高中英語北師大版選擇性必修四Unit 11 Period 7　Focus on Language-Modal Verbs Verbs with Similar Meanings

Period7FocusonLanguage—ModalVerbs&VerbswithSimilarMeanings閱讀以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成文后的練習(xí)“WhatshallIread？”Youmighthaveaskedyourselfthisquestionmorethanonce.Ifyouarenotsurewhattoread，youcangetideasfromdifferentsources，butitisalsoimportanttodevelopyourowntaste.Tostartwith，askyourfriends，parentsandteacherstorecommendwhatbooksyououghttoread.Mostpeoplewillbehappytosharetheirfavouritebookswithothers.Teachersinparticularcanprovidesuggestionsforinterestingreadingmaterialsthatcanbefoundinthelibraryorbookshopeasily.Youcouldalsoreadbookreviewsinnewspapers，inmagazinesoronline.Abookreviewcanoftentellyouwhetherabookisworthreadingornot.Theseideasshouldpointyouintherightdirection.However，youmustalsodecideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Youdonothavetoreadabookjustbecauseeveryonerecommendsit.Instead，lookforbooksontopicsthatinterestyou.Taketimetolookthroughthecollectionsindifferentsectionsofyourlocallibrary，andyouarelikelytocomeacrossbooksyoulovetoread.Overtime，youmayfindyourselfbetterabletoseekoutbookstoyourtasteandenjoyreadingallthemore.自主發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)以上黑體詞為情態(tài)動詞，這類詞本身有詞義，表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，在句中不能單獨(dú)用作謂語動詞，一般只能和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞。(2)情態(tài)動詞一般無人稱和數(shù)的變化，個別情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在時和過去時兩種時態(tài)變化。情態(tài)動詞一、情態(tài)動詞的概念情態(tài)動詞(ModalVerbs)本身有詞義，表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，如命令、允諾、請求、拒絕、愿望、意愿、義務(wù)、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。情態(tài)動詞有詞義但詞義不全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語動詞，一般只能和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞。二、情態(tài)動詞的特征1．情態(tài)動詞后面一般直接加動詞原形，除了ought＋todosth；2．情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第三人稱單數(shù)的現(xiàn)在時也無變化；3．情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式；即沒有不定式、動名詞或分詞形式；4．情態(tài)動詞只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式，但可以表示現(xiàn)在、過去和將來時間。三、情態(tài)動詞的用法1．can與could的用法(1)表示能力：can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去的能力。Icanplaybasketballnow，butIcouldn’twhenIwasyoung.現(xiàn)在我會打籃球了，但小時候我不會。(2)表示請求和許可：could語氣比can委婉，但回答時只能用can?！狢an/Couldyoulendmeahand?—Yes，Ican.——你能幫我一下嗎？——我能。(3)表示推測，意為“可能”。多用于否定句或疑問句?！狢anhebeinthereadingroomnow?—No，hecan’tbeinit.BecauseIsawhimintheofficejustnow.——他現(xiàn)在可能在閱覽室嗎？——不，他不可能在(閱覽室)。因為我剛剛在辦公室看見他了。(4)表示理論上或習(xí)慣上的可能性，意為“可能會”。Ithinksomeadvertisementscanbequitedangerous.我認(rèn)為有些廣告可能會非常有害。比較can，beableto表示“能力”時的區(qū)別can用于指現(xiàn)在，常表示自身具有的能力。beableto用于各種時態(tài)，表示經(jīng)過努力后所具有的能力。Babiescanswimwhentheyareborn.嬰兒們剛生下來時會游泳。(自身具有的能力)Withouthishardwork，hewasnotabletogetgoodgrades.如果沒有他的努力工作，他是不可能取得好成績的。(經(jīng)過努力)2．may與might的用法1表示征求對方的許可或允許不用might。2表示推測把握不大，意為“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may的可能性更小。3may用于祈使句，表示祝愿?！狹ayIcomein?—Yes，youmay/can.——我可以進(jìn)來嗎？——是的，你可以進(jìn)來。Itmay/mightrainthisafternoon.You’dbettertakearaincoatwithyou.今天下午可能會下雨。你最好帶上雨衣。Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你旅途愉快！注意may表示“允許”時的否定形式是mustnot(不應(yīng)該，不許可)?！狹ayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?—No，youmustn’t.——我可以把這本書拿出閱覽室嗎？——不行。3．will與would的用法1will用于將來時態(tài)的構(gòu)成，表示意志、意愿、決心等，其過去式是would。2would可以表示“過去常常做……”。Shewilltakepartintheopeningceremonyifshehasfreetimetomorrow.如果明天有時間，她愿意來參加開幕式。IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymotherwouldtakemetoDisneylandatweekends.我還記得快樂的童年時光，當(dāng)時媽媽常在周末帶我去迪斯尼樂園。4．should與oughtto的用法(1)表示責(zé)任或義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”。用于表示按道理應(yīng)當(dāng)，常指客觀的義務(wù)或責(zé)任。oughtto比should的語氣重。(2)表示勸告、建議或命令。should和oughtto可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。oughtto的否定式為oughtn’tto或oughtnotto。(3)表示推測。兩者可換用。Yououghtto/shouldfollowtheoldman’sadvice.你應(yīng)當(dāng)聽那位老人的建議。Yououghtto/shouldgototheclinicatonce.Youdon’tlookwell.你臉色不好，應(yīng)該馬上到醫(yī)務(wù)室去。Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.這里應(yīng)該就是石油存在的地方。5．shall的用法1用于一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示征求對方意見。2用于二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示允許、命令、警告和決心。ShallIopenthewindowinthesitting-room?我可以打開客廳的窗戶嗎？YoushallreturnthisbooktothelibrarybeforeJune1st.六月一號前你要把書還回圖書館。Anyoneshallbepunishedifhe/shebreakstheschoolrules.任何人違反學(xué)校規(guī)定都將會受到懲罰。6．must的用法(1)表示命令或強(qiáng)烈的建議，意為“必須”。Allthestudentsmustobeytheschoolrules.所有學(xué)生必須遵守校規(guī)。(2)表示十分肯定的推測，意為“一定；準(zhǔn)是”。Bettymustbeinthenextroom.Icanhearhertalkingthere.貝蒂肯定在隔壁房間。我能聽見她在那兒講話。(3)表示說話人的一種態(tài)度，意為“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。MustyoumakesomuchnoisewhenIhavearest?你非得在我休息時弄出這么大的聲音嗎？(4)mustnot表示禁止，意思是“不許”“不準(zhǔn)”“不可以”等。Youmustn’tstopyourcarinthebusystreet.你不能把車停在繁忙的路上。注意回答must問句時，肯定回答多用must；否定回答多用needn’t或don’thaveto。—MustIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeeighto’clock?—Yes，youmust.(No，youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.)——我必須要在8點之前完成作業(yè)嗎？——是的，必須。(不，沒必要。)比較must和haveto(1)haveto“不得不”，有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，其否定形式為don’t/doesn’t/didn’thaveto。(2)haveto表示一種客觀的需要，而must表示一種主觀的需要。It’stoolate.Ihavetogohomenow.天色太晚了，我現(xiàn)在得回家了。Youdon’thavetofinishtheworknow.你沒有必要現(xiàn)在完成這項工作。Youmustcutdownonsmoking.你必須少抽些煙。7．dare與need的用法1need與dare用作情態(tài)動詞時，一般只用于否定句與疑問句中。2need與dare用作實義動詞時有人稱、數(shù)及時態(tài)的變化，其后多接帶to的不定式，有時to也可省去尤其是在否定句或疑問句中。Howdareyoutalktomeinsucharudeway?你怎么敢這么粗魯?shù)馗艺f話？Iwonderhowhedarestosaysuchthings.我納悶他怎么竟敢說出這樣的話來。Wedon’tdare(to)sayanythingaboutthepresentsituation.對于目前的形勢我們什么也不敢說。Youneedn’tworryabouthimbecausehehasbeenoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.你不必為他擔(dān)心，他已經(jīng)足夠大能照顧自己了。四、“情態(tài)動詞＋havedone”的用法“情態(tài)動詞＋havedone”表示對過去事情的推測或者表示虛擬語氣。各情態(tài)動詞的這種具體用法如下表：can’t/couldn’thavedone過去一定未做(表推測)musthavedone過去一定做了(表推測)may/mighthavedone過去也許做了(表推測)couldhavedone本能做而未做(表虛擬)should/oughttohavedone本該做而未做(表虛擬)needn’thavedone本不必做而做了(表虛擬)Hecan’t/couldn’thavewatchedTVlastnight，forheknewhewouldhaveatest.昨天晚上他不可能看電視，因為他知道就要考試了。Fromwhatyousaid，shemusthavetoldyouallaboutit.從你所說的來看，她一定把一切都告訴你了。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam，buthewastoocareless.本來他能夠通過考試，但是他太粗心了。Youshould/oughttohavetoldmeearlierorImighthavegonewiththem.你本應(yīng)該早點告訴我，不然的話我就會和他們一塊去了。Ineedn’thavecookedsomuchfood.Nobodywashungry.我本不必做這么多吃的，大家都不餓。英語常用近義動詞動詞是高考考查重點，在完形填空和寫作中，動詞詞義辨析尤為重要。英語中有不少動詞，意思相近，但是其真正的意義和用法還是有一定的差別。需要在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中注意區(qū)分。下面是英語中常用的近義動詞。1．a(chǎn)ccept，receive1accept表示主動自愿“接受”2receive強(qiáng)調(diào)“接到”或“收到”IammorethangladtoreceiveyourletteraskingmeabouttheGrown-up-ceremony.我很高興收到你的來信，詢問我關(guān)于成人禮的事情。Thanksalotforyourgift，andIwillacceptitwithgreatappreciation.非常感謝你送的禮物，我將懷著感激之情收下。2．separate，divide1separate指把連在一起或混合在一起的東西分開，常與from連用2divide指把一個整體分為若干部分，常與into連用Thewholeclasswasdividedintofourgroupsatrandom.全班被隨機(jī)分成四個小組。Theinfectedpatientsmustbeseparatedfromotherpeopleimmediately.被感染的病人必須立刻跟其他人分開。3．wear，dress，puton1wear指穿衣、鞋襪或戴手套等，側(cè)重穿戴的狀態(tài)。2dress指給自己或他人穿衣。3puton指把衣服、鞋襪、帽子、手套等戴上去，側(cè)重穿戴的動作。Whydoeshealwaysweardarksunglasses?他為什么總是戴著墨鏡？Themotherdressedherbabyinabeautifulredskirt.母親給她的寶寶穿上了漂亮的紅裙子。Putonyourheavywintercoatifyoumustgooutnow.如果你現(xiàn)在非要出去就穿上你的厚冬衣。4．look，stare，glare，glance，gaze，peek(1)look“看，瞧”，一般用詞(2)stare側(cè)重于因驚奇、羨慕等而睜大眼睛看(3)glare指用憤恨、兇狠的目光怒視(4)glance強(qiáng)調(diào)匆忙掃視或一瞥(5)gaze指長時間目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看(6)peek指瞥視；偷窺Childrenshouldbetaughtnottostareatthedisabledpeople.應(yīng)該教育孩子不要盯著殘疾人看。Hedidn’tshoutbutjustglaredatmesilently.他沒有喊叫，只是默默地怒視著我。Heglancedathiswatchandlefttheofficeinahurry.他匆匆看了下手表，然后匆忙離開了辦公室。Theycaughthimpeekingthroughthekeypolewhentheycameback.他們回來時逮住他正在通過鎖孔往里窺視。5．carry，bring，take，fetch1carry指隨身攜帶2bring意思是“帶來，拿來”由遠(yuǎn)及近3take意思是“帶去，拿去”由近及遠(yuǎn)4fetch意思是“去取回來”強(qiáng)調(diào)往返動作Oneoftheadvantagesofthiskindofsunumbrellaisthatitisveryeasytocarry.這種遮陽傘的優(yōu)點之一就是便于隨身攜帶。You’dbetterbringyourownbottlehereincasethepapercupsarenotavailable.你明天最好帶自己的水杯過來以防紙杯不夠用。Nooneshouldtakeawaywhateverdoesn’tbelongtohimorher.任何人都不能拿走不屬于自己的東西。Waitforamoment，andIwillfetchyousomeicywatertoeasethesevereheat.稍等一下，我去給你取些冰水來緩解酷熱。6．choose，elect，pick，select1choose“選擇”，一般用詞，側(cè)重于決定2elect表示“選舉，推選”3select側(cè)重“精挑細(xì)選”4pick表示“挑選，挑揀”Whenitcomestobuyinglivingnecessities，mentendtochooserandomlywhilewomenwillselectcarefully.在購買生活用品時，男人往往會隨意作出選擇，而女人則會精挑細(xì)選。EmmanuelMacronwaselectedFrenchPresidentagainlastweek.上周，以馬內(nèi)利·馬克龍又當(dāng)選為法國總統(tǒng)。Whilelisteningtothesong，picksomeusefulwordsandphrases.聽歌的時候，從中挑選一些有用的單詞和短語。7．happen，occur，takeplace，comeabout，breakout(1)happen強(qiáng)調(diào)“碰巧發(fā)生”(2)occur表示“發(fā)生、想到、突然想起”(3)takeplace多表示按計劃發(fā)生，意思是“舉辦，發(fā)生”(4)comeabout多表示事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了，常用在否定句與疑問句中(5)breakout多指“(戰(zhàn)爭、爭吵等)突然爆發(fā)”Nooneknowsexactlywhatwillhappennext.沒有人確切地知道，接下來會發(fā)生什么。Itoccurredtomethatshehasresignedfromourcompanyandcouldn’tbebothered.我突然想起她已經(jīng)從我們公司辭職，不能再麻煩她了。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowninthepast10years.十年來我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。I’llneverunderstandhowitcameaboutthatyoushouldfailtheexam.我永遠(yuǎn)也不會明白你怎么會考試不及格。Afirebrokeoutinthehospitalatmidnight，fortunatelycausingnodeathorsevereinjuries.午夜，醫(yī)院發(fā)生了火災(zāi)，所幸，沒有人員傷亡。語篇選詞填空W：Ican’tfindmykeysandI’mlate.There1.might(might/would)bealotoftrafficintownsoIneedtohurry.They’renotinmybagsothey2.must(must/shall)beintheflatsomewhere.M：Haveyoulookedinthekitchen?W：They3.can’t(can’t/mustn’t)betherebecauseIhaven’tbeeninthekitchen.They4.might(would/might)beinthebedroombecauseIchangedmyclothesthereorthey5.could(could/must)beonthetableinthehall.I’llgoandlook.No，theyarenotthere.M：Didyouleavetheminthecar?W：They6.can’t(can’t/needn’t)beinthecarbecauseIopenedthedoorwiththem.They7.must(shall/must)betheresomewhere.M：Ican’tseethem.Let’sthink.They8.can’t(mustn’t/can’t)beinyourcoatpocketsbecauseyouweren’twearingonebutthey9.might(hadto/might)beinyourjeanspockets.Haveyoulookedthere?W：Oh，thanks.Theyarehere.Ⅰ.從括號中選出適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空WhenmyEnglishteachersuggestedthatIreadCharlesDickens’sAChristmasCarol，Ithought，“I1.can’t(can’t/shouldn’t)readthis!It2.must(hasto/must)beveryboring！”Surprisingly，itturnedouttheexactopposite.I3.could(could/might)notstopturningthepages!Thebook’smaincharacterisScrooge，arichbutmeanoldman.Hehatesallkindsofcelebrations.OnChristmasEve，heistransportedtodifferentpointsinhislifebythreespirits.Intheend，hereflectsonthesemomentsandrealizeshismistakes.Thenhedecidesthathe4.must(might/must)changehimself.OnChristmasmorning，hesendsalargeturkeytoapoormanforChristmasdinner.Healsotriestomakehisfamilyandfriendshappybyspendingtimewiththem.Thereissomethingthat5.can(can/must)belearnedfromAChristmasCarol：we6.should(should/may)treatotherswithkindness，generosityandlove.Ithinkeveryone7.oughtto(would/oughtto)readthisbook.Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1．IamfeelingsickandIshouldn’thaveeaten(本不應(yīng)該)somuchchocolate.2．Twoyearslater，hewasabletospeakverygoodChinese(能夠說漢語說得很好)．3．Wewerebadlyinneedofhelpthen，butwedarednottoturntohim(不敢向他求助)．4．Youcan’tbetoocareful(再小心都不為過)whencrossingthestreet.Ⅲ.閱讀理解Formanyofus，askingforhelpisadifficultconcept.Wemayfeelasifweareadmittingaweaknessthatworldwouldnothaveknownabout，hadwenotaskedforhelp.However，peoplewhoareabletodeliverwell-positionedrequestsforhelpareoftenseenasverystrongindividuals.Whentheydemonstratethehumility(謙卑)toaskforhelp，theyearntherespectofothers.Peoplewhoreceiveaheartfeltrequestforhelpareusuallyhonoredbytherequest.Inturn，wearestrengthenedbytheveryhelpthatisprovided.OneofmyclientsnamedKirarecentlymadeashiftinhowshewasinteractingwithherboss.Whenaskedtopreparepresentations，sheassumedthatshewasexpectedtodevelopthecontent，deliveritattherequiredmeetingandthenwaitforfeedbackfromherboss.However，Kirarecognizedthatshehadnotyetmadeuseofherboss’ssupport.Shecouldlearnfarmoreaboutcreatingattractivepresentationsbywalkingthroughadraftwithherbossandobtainingfeedbackearlierintheprocessratherthanatthebackend.Soshemadetherequestforhissupport.Theoutcome?HerbosswasdelightedtocoachKiraandwasenthusiasticaboutteachingpresentationskillstoher.BytakingthetimetoworktogetheronpresentationforanumberofKira’skeypresentations，shebenefitedfromherboss’sthoughtprocessandthusimprovedherownpresentations.Kira’spresentationsnowhavepunch!Someofusareuncomfortableaskingforhelpbecausewebelievethatourrequestplacesburdensontheotherperson.However，wemaymissanopportunitytoshowothershowwevalueandrespectthem.Peoplewhoknowyouandthinkwellofyouareoftenhighlymotivatedtohelp.Furthermore，themorespecificyoucanbeaboutwhatyouneedfromthem，theeasieritisforthemtoassistyou.語篇解讀本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過舉例并討論，表達(dá)了恰當(dāng)?shù)貙で髱椭娜耸欠浅?qiáng)大的人這一觀點，并鼓勵人們適時尋求幫助。1．Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A．Weakpeopleoftenneedmorehelp.B．Helpingothersishelpingoneself.C．Well-positionedrequestsforhelparewelcomed.D．Askingforhelpmeansadmittingweaknesses.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，作者會認(rèn)為恰當(dāng)?shù)卣埱髣e人的幫助是會受到人們的歡迎的。故選C。2．WhatcanwelearnaboutKira’srequestforhelp?A．Itturnedoutrewarding.B．Itledtoherpromotion.C．Itwasturneddown.D．Itbenefitedherbossinreturn.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，Kira向老板尋求幫助，得到了老板的熱情相助，她從中獲益匪淺，是非常值得的。故選A。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Kira’spresentationsnowhavepunch！”mean?A．Herpresentationsareforceful.B．Herpresentationsarecontroversial.C．Herpresentationsarepositive.D．Herpresentationsaremotivating.答案A解析句意理解題。根據(jù)畫線句前文可知，Kira從老板的幫助中獲益匪淺，她的演示有所提高，并結(jié)合畫線句“Kira’spresentationsnowhavepunch！”可知，Kira的演示現(xiàn)在非常有吸引力，有說服力。故選A。4．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toillustratehowtoaskforhelp.B．Tocallforattentiontoothers’requests.C．Toshowtheimportanceofmutualhelp.D．Toencouragepeopletoaskforhelp.答案D解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和最后一段最后兩句并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文的主要目的是鼓勵人們能夠適時向他人尋求幫助。故選D。Ⅳ.完形填空Carol-AnneO’Callaghan，a60-year-oldretiredteacher，hasspentmorethanhalfofherlifetimeteaching.Thistime，shewantedtodosomethingmuchmore1.Onedayin2021，O’Callaghanwaswalkingherdogswhenshe2yellowdotsonalltheoaktreesalongLeatherLane.Thedots，shelearned，indicatedthetrees’3drewnear.Themarkedtreeswouldmakewayforanewrailline，whichwasreallyapieceof4newsforher.Plantedinthe19thcentury，theywere5partsofherchildhood.“MyfamilyandIusedtopicnicunderthem，”shesaid，“andtheymeantmuch.”Unfortunately，theyweretobecutdownaspartoftheHS2high-speedrailwayprojects.O’Callaghan6HS2，onlytobetoldthe7couldn’tbechanged.Asateacher，O’Callaghanoftentoldstudents，“Ifsomethingiswrong，youcan’t8andletithappen.”Soshestarteda(n)9tosavethetrees.O’Callaghangaveoutleafletsfromdoortodoorintheneighborhood，10localpeopletofightforthetrees.Thelocals11O’Callaghan.“It’samazingtoseesomeonewhoshowsgreat12forgivingavoicetothosetrees，”saysherneighborVictoria.13，O’Callaghan’seffortspaidoff.HS214analternativeoverheaddesign.AndO’Callaghanwasnominated(提名)forthisweek’s“GuardianAngel”15herattemptstopreservenatureinthecounty.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了60歲的退休教師卡羅爾－安妮·奧卡拉漢成功拯救將要遭到破壞的橡樹林的事跡。1．A.similar B．a(chǎn)cademicC．remarkable D．complex答案C解析根據(jù)上文“Carol-AnneO’Callaghan...hasspentmorethanhalfofherlifetimeteaching.”并結(jié)合后文可知，奧卡拉漢做了半輩子老師，這次她想做一些更了不起的事情，比如保護(hù)橡樹。故選C。2．A.removed B．paintedC．designed D．spotted答案D解析根據(jù)“walkingherdogs”和“yellowdotsonalltheoaktrees”可知，奧卡拉漢遛狗時發(fā)現(xiàn)橡樹上的黃色圓點。故選D。3．A.position B．misfortuneC．development D．species答案B解析根據(jù)“Themarkedtreeswouldmakewayforanewrailline...”可知，這些樹木將為一條新的鐵路線讓路，它們的不幸即將來臨。故選B。4．A.meaningless B．encouragingC．heartbreaking D．false答案C解析根據(jù)“Plantedinthe19thcentury，theywerepartsofherchildhood.”以及“theymeantmuch”可知，因為這些樹對奧卡拉漢意義重大，所以砍這些樹對她來說是令人心碎的。故選C。5．A.inseparable B．unimaginableC．inaccessible D．indescribable答案A解析inseparable不可分離的；unimaginable想象不到的；inaccessible難接近的；indescribable難以形容的。根據(jù)“MyfamilyandIusedtopicnicunderthem”以及“andtheymeantmuch”可知，這些樹是奧卡拉漢童年不可分割的一部分。故選A。6．A.called B．launchedC．dismissed D．replaced答案A解析根據(jù)“...onlytobetoldthecouldn’tbechanged.”可知，奧卡拉漢打電話給HS2，希望對方能改變決定。故選A。7．A.style B．promiseC．research D．decision答案D解析根據(jù)“couldn’tbechanged”可知，對方告訴奧卡拉漢砍樹的決定不能改變。故選D。8．A.setoff B．standbyC．makeout D．knockoff答案B解析setoff出發(fā)；standby袖手旁觀；makeout理解；knockoff停止做某事。根據(jù)“...andletithappen.”可知，奧卡拉漢經(jīng)常告訴學(xué)生遇到問題不能袖手旁觀。故選B。9．A.competition B．conversationC．movement D．interview答案C解析根據(jù)“O’Callaghangaveoutleafletsfromdoortodoorintheneighborhood，__________localpeopletofightforthetrees.”可知，奧卡拉漢開始了一場拯救樹木的運(yùn)動。故選C。10．A.criticizing B．permittingC．challenging D．persuading答案D解析根據(jù)“O’Callaghangaveoutleafletsfromdoortodoorintheneighborhood...”可知，奧卡拉漢通過分發(fā)傳單試圖說服當(dāng)?shù)厝藶楸Ｗo(hù)樹木而戰(zhàn)。故選D。11．A.rejected B．praisedC．claimed D．escaped答案B解析根據(jù)“It’samazingtoseesomeonewhoshowsgreatforgivingavoicetothosetrees...”可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝藢W卡拉漢稱贊不絕。故選B。12．A.enthusiasm B．demandC．sympathy D．respect答案A解析根據(jù)上文“gaveoutleafletsfromdoortodoor”和下文“forgivingavoicetothosetrees”可知，為保護(hù)那些樹，奧卡拉漢表現(xiàn)出極大的熱情，為它們發(fā)聲。故選A。13．A.Previously B．EventuallyC．Especially D．Occasionally答案B解析根據(jù)“O’Callaghan’seffortspaidoff.”可知，奧卡拉漢的努力最終得到了回報。故選B。14．A.suspended B．opposedC．cancelled D．considered答案D解析根據(jù)“analternativeoverheaddesign”可知，HS2考慮了避開砍樹的另一種架空設(shè)計。故選D。15．A.inadditionto B．regardlessofC．inrecognitionof D．insteadof答案C解析根據(jù)“AndO’Callaghanwasnominated(提名)forthisweek’s‘GuardianAngel’...”可知，奧卡拉漢被提名“守護(hù)天使”是對她保護(hù)該縣自然所做的努力的承認(rèn)。故選C。Ⅴ.語法填空Sincethepre-Qinperiod，Chengdu1.(be)animportantculturaltowninChina.But2.reallysetsthecityapart，culturally，isitsopera.3.importantaspectofSichuanOperaisthemagicof“facechanging”wherevividlycolouredmasksarechangedwithintheb