2024-2025學年廣東省佛山市南海區(qū)高三上學期開學摸底測試英語試題（含答案）

2024-2025學年廣東省佛山市南海區(qū)高三上學期開學摸底測試英語試題全卷共11頁，滿分130分，考試時間130分鐘?？忌⒁猓?.答題前，請務必將自己的姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆分別填在試題卷和答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。2.答題時，請按照答題紙上“注意事項”的要求，在答題紙相應的位置上規(guī)范作答，在本試題卷上的作答一律無效。第一部分聽說考試（滿分20分，另行安排）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AFloraalwayshadanadventurousspiritbutin2020shebeganherbiggestadventureyet.BornandraisedintheMinnesota,shealsolivedinBahrainandEgyptandmovedtoDubai,intheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),in2002.Asanenthusiastichikerandmountainclimber,shehadstruggledtofindlike-mindedpeopletotrek(遠足)withher,soin2011shestartedaweekendhikinggroup.AfewyearslatersheturneditintoabusinesscalledFloraUAETrekkers,runningweekendhikeswhileshecontinuedteachingEnglishintheweek.Whenshelostherjobin2020,shedecidedtofocusherenergiesonFloraUAETrekkers,whichhasnowattracted50,000followersonsocialmediaandofferedguidedhikestoover80,000people.Nolongerworkinganine-to-fiveattheuniversity,sheregularlywakesupat3a.m.onweekdaystoleadtreksaroundsomeofthemostbreathtakingscenerysurroundingDubai.SheevenoffersaspecialistsunsethikeacrosstheLiwadesertinAbuDhabi—usedaslocationforfilmingDune:PartTwo.“IknewthatIwantedtocreatesomethingthatencouragedpeopletogetoutsideandexplorewhatDubaihadtoofferoutsideofthecity.Fromthere,itrocketed,”Florasays.“AlotofpeopleinDubaidon’tknowthere’sanythingelseoutsidethecityandthatthere’ssomuchnaturehere.”However,theroadtosuccesswasnotalwayssmooth.“Ourearlychallengesweretoovercomethestereotype(偏見)ofwhatahikingguideshouldlooklike,”Florasays.“Thestereotypicalguidehasphysicalstrengthandplacesanemphasisonhikingasatooltoimproveyourfitness,physiqueandspeed.”Goingagainstthegrain,Floraemployedcurrentandformereducatorsaswellasmothers,likeherself,asguides.“Wereallywantedtoremovethatcompetitiveatmosphereandsatisfyalllevels,notonlyforthestrong.”Florasays.1.WhydidFlorastartaweekendhikinggroupin2011?A.Tostartherownbusiness. B.Tomeethikingcompanions.C.Topromotelocaltourism. D.Togrowsocialmediafollowers.2WhatcanbeinferredaboutDubaifromparagraph3?A.Itisafamousfilminglocation. B.Itisaninnovationcenter.C.Ithasbeautifulnaturalscenery. D.Itattractsvisitorsacrosstheglobe.3.WhoaremostlikelytobechosenasguidesinFloraUAETrekkers?A.Professionalathletes. B.Experiencedhikers.C.Adventureenthusiasts. D.Nature-lovingcaregivers.4.WhichwordcanbestdescribeFlora?A.Generous. B.Humble. C.Innovative. D.Authoritative.BThefilmwasawful.Afteranhour,Iwhisperedtomywife,“Comeon,let’sgohome.”Shereplied,“Noway.We’renotthrowingawaythirtydollars.”“That’snoreasontostay,”Iprotested.“Themoney’salreadygoneregardlessofwhetherwestayorleave.Thisisthesunkcostfallacy(謬誤)atwork!”ButshejuststaredatmeangrilyandIhadtosinkbackdowninmyseat.Thesunkcostfallacyismostdangerouswhenwehaveinvestedalotoftime,money,energy,orloveinsomething.Thisinvestmentbecomesareasontocarryon,evenifwearedealingwithalostcause.Themoreweinvest,thegreaterthesunkcostsare,andthegreatertheurgetocontinuebecomes.Thesunkcostfallacyisfrequentlyseenininvestors.Oftentheybasetheirtradingdecisionsonacquisitionprices.“Ilostsomuchmoneywiththisstock(股票).Ican’tsellitnow,”theysay.Thisisunreasonable.Theacquisitionpriceshouldplaynorole.Whatcountsisthestock’sfutureperformance.Strangely,themoremoneyastockloses,themorelikelyinvestorstendtostickbyit.Thisbehaviorisdrivenbyaneedforconsistency.Afterall,beingconsistentmeansbeingreliable.Wereallydislikeitwhenthingsdon’tmatchup.Ifwestopaprojecthalfway,weadmitthatweoncethoughtdifferently.Carryingonwithameaninglessprojectdelaysthispainfulrealizationandkeepsupappearances.“We’vecomethisfar...”“I’vereadsomuchofthisbookalready...”“ButI’vespenttwoyearsdoingthiscourse...”Ifyourecognizeanyofthesethoughtpatterns,itshowsthatthesunkcostfallacyisatworkinacornerofyourbrain.Ofcoursetheremaybegoodreasonstocontinueinvestinginsomething,butmakesurenotforthewrongreasons,suchastomakenon-recoverableinvestmentslookreasonable.Wisedecisionmakingrequiresyoutoforgetaboutthecostsinthepast.Nomatterhowmuchyouhavealreadyinvested,onlyyourassessmentofthefuturecostsandbenefitscounts.5.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfilm-watchingexperience?A.Todescribeascene. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tostatethewritingpurpose. D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.6.Howareinvestorsaffectedbythesunkcostfallacy?A.Theykeepholdingthefallingstock. B.Theybecomemoreconfidentinthestock.C.Theyvaluethestock’sfutureperformance. D.Theyignoretheacquisitionpriceofthestock.7.Whatmattersinmakingdecisionsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Evaluatingthelostcosts. B.Focusingonconsistency.C.Seekinghelpfromothers. D.Weighinguppotentialprofits.COnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones,onaverage,344timesaday—onceeveryfourminutes—andspendalmostthreehoursadayontheirdevicesintotal.Buthaveyouwonderedwhatthisconstantuseisdoingtoourbrains?Asyoumightexpect,thesimpledistractionofcheckingaphonecanhavenegativeconsequences.Anditisn’tjusttheuseofaphonethathasconsequences—itsmerepresencecanaffectthewaywethink.Inonestudy,researchersaskedparticipantstoeitherputtheirphonesnexttothemorinanotherroom.Participantsthencompletedaseriesoftaskstotesttheirabilitiestoprocessandrememberinformation,theirproblem-solving,andtheirfocus.Theywerefoundtoperformfarbetterwhentheirphoneswereinanotherroominsteadofnearby—whethervisible,poweredonornot.Themereproximityofaphone,itseems,usesupthebrain’senergy.Ourbrainsmaybehardatworkincontrollingthedesiretocheckourphones.Theonly“fix,”theresearchersfound,wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroom.However,thereisonewaywecantrytolessenitsilleffects.Andithastodowithourbeliefs.Peoplewhothinkourbrainshavelimitedresourcesaremorelikelytogiveintotemptations(誘惑).Butforthosewhobelieveresistingtemptationsstrengthensourabilitytokeepresisting,exercisingself-controlononetaskdoesn’tworsentheirperformanceinsubsequentones.Theybelieveourbrainshaveunlimitedresources.WhatamItakingfromthis?Tocutdownonmindlessreachingformyphone,I’llkeeppracticingleavingitinanotherroom.ButI’llalsoremindmyselfthatmybrainhasmoreresourcesthanIthink—andthateachtimeIresistthetemptationtocheckmyphone,I’mlayingdownnewneural(神經(jīng)的)pathwaysthatwillmakeiteasierandeasiertoresistthattemptation,andperhapsothersaswell,infuture.8.Whatdidthestudyaimtofindoutbyplacingthephonesdifferently?A.Howpeople’sperformancewasaffected.B.Howpeoplegainedaccesstodigitalresources.C.Whetherpeopleuseddifferentskillsinthetest.D.Whetherpeopledevelopeddependenceonphones.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proximity”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Thought. B.Dependence. C.Nearness. D.Mention.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofresistingthetemptationtocheckthephone?A.Itwillstrengthenourbelief. B.Itwillimproveconcentration.C.Itwillweakenbrainactivity. D.Itwilluseupthebrain’sresources.11.Whatwilltheauthoragreetodotoreducemindlessphoneuse?A.Practiceself-control. B.Increasebrainpower.C.Onlyusethephoneforwork. D.Setatimertolimitphoneuse.DWhensomeoneasksforyouropinion,areyouquicktoofferit?Ordoyouoptinsteadforalaid-back“it’syourcall,”anundecided“anything’sfine,”oraneager-to-please“whateverworksbestforyou?”Manyofusdon’tshareourthoughtsoutofadesiretoappeareasygoingandcooperative.Butthroughtworesearchprojectsthatexploredawiderangeofinterpersonalsituations,wefoundthatfailingtoweighincanactuallymakeyouseemlesslikableandharmyourrelationships.Inourfirstresearchproject,welookedathowpeoplereactedwhenaskingafriendwhatrestaurant,movie,ormuseumthey’dprefertogoto.Nomatterthecontext,theparticipantsalmostalwaystoldusthattheywantedtheircompaniontopickaspecificoption—andwhentheircompanionchosenotto,theparticipantsfoundtheirfriendslesslikable,andtheybecamelessinterestedingoingonfutureoutingswiththem.Whyisthis?Youmightthinkthatwithholdingyourpreferencesmakesyoumorelikable,butinfact,whensomeoneasksforyourinput,they’regenerallylookingforhelpmakingadecision.Ourparticipantsreportedthatitwasharderforthemtomakeadecisionwhentheirfriendrefusedtoexpressanopinion,andthisunpleasantdecision-makingexperienceoftenharmedtheirimpressionoftheirfriend.Anotherreasonwithholdingapreferencecanbackfireisthatwhensomeoneclaimsnottocare,itcanseemliketheyactuallydohaveanopinion,butarehidingittoavoidconflict.Inoursecondresearchproject,wefoundthatwhensomeonesaystheydon’thaveapreference,thedecisionmakeroftenassumesthey’reonlysayingthatbecausetheyhavetheoppositepreferenceastheydo.Whenthishappens,thedecisionmakerismorelikelytochoosetheoptionthattheythemselvesdon’twant,ultimatelymakingthemthatmuchlesssatisfiedwiththeinteraction.Sonexttimesomeoneasksyouwhatyouthinkdon’tholdback.Whetherit’safriendaskingwhereyou’dliketogotoeat,aclientwho’scuriouswhatkindsofmusicyoulike,oraworkmaterequestingyourinputonaworkplacedecision,sharingyouropinionisalmostalwaysawin-win.12.Whyaresomepeopleunwillingtosharetheirpersonalpreferences?A.Toprotectprivacy. B.Tomakeagoodimpression.C.Toavoidargument. D.Togetbetterinvolved.13.Whatdidthefirstresearchprojectfindaboutpeopleaskingforfeedback?A.Theydiditoutofpoliteness. B.Theyexpectedanagreement.C.Theypreferredconcreteanswers. D.Theyhadnooptionsinmind.14.Whatcanweinferaboutdecisionmakersfromparagraph4?A.Theywillguessothers’thoughts. B.Theywillsticktotheirownideas.C.Theywillexpresstheirdissatisfaction. D.Theywillacceptothers’suggestions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.IfYou’reToldNo,It’sFine B.IfYouDon’tFeelLikeIt,TryItC.IfSomeoneDoubtsYou,BeYourself D.IfSomeoneAsksYourOpinion,GiveIt第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Intoday’ssocietywherebuyingsomethingnewisonlyamatterofclickingabutton,we’reconstantlystuffingourhouseswiththingswedon’tneed.____16____Italsocontributestounnecessarywasteandevenanxietyforthoselivinginspacesfloodedwithtoomanythings.Thesearereasonswhymanyaredownsizingwhattheyown.Thefirststeptolivingwithlessissayinggoodbyetoexcess(過量的)stuff.Buthowdoyoudecidewhattokeepandwhattothrowout?It’sneveraneasytask.____17____Lookingaroundyourhome,youmayfindtonsofitemsthathaven’tbeenofanyusewithinrecentmemory.Chancesareyou’llnevermissthem.Nowthatyou’vechosenwhichitemsyou’llbepartingwith,it’stimetofigureoutwhattodowitheverything.____18____Witheasy-to-useplatformsandapps,youcanquicklyearncashwithoutleavingthesofa.Besides,ifyou’relookingtodoagooddeedorjustdon’twanttodealwiththetroubleofsellingyourthings,donationistheperfectway.____19____Anotherincreasinglypopularoptionison-demandstorage.Itinvolvesaprofessionalteamcomingtotheclientandtransportingtheiritemstoastoragefacility.Oftentimeseverythingcanbearrangedstraightfromanapp.____20____Itrequiressomemajorlifestyleandmindsetchanges,butifit’ssomethingyouwanttocommitto,youmayseemanybenefits.A.Thiscreatesmorethanachaosproblem.B.Certainobjectsareonlymeanttobeusedoccasionally.C.First,stickthemintostorageuntilyoudecidewhat’sbest.D.Givingawayitemsyourarelyusecanbenefitpeopleinneed.E.Pursuingamoreminimalistlifestylereduceschaosandstress.F.Thethought,“Imightneedthissomeday,”isincrediblycommon.G.First,turnrubbishintotreasurebysellingoffyourextrapossessions.第三部分語言知識及運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Iwassortofadifficultstudentinschool,alwaysseekingtheeasywayout.Oneday,myteacheraskedwhatIwantedtobewhenIgrewup.Withoutasecondthought,ItoldherIjustwantedtobehappy.ShetoldmeIwas____21____thewholepointofthequestion.“HappinessisexactlywhatIlivefor,”Iresponded____22____.Thatevening,whenIgothome,myfatherlookedunusually____23____.IknewIcouldn’t____24____whatwasinstoreforme.Aftertakingadeepbreath,I____25____myselftohimandthencamethe____26____conversation.Hestaredatmeintheeyesandstarted,“Son,itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudoforalivingaslongasitbringsyouhappiness.Buthappinessdoesn’tcome____27____.Yourmotherfindsher____28____inhelpingothersasanurse,andIfindmineinteachinglanguage.Webothfindhappinessinthe____29____workwedoeachday.Howareyougoingtofindyourhappiness?”His_____30_____leftmedeepinthought.IrealizedthatIhadbeen_____31_____theopportunitytoexperiencethetrueessenceofhappiness.Eversincethen,insteadofshyingawayfromdifficultsituations,Ihavechosentoface_____32_____thatcamemyway.Guidedbymyfather’s_____33_____,I’veachievedhappinessnowby_____34_____hundredsofpeoplewhoeventuallyrealize,andmoreimportantly,_____35_____ontheveryidea.21.A.complicating B.changing C.missing D.emphasizing22.A.humorously B.randomly C.defensively D.creatively23.A.serious B.nervous C.guilty D.curious24A.escape B.predict C.understand D.guarantee25.A.proved B.dragged C.threw D.recommended26.A.ice-breaking B.life-changing C.trouble-saving D.time-consuming27.A.early B.often C.easy D.again28.A.job B.place C.courage D.joy29.A.temporary B.hard C.paid D.outdoor30.A.examples B.words C.expression D.attitude31.A.denying B.saving C.ensuring D.underestimating32.A.failures B.criticism C.punishments D.challenges33.A.wisdom B.experience C.ambition D.interpretation34.A.judging B.warning C.protecting D.helping35.A.reflect B.consult C.act D.comment第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。XitangAncientTown,locatedabout100kmfromShanghai,isapicturesquewatertown____36____lookslikeatraditionalChinesepainting.OneofXitang’smostnotablefeaturesisits1,300-meter-longroofedcorridor(走廊)thatstretches____37____theriver,providingshadeandshelterforvisitors.Italsonow____38____(serve)anunofficialscenicrouteforvisitorswhocanwalk____39____(leisure)alongandenjoythescenery.Thetownisalsofamousfornumerousbridgesdatingback____40____(century).DuringtheMingDynastyandQingDynasty,itwasanimportanttownforthe____41____(produce)ofhandiworkandalso____42____commercialcenterinSouthChina.Xitang’snighttoursareparticularlyattractive,____43____(offer)visitorsthechancetoexplorethetownfromboats____44____(decorate)withredlanterns.Asnightfalls,thestreetsofXitang_____45_____(bathe)inthewarmlightofredlanterns,andthesoundoftraditionalmusicflowsfromhistorichouses.Xitangbecomesdifferentjustlikeagirlputtingonheavymakeup.第四部分詞匯基礎(chǔ)（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）第一節(jié)詞義匹配（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）第一組請把下面的中文與英文單詞匹配。每組有兩個多余選項。AaccidentB.incidentC.competenceD.committeeE.commitmentF.dentistG.defeat46.委員會________47.投入________48.事件________49.能力________50.戰(zhàn)勝________第二組請把下面的中文與英文單詞匹配。每組有兩個多余選項。A.previousB.preciseC.financialD.fundamentalE.relevantF.ruralG.refillable51.財政的________52.鄉(xiāng)村的________53.以前的________54.有關(guān)的________55.基礎(chǔ)的________第三組請把下面的中文與英文單詞匹配。每組有兩個多余選項。A.correspondB.collapseC.imitateD.investigateE.perceiveF.justifyG.swallow56.察覺________57.通信________58.倒塌________59.調(diào)查________60.證明……正確________第二節(jié)選詞填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）A閱讀下面文本，并從方框內(nèi)的單詞或語塊中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。A.mediumB.artificiallyC.copyD.identifyE.mechanicF.generationsG.identicalCloningistheprocessofmakinganexact____61____ofaplantoranimalanddevelopingiteithernaturallyor____62____.Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonfor____63____.Forexample,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitable____64____,suchassoil.Anotherexampleofnaturalcloningis____65____twins,whoareproducedfromthesameegg.B閱讀下面文本，并從方框內(nèi)單詞或語塊中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。A.restrictedB.resolvedC.informalD.individualsE.confidenceF.clarifyingG.handlingMontessori,thefirstfemaledoctorinItaly,developedtheMontessoriMethod,aneducationalsystemthatencouragesanunconventionaland____66____styleofteaching.Childrenlearnfrom____67____everydaymaterials,andtheydevelopattheirownpace.TheMontessoriphilosophyissimple.Forinstance,oneofitsprinciplesisthatchildrenareunique____68____whomustbefreetolearnwithoutbeingcriticisedor____69____.Itisthechildthatcontrolsthepace,topicandlessons,nottherestoftheclassortheteacher.Asaresult,childrenenjoylearning,whichgivesthem____70____andmakesthemhappy.第五部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）71.假定你是李華，你們學校上周末組織同學們到中山大學參加了研學活動，請給你的英國筆友Jack寫一封郵件分享你的研學經(jīng)歷，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動內(nèi)容；2.你的收獲。注意：寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿分25分）72.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。In1996,Ihadjustfinishedmyfirstyearofcommunitycollege.Afterborrowingmydad’scarforschoolforafewmonths,wedecideditwastimeformetogetmyowncar.Sincemyfamilywaseconomical,weheadedtotheusedcarsection.Ifoundacutelittlecarthatseemedlikeagreatdeal,butmydadhaddoubtsfromthestart.Hewantedtohaveitthoroughlycheckedbeforepurchasing,butIwasinahurry.“Dad,wecan’tinspecteverycar.Let’sjustpickone.Iwantthisone...”So,hegavein.Thecutelittlecarwasmine!Butassoonaswedroveoffthelot,problemsstarted.First,constantoverheating.Then,aknockingsoundfromtheengine.Butohno—Iwasnotgoingtobestopped.NotMissFancyPantsCollegeGirl.Ihadmyowncar!Whatiftheneedlewenttothe“H”everynowandthen?Bigdeal!Ijustwouldn’tlookatit.Andthatannoyinglittlesoundfromtheengine?Icouldjustturnuptheradio.Problemsolved!Ignoringthesewarnings,IheadedouttoaFridaynightpartyinmycollegetown,lookingforwardtoitforweeksandshockedthatmydadallowedmetogo.However,withanunexpectedwintersnowstorm,mydadstartedhavingsecondthoughts.Thesnowyroadscombinedwithmycar’sissueswereenoughforhimtovoicehisconcerns.ButIwasn’tlistening.OffIwent,drivinginthesnowforthirtyminutes.JustasIhitalongstretchofsomewhatdesertedhighway,theunavoidablehappened.Mypreciouslittlecarletoutitsfinalbreath...anddied.Luckily,Imanagedtocoasttothesideofthehighway,barelyoverthelineontotheshoulder,beforeitcametoacompletestop.Now,remember,thiswas1996,andcellphoneswererare.Therewasnowaytocallforhelp.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150個左右；2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。Iwasreallystuckonasnowydarknightonthehighway.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aboutanhourlater,afamiliarcarcameoutofnowhere.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024-2025學年廣東省佛山市南海區(qū)高三上學期開學摸底測試英語試題答案版全卷共11頁，滿分130分，考試時間130分鐘?？忌⒁猓?.答題前，請務必將自己的姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆分別填在試題卷和答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。2.答題時，請按照答題紙上“注意事項”的要求，在答題紙相應的位置上規(guī)范作答，在本試題卷上的作答一律無效。第一部分聽說考試（滿分20分，另行安排）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AFloraalwayshadanadventurousspiritbutin2020shebeganherbiggestadventureyet.BornandraisedintheMinnesota,shealsolivedinBahrainandEgyptandmovedtoDubai,intheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),in2002.Asanenthusiastichikerandmountainclimber,shehadstruggledtofindlike-mindedpeopletotrek(遠足)withher,soin2011shestartedaweekendhikinggroup.AfewyearslatersheturneditintoabusinesscalledFloraUAETrekkers,runningweekendhikeswhileshecontinuedteachingEnglishintheweek.Whenshelostherjobin2020,shedecidedtofocusherenergiesonFloraUAETrekkers,whichhasnowattracted50,000followersonsocialmediaandofferedguidedhikestoover80,000people.Nolongerworkinganine-to-fiveattheuniversity,sheregularlywakesupat3a.m.onweekdaystoleadtreksaroundsomeofthemostbreathtakingscenerysurroundingDubai.SheevenoffersaspecialistsunsethikeacrosstheLiwadesertinAbuDhabi—usedaslocationforfilmingDune:PartTwo.“IknewthatIwantedtocreatesomethingthatencouragedpeopletogetoutsideandexplorewhatDubaihadtoofferoutsideofthecity.Fromthere,itrocketed,”Florasays.“AlotofpeopleinDubaidon’tknowthere’sanythingelseoutsidethecityandthatthere’ssomuchnaturehere.”However,theroadtosuccesswasnotalwayssmooth.“Ourearlychallengesweretoovercomethestereotype(偏見)ofwhatahikingguideshouldlooklike,”Florasays.“Thestereotypicalguidehasphysicalstrengthandplacesanemphasisonhikingasatooltoimproveyourfitness,physiqueandspeed.”Goingagainstthegrain,Floraemployedcurrentandformereducatorsaswellasmothers,likeherself,asguides.“Wereallywantedtoremovethatcompetitiveatmosphereandsatisfyalllevels,notonlyforthestrong.”Florasays.1.WhydidFlorastartaweekendhikinggroupin2011?A.Tostartherownbusiness. B.Tomeethikingcompanions.C.Topromotelocaltourism. D.Togrowsocialmediafollowers.2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDubaifromparagraph3?A.Itisafamousfilminglocation. B.Itisaninnovationcenter.C.Ithasbeautifulnaturalscenery. D.Itattractsvisitorsacrosstheglobe.3.WhoaremostlikelytobechosenasguidesinFloraUAETrekkers?A.Professionalathletes. B.Experiencedhikers.C.Adventureenthusiasts. D.Nature-lovingcaregivers.4.WhichwordcanbestdescribeFlora?A.Generous. B.Humble. C.Innovative. D.Authoritative.【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.CBThefilmwasawful.Afteranhour,Iwhisperedtomywife,“Comeon,let’sgohome.”Shereplied,“Noway.We’renotthrowingawaythirtydollars.”“That’snoreasontostay,”Iprotested.“Themoney’salreadygoneregardlessofwhetherwestayorleave.Thisisthesunkcostfallacy(謬誤)atwork!”ButshejuststaredatmeangrilyandIhadtosinkbackdowninmyseat.Thesunkcostfallacyismostdangerouswhenwehaveinvestedalotoftime,money,energy,orloveinsomething.Thisinvestmentbecomesareasontocarryon,evenifwearedealingwithalostcause.Themoreweinvest,thegreaterthesunkcostsare,andthegreatertheurgetocontinuebecomes.Thesunkcostfallacyisfrequentlyseenininvestors.Oftentheybasetheirtradingdecisionsonacquisitionprices.“Ilostsomuchmoneywiththisstock(股票).Ican’tsellitnow,”theysay.Thisisunreasonable.Theacquisitionpriceshouldplaynorole.Whatcountsisthestock’sfutureperformance.Strangely,themoremoneyastockloses,themorelikelyinvestorstendtostickbyit.Thisbehaviorisdrivenbyaneedforconsistency.Afterall,beingconsistentmeansbeingreliable.Wereallydislikeitwhenthingsdon’tmatchup.Ifwestopaprojecthalfway,weadmitthatweoncethoughtdifferently.Carryingonwithameaninglessprojectdelaysthispainfulrealizationandkeepsupappearances.“We’vecomethisfar...”“I’vereadsomuchofthisbookalready...”“ButI’vespenttwoyearsdoingthiscourse...”Ifyourecognizeanyofthesethoughtpatterns,itshowsthatthesunkcostfallacyisatworkinacornerofyourbrain.Ofcourse,theremaybegoodreasonstocontinueinvestinginsomething,butmakesurenotforthewrongreasons,suchastomakenon-recoverableinvestmentslookreasonable.Wisedecisionmakingrequiresyoutoforgetaboutthecostsinthepast.Nomatterhowmuchyouhavealreadyinvested,onlyyourassessmentofthefuturecostsandbenefitscounts.5.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfilm-watchingexperience?A.Todescribeascene. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tostatethewritingpurpose. D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.6.Howareinvestorsaffectedbythesunkcostfallacy?A.Theykeepholdingthefallingstock. B.Theybecomemoreconfidentinthestock.C.Theyvaluethestock’sfutureperformance. D.Theyignoretheacquisitionpriceofthestock.7.Whatmattersinmakingdecisionsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Evaluatingthelostcosts. B.Focusingonconsistency.C.Seekinghelpfromothers. D.Weighinguppotentialprofits.【答案】5.B6.A7.DCOnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones,onaverage,344timesaday—once