高中英語北師大版選擇性必修四Unit 12 Period 2　Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs-Reading Comprehension

THEMANWHOCHANGEDOURUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEUNIVERSEAlbertEinstein,whoisperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics,isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmenwhoeverlived.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativity1andthefamousformulaE＝mc2.Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius；hewasacourageousandkindfigurelovedbymanypeople.ThisgentlegeniuswasborninGermanyon14March1879.Whenhewas16,hetriedtoenteruniversityinSwitzerland,butfailedduetohislowscoresinthegeneralpartoftheentranceexam,despiteobtainingexceptionalscoresinmathsandphysics.Afterstudyingforanotheryear,hemanagedtopasstheexam,enteringuniversityin1896andgraduatingin1900.Aftertwoyearsoflookingforworkasateacher,EinsteintookajobasaclerkintheSwisspatentoffice.Whileworkingthere,outofastrongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,whichwaslaterrecordedasamiracleyearinscience,hepublishedfourextraordinaryphysicspapers.Followingthis,hegraduallybecamefamousthroughouttheworldasthenewIsaacNewton.Afterfouryears,hewasabletoquithisjobatthepatentofficeandenterresearchfull-timeatauniversity.In1922,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhisexplanationofthephotoelectric2effect.Circumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutions3closedtohim.Asaconsequence,hehadtofleeGermany.AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinallytookupaposition4asaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.Followingthat,hecontinuedtomakegreatachievementsinphysicsandmathematics.Tothepublic,hewasseenasaslightlyodd-lookingbutkindandfunnyman.Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair,whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.Althoughhewasagenius,hesometimesforgotthings,likehisfriends’birthdays.Butdespitehispeculiarities5,hewaslovedbyhisfriendsandneighbours.Thereisevenastoryabouthowhehelpedalittlegirlwhoknockedonhisdoorandaskedforhelpwithherhomework.Infact,Einsteinoftenencountered6peopleonthestreetwhowouldstophimandaskhimtohelpexplainthings.Aftermanysuchoccasions,hefinallystartedsaying,“Pardonme!Sorry!AlwaysIammistakenforProfessorEinstein！”(節(jié)選自新人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit1)詞匯積累1.relativity/?rel?'tIv?ti/n.相對(duì)論2．photoelectric/?f??t??I'lektrIk/adj.光電的3．institution/?InstI′tju??n/n.制度；習(xí)俗4．takeupaposition擔(dān)任；任職5．peculiarity/pI?kju?li'?r?ti/n.個(gè)性；特點(diǎn)6．encounter/In'ka?nt?(r)/v.偶然碰到；遇到n．邂逅Period2Lesson1ScientificBreakthroughs—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配單詞1．well-being A.thestateofbeingexactorcorrect2．innovation B.tostartanactivity，especiallyanorganizedone3．productive C.beingnotproudorbeingmodest4．instant D．happeningimmediately5．launch E.tosuggestaplanoranidea6．humble F．theintroductionofnewthings，ideasorwaysofdoingsth7．propose G．generalhealthandhappiness8．a(chǎn)ccuracy 答案1.G2.F3.H4.D5.B6.C7.E8.AⅡ.選詞填空eq\x(bededicatedto，replace...with/by，nottomention，figureout，rangefrom...to...)1．Ittookthemaboutonemonthtojustfigureouthowtostarttheequipment.2．Obviously，whenthebossarrived，thejoyfulatmospherewasreplacedby/withaseriousone.3．Shehasneverdoneanyexercise，nottomentiontakingpartinanycompetitions.4．Shehashadanumberofdifferentjobs，rangingfromcheftoswimminginstructor.5．Thesepioneersofthe20thcenturywerealldedicatedtoimprovingthequalityofhumanlifeonearth.Step1速讀——整體理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Scientificdiscoveriesinourdailylives.B．Commitmentmadebygreatinventors.C．Changeshappeninoureverydaylives.D．Pioneersofthe20thcenturyinscience.答案DⅡ.悉層次結(jié)構(gòu)Readthepassagequicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachpart.Part1(Para.1)A．Theinfluenceofthesediscoveriesorinventions.Part2(Paras.2－6)

B．Therearemanyimportantdiscoveriesandinventionsinthe20thcentury.Part3(Para.7)C．Somerepresentativepioneersandtheirdiscoveriesorinventions.答案Part1BPart2CPart3AStep2細(xì)讀——逐段獲取細(xì)節(jié)Ⅰ.ReadPara.1anddothefollowingexercises.1．WhatisNOTmentionedasthediscoveryofhumaninthe20thcentury?A．Spaceexploration.B．Meansoftransport.C．Entertainment.D．Physicsandmedicine.答案C2．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstsentenceinparagraph1?A．Thereareanumberofimportantdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.B．Itiseasytochoosethemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury.C．Therearefewgreatdiscoveriesinthe20thcentury.D．Someonewhowillchoosethediscoverywillbeintrouble.答案AⅡ.ReadParas.2－6anddothefollowingexercises.1．HowdidEinsteinthinkoftheequation“E＝mc2”？A．Whenhewasatwork.B．Hisassistanthelpedhim.C．Whenhewasrockinghisone-year-oldbaby，hewasinspired.D．Hisdreaminspiredhim.答案C2．WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeFleming?A．Proud. B．Modest.C．Ambitious. D．Warm-hearted.答案B3．WhatdidEinsteinandFlemingshareincommon?A．Theywerebothphysicists.B．Bothoftheirfindingswerefoundbyaccident.C．Theywerebothmodestabouttheirdiscoveries.D．Bothoftheirfindingswereappliedtoourdailylife.答案B4．What’stheoriginalpurposeofdesigningthefirstcomputer?A．Todosomedifficultexperiments.B．Toimprovetheaccuracyofthemissiles.C．Tohelppeoplemakemathematicalcalculations.D．Toreplacethemissilesandbecomeanewweapon.答案B5．WhomadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet?A．Einstein. B．Fleming.C．Mauchly. D．Berners-Lee.答案D6．Howisthispartofthepassagedeveloped?A．Byanalyzingthecausesandeffects.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bylistingsomeexamples.D．Bytheorderofimportance.答案CⅢ.ReadPara.7anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepioneersandtheirachievements?A．Objective. B．Admirable.C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical.答案B2．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword“dedicated”inthelastparagraph?A．Devoted. B．Fragile.C．Likely. D．Experienced.答案AⅣ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．TointroduceAlbertEinstein.B．Tointroducetheprocessofscientificbreakthroughs.C．Tointroducethemajorscientificdiscoveriesinthe20thcentury.D．Tointroducethecontributionsscientistsmadetotheworld.答案C2．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Education. B．History.C．Science. D．Entertainment.答案CStep3讀后——討論深度理解1．Workinagroupoffourandeachmemberpicksoneofthediscoveriesorinventions，talkingaboutitwithothermembers.(Creativethinking)2．Whichdiscoveryorinventiondoyouthinkhasbeenthemostimportantsofar?Why？(Criticalthinking)Step4總結(jié)——課文語法填空Ifyouhadtochoosethesinglemostimportant1.discovery(discover)ofthe20thcentury，youwouldhavearealproblemonyourhands.Injust100years，theworld2.haschanged(change)completely.Amazingdiscoveriesweremadeindifferentareas.Herearesomegreatpioneersinscienceofthe20thcentury.Oneofthe20thcentury’spremierscientistswasAlbertEinstein.Hefound“E＝mc2”．Healso3.proposed(propose)“theoryofrelativity”．In1928，anotherimportantfinding—penicillinwasdiscoveredbybiologistAlexanderFleming.However，hewashumbleaboutthe4.amazing(amaze)outcomeofhisdiscovery.What’smore，Eckert，anengineer，andMauchly，aphysicist，inajointeffort，inventedtheworld’sfirstcomputer.5.Withthedevelopmentofcomputers，peopleexpectedtogetmorethingsdone6.efficiently(efficient)．DuringtheColdWar，a“hugenetwork”ofcomputerswasproposedbytwoAmericanscientists.Butin1990，TimBerners-LeeinventedtheWorldWideWeb,7.whichenabledcomputersallovertheworldtocommunicatewitheachother.Withthese8.pioneers(pioneer)ofthe20thcenturydedicatedto9.improving(improve)thequalityofhumanlifeonEarth，humanlifehasbeentransformedinto10.a“globalvillage”．Step5解讀——長句難句分析1．Westartedflyingaroundtheworld，launchingsatellitesintoorbitand，atthesametime，scientistsfiguredouthowtosplittheatom，previouslythoughttobethesmallestparticleofmatterintheuniverse.[句式分析]此句是并列句。主語分別是We和scientists，第二個(gè)分句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是figuredout，howtosplittheatom是賓語；previouslythoughttobethesmallestparticleofmatterintheuniverse是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾theatom。[自主翻譯]我們開始坐飛機(jī)周游世界，把人造衛(wèi)星發(fā)射至軌道。同時(shí)，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被認(rèn)為是宇宙中最小的物質(zhì)微粒。2．Althoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportantdiscovery，itispossibletosingleoutafewpioneersofthe20thcentury.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；主句是“Itis＋adj.＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中it是形式主語；真正的主語是tosingleout...，意為“挑選出”。[自主翻譯]盡管不太可能選出哪項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)是最重要的，但是挑選出20世紀(jì)的幾位先驅(qū)還是可能的。3．Humanlifeonthisplanethasbeentransformedintoa“globalvillage”，withallthedifferentcountrieslinkedinthechainofcommoninterests.[句式分析]此句是簡單句。主語是Humanlife，謂語動(dòng)詞是hasbeentransformed；withallthedifferentcountrieslinkedinthechainofcommoninterests是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，此處的構(gòu)成是“with＋名詞＋done”，在句中作狀語。[自主翻譯]不同國家因共同利益而連接起來，使得這個(gè)星球上人類的生活已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤暗厍虼濉薄?．Withoutthebreakthroughsofthesepioneersinscienceandtechnology，whetherluckyorplanned，theworldasweknowittodaywouldbeacompletelydifferentplace.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。without引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M，意為“如果沒有，要是沒有”；whetherluckyorplanned是狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，省略了thebreakthroughsare；asweknowittoday是定語從句，先行詞是theworld。[自主翻譯]如果沒有這些先驅(qū)取得的科技突破，無論這些突破是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的還是計(jì)劃之中的，我們今天所熟知的世界將是一個(gè)完全不同的地方。Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2023·江西萍鄉(xiāng)高二期末)Thewords“caring”and“empathetic”(共情的)aren’tonesnormallyassociatedwithtechnology.Yearsley，anAustralianenterpriserwhoisexpertinartificialintelligence(AI)，istryingtochangethat.YearsleyisthefounderofAkin，aroboticsstartupthatcurrentlyusesatablet-basedsystemtohelpusersmanagethetasksrelatedtohomelife，whetherthat’splanningmealsorremindingyoutopayyourcellphonebill.CurrenthomedevicesmadebyGoogleorAmazonorAppleusepredictiveAItotrackpatterns，strengthenbehaviorsandmanipulate(操縱)buyingdecisions，someofwhich，sheassumes，arequestionableorjustunhealthy.Incontrast，theAIthatsheisdevelopingwillbedesignedtorunthehumanhome，encouraginghealthfuldecisionssuchastakinganightlywalk，refillingthefridgeandsupportingsocialinteractionslikelunchesorbirthdaycelebrationswithfriends.“It’sthehardestAIIhaveeverbuiltforit’sacomplexsystem，”Yearsleysays.YearsleybegandevelopingtheAkintechnologyin2017，whensherealizedtheneedtobettermanagethehomeishugelyignored.Besides，sherealizedthatwomenunequallybeartheburdenofhouseholdwork.AUnitedNationsreportestimatesthatwomendo2.6timestheamountofunpaidcareanddomesticworkthatmendo，orcloseto30hoursperweekintheU．S.alone.WhileYearsleypicturesanarmyofrobotssomedayhelpingwithroutinehomemadetasks，thefirstdisplayforAkinwilltaketimeandmoney.Akinhasreceivedsomeearlyseedmoneyfromahandfulofinvestors，andwasrecentlyselectedasafinalistfortechgiantLGNova’sMissionfortheFutureprogram，anannualchallengethatseekstoidentifybusinesseshavingpotentialtoimprovelifeandleadsocietyintothefuture.語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。機(jī)器人初創(chuàng)公司Akin的創(chuàng)始人Yearsley正在開發(fā)的人工智能系統(tǒng)將為用戶帶來人性化的家庭管理服務(wù)。1．WhatmighttheAkin’sAIsystemsuggest?A．Consumingmoredrinkstoenjoyyourself.B．Purchasingproductsthatmayattractyou.C．Stayinguplateworkingtomakemoremoney.D．Spendingmoretimestayingwithyourfamily.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，Akin的人工智能將被設(shè)計(jì)用于管理人類的家庭、鼓勵(lì)健康的決定。因此推斷，該系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)建議你與家人一起度過更多時(shí)間。故選D。2．WhatmadeYearsleydeveloptheAkin’sAIsystem?A．Heavyburdenofwomen.B．Thehighcostofcurrenthomedevices.C．Financialsupportfrominvestors.D．Akin’sbecomingafinalistforaprogram.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，促使Yearsley研發(fā)AI系統(tǒng)的因素之一就是女性的沉重負(fù)擔(dān)。故選A。3．WhatcanbeusedtodescribetheAkin’sAIsystem?A．Popularandpromising.B．Stableandsecure.C．Thoughtfulandinnovative.D．Matureandideal.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句和第三段第一句可知，區(qū)別于現(xiàn)有的智能家居系統(tǒng)，4．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．TointroduceafuturisticAIsystem.B．Tocomparetwocompanies’AIsystems.C．Tocallonpeopletocareabouthousewives.D．ToseeksupportforanAIexpert.答案A解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句并結(jié)合全文可知，本文的目的是介紹Akin公司的一套極具未來感的人工智能系統(tǒng)。故選A。BArecentstudyfoundthatthenutritionalqualityofIcelandicSpirulinaalgae(螺旋藻)producedbyacutting-edgebiotechnologysysteminIceland，issuperiortothatofbeefintermsofprotein，essentialfattyacids，andiron，andcanserveasahealthy，safe，andmoresustainablesubstitutetomeatindailydiets.Accordingtothestudy，foreverykilogramofbeefmeatreplacedwithIcelandicSpirulina，consumerswillsavesome1,400litersofwater,340squaremetersoffertileland，andnearly100kilogramsofgreenhousegasesemittedintotheatmosphere.Moreover，thealgaemaybeconsumedindifferentforms，includingaswetbiomass，orintheformofpaste，powder，orpill.Forexample，onecanuseIcelandicSpirulinapowderasaningredientinpasta，pancakes，andpastries，ordrinkanIcelandicSpirulinashake.Whiletheroleofmeatinhumandietshasbeenhelpful，itsecologicalfootprintisconsiderableandharmful.Raisingbeefcattlerequiresarablelandsandfeeds，andemitsgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere，contributingtoclimatechangeandglobalwarming.Asthedemandforanimal-sourceproteinsgrows，sodothedamagescausedbytheanimalbreeding.Asaresponse，humanityissearchingfornovelwaystoensureitsnutritionalsecurity.Algae，especiallySpirulina，areconsideredamongthemosteffectivefoodproducersonEarthandcanbecultivatedusingdifferenttechniques.Itisanautotrophicorganism(自養(yǎng)生物)andisdependentonphotosynthesis(光合作用)andasupplyofcarbondioxide.Thus，unlikemanyotheralternativeproteinsources，cultivatingthisfoodsourceremovesgreenhousegasesfromtheatmosphereandreducesclimatechange.Dr.AsafTzachor，leadingresearcherofthestudy，stressed：“Nutritionalsecurity，climatechangereduction，andclimatechangeadaptationcangohandinhand.AllconsumersmustdoisadoptabitofIcelandicSpirulinaintotheirmealsanddietsinsteadofbeefmeat.It’shealthier，safer，andmoresustainable.Whateverchangewewishtoseeintheworldshouldbeclearlyshowninourdietarychoices.”語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了冰島的先進(jìn)生物技術(shù)系統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)出的螺旋藻，可以用來替代牛肉，從而減少養(yǎng)牛對(duì)環(huán)境帶來的影響。5．WhatcanwelearnaboutIcelandicSpirulinaalgae?A．Itcontainsmorenutrientsthanbeef.B．Itisconsumedonlyasadish.C．Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.D．ItgrowsinlakesinIceland.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，每用冰島螺旋藻替代一公斤牛肉，消費(fèi)者將節(jié)省大量的水和土地，減少近100公斤排放到大氣中的溫室氣體。因此，冰島螺旋藻的特點(diǎn)是環(huán)保的。故選C。6．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thecauseofglobalwarming.B．Thesourceofgreenhousegases.C．Theconditionsofraisingbeefcattle.D．Thenegativeeffectsofraisingbeefcattle.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段可知，飼養(yǎng)肉牛需要耕地和飼料，并向大氣中排放溫室氣體，導(dǎo)致氣候變化和全球變暖。隨著對(duì)動(dòng)物源蛋白質(zhì)需求的增長，動(dòng)物育種造成的損害也在增加。故第三段主要講了飼養(yǎng)肉牛的負(fù)面影響。故選D。7．AccordingtoDr.AsafTzachor，whatshouldconsumersdo?A．Payattentiontofoodsafety.B．Keepabalanceddiet.C．Cultivatesustainablefoodcrops.D．Makewisechoicesindailydiet.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后三句可知，消費(fèi)者必須做的就是在他們的飲食中加入一點(diǎn)冰島螺旋藻，而不是牛肉。它更健康、更安全、更可持續(xù)。無論我們希望世界發(fā)生什么變化，都應(yīng)該在我們的飲食選擇中體現(xiàn)出來。即消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該在日常飲食上做出明智的選擇。故選D。8．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．UnlockingtheSecretofSpirulinaB．ReplacingBeefwithThisC．MoreVegetables，LessMeatD．ASuperBiotechnologySystem答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本文前兩段介紹了冰島螺旋藻的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，第三段介紹養(yǎng)牛的弊端，第四段介紹為什么冰島螺旋藻被選為牛肉的替代品，最后一段Dr.AsafTzachor希望消費(fèi)者在日常飲食中選擇螺旋藻而不是牛肉。B選項(xiàng)“用這個(gè)代替牛肉”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選B。CWhen76-year-oldAntoinette-MarieWilliamsplayed17-year-oldEmmettDanielsinchessforthefirsttime，shegaveDanielsarunforhismoney.PairedthroughDOROT，aNewYorkorganizationwhichwaslaunchedin1976，theyareaperfectmatch，“Iwasagoodopponentforhim.Idon’tthinkheexpectedit.”WilliamstoldtheCVSHealthblogFortuneWell.TheirweeklygameshaveledDanielsandWilliamstoacross-generationalrelationshipthattheybothenjoy.WilliamsandDaniels’relationshipdisprovestheideathatpeopleofdifferentgenerationshavelittleincommon.Sinceitsfounding，DOROThasachievedareputationofexcellenceandinnovationinthefieldsofagingservices.Volunteersofyoungagesoffercriticalresourcestoolderadults，inservicesspecifictotheperson’sneedsandinterests，withtheultimategoaloflesseninglonelinessoftheold.Lonelinesshasbeenrecognizedasasignificantsocialissueformanyyears，buttheclassificationoflonelinessasanepidemic(流行病)hasemergedonlyinrecentyears.In2018，theUKgovernmentappointedaMinisterforLoneliness，highlightingtheincreasingconcernaroundtheissue.Thisfollowedthepublicationofthe2017reportbytheJoCoxLonelinessCommission，whichfoundthatlonelinesswasagrowingsocialepidemicandcalledforanationalstrategytoaddresstheissue.Fortunately，therearewaystobattleloneliness，includingtheinterventioninthelivesofisolatedseniorsbyorganizationslikeDOROT.Itadvocatesbuildingasupportnetworkbyreachingouttofamilyandfriends，joiningacommunityorsocialgroup，orvolunteeringtoconnectwithlike-mindedpeople.TheconnectionbetweenWilliamsandDanielsshowsthattheseinter-generationalrelationshipsplayanimportantroleinreducinglonelinessandaddingjoytothelivesofalltheparticipants，youngandold.Anotherwaytobattlelonelinessistousetechnologytostayconnectedwithlovedoneswhichfostersmeaningandpurposethroughonlineactivitiesandconversations.Practicingself-careisalsoencouraged，asisbeingpatientbecausestrongrelationshipstaketimeandefforttocreate.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在老齡化服務(wù)領(lǐng)域取得了卓越和創(chuàng)新的聲譽(yù)的DOROT。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph1probablymean?A．ShehadarunningracewithDaniels.B．Danielsfeltdisappointed.C．Danielshadatoughwin.D．ShegaveDanielsmoneyasagiftofgreeting.答案C解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Iwasagoodopponentforhim.Idon’tthinkheexpectedit.”可知，對(duì)于17歲的EmmettDaniels來說，他沒有想到76歲的Antoinette-MarieWilliams在圍棋方面的技藝高超，因此畫線句的含義為“Daniels贏得很辛苦”。故選C。10．WhatisthepurposeofDOROT?A．Tomaketechnologicalinnovation.B．Toenhancethelivingstandardsoftheelderly.C．Toofferjobopportunitiesforpeopleofallages.D．Toprovideseniorswithinter-generationalconnection.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句和第二段最后一句可知，DOROT通過活動(dòng)幫助老人和年輕人建立了彼此都喜歡的跨代關(guān)系，所以其目的是為老年人提供代際聯(lián)系，故選D。11．Whatdoestheauthortrytostressinparagraph3?A．Thesolutiontoloneliness.B．Therootcauseofloneliness.C．Theclassificationofloneliness.D．Thegrowingattentiontoloneliness.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，2018年，英國政府任命了一名解決老年人孤獨(dú)問題的事務(wù)大臣，這突顯了人們對(duì)這一問題的日益關(guān)注。作者在本段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)政府對(duì)老人孤獨(dú)問題的關(guān)注日益增長。故選D。12．Inwhichsectionofanewspaperdoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A．SocietyWatch. B．NewsExpress.C．PageTurner. D．ScienceStudy.答案A解析文章出處題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了在老齡化服務(wù)領(lǐng)域取得了卓越和創(chuàng)新的聲譽(yù)的DOROT，同時(shí)在第三段中也提到了政府對(duì)老人孤獨(dú)問題的關(guān)注。因而文章主要描述的是老年人的孤獨(dú)問題，所以文章可能來自“社會(huì)關(guān)注”版塊，故選A。Ⅱ.七選五RiseoftheRobotsTheword“robot”wascreatedin1920bytheCzechplaywrightKarelCapek，whoimaginedartificial，fullyfunctionalservants.Formostoftheirhistory，however，robotshavebeensilent，inelegantdevicessittingoutofsightinfactories.Thingsarestartingtochange，however.Robotshav