高中英語北師大版選擇性必修三UNIT 9 Period 8　Writing-A Summary

Period8Writing—ASummary(2)Activity1Readforsomedetails.ReadthepassageonP62andchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefeatureoftheepidemic?A．Infection. B．Variation.C．Rapidspread. D．Toomanydeaths.答案B2．Whichepidemichasoccurredtwiceinhistory?A．TheSARS. B．TheBirdFlu.C．TheBlackDeath. D．TheSpanishFlu.答案C3．Whatshouldtheworlddotodealwiththepandemics?A．Reducecontactandavoidinfection.B．Strengthencooperationandworktogether.C．Getvaccinationstoboostyourimmunity.D．Protecttheenvironmentandsolvetherootcauses.答案BActivity2Readforthestructures.ReadthepassageonP58－59andfillintheblanks.PartsCorrespondingparagraphsKeyinformation11－2Definition23－6Someepidemicswereconnected37－8Epidemicsinthe21stcentury49CooperationneededtofightagainstepidemicsActivity3Readforsomegoodsentences.1．說明文的概要寫作開頭要寫明被說明事物的概念。請?jiān)赑62的文本中找出這樣的句子。Anepidemicistherapidspreadofaninfectiousdiseaseoverashortperiodoftime，causingalargenumberofdeaths，thenumberofwhichdiffersfordifferentdiseases.2．概要中的事例往往更言簡意賅。請?jiān)赑62的文本中找出這樣的句子。The1997birdfluwhichclaimedover100liveswasanadaptationoftheGreatFluof1918.AccordingtoofficialrecordsEVDhaskilledmorethan11,310peopleinWestAfricaalone.3．說明文概要中陳述一個(gè)問題，往往在最后說明解決方法。請?jiān)赑62的文本中找出這樣的句子。Globally，researchersarecomingtogethertotrytoidentifythecausesforandhelptofindeffectivetreatmentsforepidemics.概要寫作：提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生在對原文進(jìn)行閱讀后，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用詞句既要用詞準(zhǔn)確、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、語意連貫、不得抄襲原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。一、注意事項(xiàng)1．詞數(shù)要限制在60詞左右，上下限不得超出10個(gè)單詞。2．要根據(jù)文章的題材特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行寫作。3．人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要與所給文章中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。但必要時(shí)也可以轉(zhuǎn)為第三人稱。4．寫作時(shí)盡可能地使用復(fù)合句，必要時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換詞性，不得完全照抄照搬原文。5．一定不要加入自己的觀點(diǎn)并對原文加以評論；一定不要引入與原文內(nèi)容無關(guān)的信息。二、寫作步驟1．確定體裁，明確主題及結(jié)構(gòu)。體裁結(jié)構(gòu)記敘文記敘文：人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件(起因——發(fā)展——結(jié)果)夾敘夾議文：六要素＋寓意/啟示說明文事物的性質(zhì)功能類：對象＋性質(zhì)功能＋利害問題的解決方法或措施；問題＋解決方法現(xiàn)象類：現(xiàn)象＋原因＋結(jié)果議論文論點(diǎn)＋論據(jù)＋結(jié)論2．確定主題句，找關(guān)鍵信息。畫出每一段的主題句，抓住關(guān)鍵信息，忽略次要信息。3．改寫關(guān)鍵信息，得出要點(diǎn)。使用意義相同或相近的單詞、短語或句式，或使用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)同樣的意思。如改變語態(tài)、肯定變否定等。4．添加連接詞，使行文連貫。要牢記各段落要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系和自然銜接，用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞去連貫全文。常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：however，besides，inaddition，therefore，instead等等。常用表達(dá)1．Thisarticle/passagemainlytells(astory)about...2．Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...3．Thisarticlefocusesonthetopicsof...4．Inthispassage(about...)，theauthor...5．Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...6．First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart，theauthorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)．..7．Secondly/Next/Furtheron/Then/Inthenextpart/Inthemainpart，theauthorgoesonwith...8．Finally/Asaconclusion，theauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Gettingridofdirt，intheopinionofmostpeople，isagoodthing.However，thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease，asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538，theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryⅣ，KingofFrance，wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath，thekingorderedthat，toavoidtheattackofdisease，thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好處)ofdirtwaslong-lived，dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking，cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet，itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite，clothseversofter，surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt，however，gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt，whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary，MaryRuebush，anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.第一步審題謀篇把握原文文體特征，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)。本文為說明文，說明某現(xiàn)象及其原因、影響和解決方案，即“現(xiàn)象＋原因＋影響＋解決方案”，人稱為第三人稱，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第二步利用原文信號詞，尋找段落中心句，提取要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)1.Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.要點(diǎn)2.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease，asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.要點(diǎn)3.Dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.要點(diǎn)4.Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt.MaryRuebushencourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.第三步改寫要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)1.Attitudestodirthavechangedovertime.要點(diǎn)2.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtcanblockoutdisease.要點(diǎn)3.Sincethe18thcentury，cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.要點(diǎn)4.Somepeoplewarnchildrentokeepoffdirt，whilemoreandmorepeopleencouragechildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.第四步整合要點(diǎn)，連句成文，注意銜接范文賞讀Attitudestowardsdirthavebeenchangingovertime.(要點(diǎn)1)Inthe16thcentury，peoplebelievedthatdirtontheskinhelpedprotectagainstdisease.(要點(diǎn)2)Sincethe18thcentury，however，peoplehavedevelopedthebeliefthatcleaningawaydirtcanpreventdisease.(要點(diǎn)3)Today，althoughattitudestodirtstilldiffersharply，moreandmorepeoplechoosetobelievethatplayinginthedirtcanhelpbuildupastrongimmunesystem.(要點(diǎn)4)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Thehamburgerhasbecomeaworldwideculturalicon(符號)．Eatingmeat，especiallybeef，isakeypartofmanydiversecultures.Studiesshow，however，thattheconsumptionoflargequantitiesofmeatisamajorcontributingfactortowardsagreatmanydeaths，includingtheunnecessarilyhighnumberofdeathsfromheart-relatedproblems.Althoughithasbecomepopularonslowly，vegetarianismisawayoflifethatshowsseveraladvantages.Surprisingasitmaysound，vegetarianismcanhavebeneficialeffectsontheenvironment.Becausedemandformeatanimalsissohigh，cattlearebeingraisedinareaswhererainforestsoncestood.Asrainforestlandisclearedtomakeroomforcattlefarms，theenvironmentbalanceisupset;thisimbalancecouldhaveseriousconsequencesforhumans.ThearticleDeforestation:TheHiddenCauseofGlobalWarmingbyDanielHowdenexplainsthatmuchofthecurrentglobalwarmingisduetothedecreaseofrainforests.Moreimportantatanindividuallevelisthequestionofhoweatingmeataffectsaperson’shealth.Meat，unlikevegetables，cancontainverylargeamountsoffat.Eatingthisfathasbeenconnectedtocertainkindsofcancer.Ifpeoplecutdownontheamountsofmeattheyeat，theywouldbemorelikelytolowertheirrisksofcancers.Furthermore，eatinganimalfatscanleadtoobesity，andobesitycancausenumeroushealthproblems.Forexample，obesitycancausepeopletoslowdownandtheirhearttohavetoworkharder.Thisresultsinhighbloodpressure.Withsomuchmeatconsumptionworldwide，itisnowonderthatheartdiseaseisaleadingkiller.Ifpeoplefollowedvegetariandiets，theywouldnotonlybehealthierbutalsolivelonger.Eatingcertainkindsofvegetabl