比較Theweddingwilltakeplacetomorrow.2）In1919,theMay4thMovementtookplaceinChina.takeplace發(fā)生,舉行;側(cè)重安排或計劃而發(fā)生的事,帶有“非偶然”的意思3)Whathashappenedtoher？碰巧，恰好happen“發(fā)生”，普通用詞，含義很廣。常指具體客觀事物或情況的發(fā)生，含有“偶然”的意味。當(dāng)以具體事物、事件作主語時，happen和occur可以換用；但當(dāng)happen用作“碰巧”之意時，不能用occur代替，但可以與comeabout互換。4)Ithappenedtorainthatday.5)ThetrafficaccidentoccurredonWednesday.occur“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”,較正式用詞，指事情偶然地、意外地發(fā)生或思想突然浮在心頭。occurto有“想起”的意思。6)TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.breakout(火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭、疾病)突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā)7)Howdoesitcomeaboutthatyouwerecaughtbythepolicecomeabout“發(fā)生”,往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因。且很多時候與how連用。與happen用法較接近用takeplace,happen和comeabout的正確形式填空TheMay4thMovement_____________in1919.Ifanything___________tothemachine,letmeknowatonce.Theopeningdayoftheplay___________tomorrownight.Canyoutellmehowit___________4.starve:vt.使餓死vi.餓得要死starvetodeathbestarvedof/starvefor:渴望她很寂寞，渴望友誼：Sheislonely,starvingforfriendship.Themotherlesschildrenwerestarvedof/werestarvingforaffection.渴望母愛他們在沙漠中迷路而餓死。他們正急需一大筆錢來完成工作。Theygotlostinthedesertand____________________.Theyare_____________asumofmoneytofinishtheirwork.n.starvation餓死：dieof____________5.ayear/dayofplenty富裕/豐收的月days/yearsofplenty——Havewegotenoughapples——Yes,thereareplentyinthebasket.plentyof+復(fù)數(shù)n/不可數(shù)nplentyofeggs/food/milk…足夠的…6.honour1)光榮，榮譽(n)Theyfightforthehonourofthecountry.Onemustshowhonourtoone’sparents.2)inhonourof為了紀(jì)念A(yù)festivalissetinhonourofthehero.3)anhounour光榮的人或事情LiuXiangisanhonourtoourcountry.4)尊敬,給以榮譽（v）Childrenshouldhonourtheirparents.7.satisfyVt.Vi.使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足Nothingcansatisfyhimexceptthebest.Somepeoplearereallyhardtosatisfy.sb.besatisfiedwith對…滿意e.g.She’snotsatisfiedwithhernewhouse.令人滿意的：satisfying,satisfactory滿意：satisfaction8.pleaseVt使愉快，取悅…Itisdifficulttopleaseeverybody.Ouraimistopleasethecustomers.pleased(人)高興的…愉快的Pleasing(物)令人愉快的pleasant(物)好聽的，令人舒服的pleasure高興的事情聽到她悅耳的聲音我們很高興.Weare_________tohearher___________voice.Itissucha___________tous.Iwasvery_________tohearthenews.Thenewswasvery___________tous.9.harmn損害，傷害e.g.Hemeantnoharmtoyou.(Hedidn’tintendtohurtyou.)dosbharm=doharmtosb=harmsbTheeventshasharmedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.10.Theyofferfood,flowersandgift….詞語辨析：offer,provide,supplyoffer主動提供。offersthtosb;offersbsthprovide供給（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。providesth(forsb);providesbwithsth.supply:供應(yīng)（所需要或所要求之物）。supplysthtosb;supplysbwithsthWhenImeetdifficulty,myroommateswill_____mehelp.他們懸賞找回丟失的珠寶。They_______arewardforthereturnofthelostjewels.政府得提供這些老人們吃穿。Thegovernmentneedto_________theseoldpeoplewithfoodandclothes.每個月都得供應(yīng)足夠的電。Electricityshouldbe_________enougheverymonth.11.inmemoryof=tothememoryofsbThemuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.inhonorofinchargeofinsearchofsb./sth.dressup盛裝打扮，化裝打扮Youdon’thavetodressup.Comeasyouare.ChildrenlovedressingupinHalloween.dressoneself給某人自己穿衣dresssb給某人穿衣服你認(rèn)識穿著白色裙子的那個女孩嗎？DoyouknowthegirlwhoisdressedinawhiteskirtDoyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingawhiteskirtDoyouknowthegirlwhohasonawhiteskirt選詞填空：weardresshaveonputonMydaughterisnowabletoherself.Mr.WualwaysabluecoatinWinter.3.XiaoWangawhiteshirttoday.4.IliketomyhatwhenIgooutinWinter.13.awardn.獎品，獎項，獎金,助學(xué)金……Sheshowedustheawardsshehadwon.Marygotanawardandwasabletofinishherstudy.vt.授予……裁定……awardsbsth=awardsthtosbThejudgesawardedbothteamsequalpoints.reward回報,報酬他因為努力學(xué)習(xí)而受獎。他用100塊錢酬謝這個工人。He______________forstudyinghard.He____________theworkerwith100yuan.14.admiresb/sth(for…)欽佩，羨慕Theyadmiredourgarden.Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness.我們都?xì)J佩他的勇氣和膽識。Weall________________hiscourageandbravery.admiration名詞admirable形容詞15.lookforwardto(介詞)+n/v-ing盼望，期待I’mlookingforwardtohiscoming.以下短語中的to也為介詞，后面加doing，而不是dopayattentionto注意devote…to致力于preferto更加喜歡getdownto開始做beusedto習(xí)慣于--ward向著…方向backward向后forward向前16.asthough=asif好像，仿佛虛擬語氣(從句所用的時態(tài)比前面真實句所用的時態(tài)倒退一個時態(tài).)Hebehavedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hetalksasif/thoughhekneweverything.Helooksasifhewereill.2.陳述語氣（表示很可能的事實就用陳述語氣,)Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.1.）他向我招手好像有事情告訴我。Hewavedtomeasiftotellmesomething.2.）這女孩環(huán)顧四周好像在找什么東西。Thegirllookedaroundasifinsearchofsomething.3.)他說起來好像他是一個專家似的。Hetalksasifhe____anexpert.4.)他英語講得很流利，就像在英國學(xué)的一樣。HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifhe______itinEngland.5.)看起來我們對要贏了。Itlooksasifourteam_______________.17.turnup1)appear出現(xiàn),露面他到目前還沒有出現(xiàn)。He__________________sofar.你總是遲到!(做事慢慢吞吞的)You’realways__________lateforeverything!2)調(diào)大聲音，把...開大點兒請把火調(diào)大一點。Please_________thefire.相關(guān)短語:turndown關(guān)小，拒絕turnoff關(guān)掉turnon打開turnout結(jié)果是turntosb.forhelp向某人求助keepone’sword守信用,遵守諾言breakone’sword違背諾言inaword簡言之inotherwords換句話說haveawordwithsb.與某人交談havewordswithsb.(aboutsth.)關(guān)于某事與某人爭吵我想和你談一下。I’dliketo___________withyou.Agentlemanshouldalways__his__.A.keeps;wordB.keep;wordC.keeps;wordsD.keep;words19.holdone’sbreath屏息當(dāng)那個女孩看到那條蛇的時候，她屏住呼吸。Thegirl_____________atthesightofthesnake.takebreath呼吸loseone’sbreath=beoutofbreath喘不過氣來breathev.breathn.Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,wewerenearly_________.A.underourbreathB.lostourbreathC.caughtourbreathD.outofbreath20.apologize道歉apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=saysorrytosbfordoingsth你必須為你的粗魯行為向老師道歉。Youmustapologize_______theteacher________beingsorude.apologyn.makeanapologytosbfor(doing)sth.21.drown(drowned,drowned)浸、泡,淹沒,淹死洪水淹沒了街道和房子。Thefloods___________thestreetsandhouses.借…消愁drownone’ssorrow/sadnessin…drownone’ssorrow/sadnessincoffeeFranktriedtosavethe___________girlintheriver,butunfortunatelyhewas_______.A.drowned;drowningB.drowning;drownedC.drowned;drownedD.drowning;drowning22.ItwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave...obviousadj.明顯的，清楚的▲It+be+obvious+that-clauseItwasobviousthatshewasindanger.23.wipe(wiped,wiped)Vt擦，擦去wipeoff抹掉，擦掉wipeup擦干凈，殲滅Thestudentsonduty____________theblackboardduringbreak.WipedthewordsoffB.washedC.CleanedD.AandCcleantheblackboardwipethewordsofftheblackboard24.remindsb.ofsth提醒某人某事remindsb.todosthremindsb.that…1)他提醒我那個承諾。Heremindedmeofmypromise.2)他提醒我要早起。Heremindedmetogetupearly.3)他提醒我本應(yīng)該小心點。HeremindedthatIshouldhavebeenmorecareful.25.AsLiFangsetoffforhome,hethought...setoff:動身,出發(fā);(側(cè)重去某一個地方）；使（地雷、炸彈）爆炸;TomandhisfathersetoffforAmericayesterday.Thebombsetoffamongthecrowd.相關(guān)短語：setaboutdoingsth.=setouttodosth著手（做某事）26.用custom,practice和habitIhavethe_______ofgettingupearly.Itisthe________fortheJapanesetotakeofftheirshoeswhentheygetintoahall.Social___________differfromcountrytocountry.Hemakesa_________ofcheatingatexaminations.Weshouldpay_______whenweimportfromabroad.#.custom指傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式。#.practice習(xí)俗，慣例;與custom近義，但含貶義。makeapracticeof…慣常做某事。#.habit生活習(xí)慣，后接ofdoing,不可接不定式。選詞填空：worldwide/permission/apologize/drown/sadness/wipe/weep/forgive/obvious/turnup/keepone’sword/holdone’sbreath/setoff/remind…of…1)Youshouldn’ttellsuchlies.2)Theyenteredtheareawithout.3)Thepoormanishissorrows.4)Hisfameis.5)Themanshouldtoyouforknockingyoudown.6)Hecan’thimselffornotseeinghismotherbeforeshedied.7)Heisalwayswaitingforsomethingto.8)Thechildrenarefireworksinthegarden.9)Youmaydependonwhathesays,forheisapersonwhoalways.10)Theracewassoclosethateveryonewasatthefinish.11)ThefilmhimwhathehadseeninChina.選用下列單詞的正確形式填空：ancestorbeliefgatheragriculturaladmireawardstarvemeanShehasbeena_______ascholarshiptostudyatHarvard.2.Thea_______ofwhomIamproudestismygreatgrandfather.3.Whenaboyleavescollegeandbeginstoearnmoney,hecanlivealifeofi____________.4.Darkcloudswereg________inthesky.Heavyrainwouldcomesoon.5.Iliketotakesomee________exerciseatweekends.6.A__________inthiscountryhasdevelopedgreatlyafterliberation.用下列短語造句：inmemoryofdressupasifplayatrickonlookforwardtodayandnighthavefunwith1.Acelebrationwasheld____________________________(為了紀(jì)念這位著名的作家).2.Childrenlove__________(打扮).3.Thenaughtystudents______________________________(正在和他們的老師玩惡作劇).4.Iam___________________________(盼望著見到他).5.Thethreementookturnsdrivingthetruck,and___________________________________(他們夜以繼日地駕駛了三天).6.Itlooks_______________________________________(好像他們都很著急).7.AttheSpringFestivalinChina,peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkand_____________________(彼此都玩得很開心).語法：情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)助動詞有十三個：may,might;can,could;will,would;shall,should;must,need,dare,usedto,oughtto.·HYPERLINK情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1）情態(tài)動詞不能單獨做謂語，除ought

和have

外，后面只能接不帶to

的不定式。2）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有些情態(tài)動詞，如can、will也有一般式和過去式的變化。3）情態(tài)動詞的“時態(tài)”形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志，不少情況下，情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時間、過去時間和將來時間。can,could和beableto的用法1.can,beableto都可表示“能力”Can的主語是人或物,beableto的主語是人Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.2.can只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be

able

to可以用于各種時態(tài)。We’llbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaven’tbeenabletoseethefilm.could用于表示泛指過去的能力。如：

I

could

read

when

I

was

four.Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.Sheranfastbutshecouldn’t/wasn’tabletocatchthebus.3.表示特定的某一過去能力或表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were

able

to，不能用could。He

was

able

to

flee

Europe

before

the

war

broke

out.

He

was

able

to

swim

halfway

before

he

got

tired.4.could不表示時態(tài),表示委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。CouldIhavealookatyournotebookYes,youcan./No,

you

can't.5.表示“驚異,懷疑,不相信”的態(tài)度(主要用于否定句,疑問句和感嘆句中)CanthisnewsbetrueHowcanyoubesofoolishItcan’tbeMary.Shehasfallenill.6.表示推測，譯為“可能、或許”，can常用于否定句(意思是"不可能已經(jīng)")和疑問句；could除用于否定句和疑問句外,還可用于一定句(意思是"那時可能;本來可以")。Lindadidn’tcatchthetrain.Shecouldhavecaughtit.Don't

worry.They

could

have

just

forgotten

to

phone.HYPERLINKmayHYPERLINK和HYPERLINKmight1.may和might用于一般問句中表示委婉的請求,一定回答用may,否定用mustn’t---MayIuseyourpencil---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.2.may和might表示“可能性”,may/might+v指現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的動作情況。might暗示的可能性更小Shemaynotbeworkingnow.Johnmightbeathomenow.3.對過去發(fā)生的事情的可能性作出判斷用may/mighthavedone,用might比用may的可能性更小Shemay/mighthavegonetothecinema.Theymay/mightnothavereceivedourtelephone.4.may

放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!May

God

bless

you!Will和would1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各種人稱IfyouwillhelpmewithmyEnglish,Iwillbeveryhappy.IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest.2.在疑問句中,will用于第二人稱,表示請求或征求意見,would則語氣更委婉Willyoutellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback？Wouldyoupleasespeakagainmoreslowly？shall,should和oughtto1.shall用于第二、三人稱表示允諾、警告、命令、決心等。YoushalldoasIsay.(命令)Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow.(允諾)Nothingshallstopmedoingit.(決心)2.在疑問句中,用于第一、三人稱，用來表示請求或征求意見。ShallIopenthewindowforyou？（征求意見）Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou？（請求）3.should常表示勸告、建議、命令，與oughtto意義相近，但oughtto多表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，語氣強烈。在疑問句中通常用should代替oughtto。Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.4.should/oughttohavedone表示責(zé)備或批評,意為“本應(yīng)該做到…但沒有做到…”,用于否定則表示“本不該…但”oughtto的語氣更強烈.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldn’thaveleftwithoutsayingaword.HYPERLINKmustHYPERLINK和HYPERLINKhave

to1.Must用于一般問句中,一定回答用must否定式用needn’t或don’thaveto，做

“不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允許”

—Must

I

finish

all

assignments

at

a

time

—Yes,youmust.No,

you

needn't.You

mustn’t

get

down

while

the

car

is

still

moving.2.表示“必須”這個意思時，must

和have

to

稍有區(qū)別。must著重說明主觀看法，have

to

強調(diào)客觀需要。另外，have

to

能用于更多時態(tài)。Idon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.3.must表示對某人某事的猜測，作“準(zhǔn)是”，“一定”，一般用于一定句中。對過去發(fā)生的事情作一定判斷用musthavedone

You

must

be

the

new

teacher.

He

must

be

joking.There

is

nobody

here.

They

must

have

allgone

home.4.Must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情Hemust