遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟（東北三省三校）2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月聯(lián)合考試英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟（東北三省三校）2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月聯(lián)合考試英語試卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Packbags.B.Gasuptheircar.C.Getintoataxi.2.WhatdocsAlicethinkofherfirstweekinthenewjob?A.Itwasdifficult.B.Itwasfun.C.Itwaseasy.3.WhatisBengoingtodolater?A.Gohomefromwork.B.HavedinnerwithSarah.C.Visithisdoctor.4.Whoistheman?A.Aflowerseller.B.Agardener.C.Aprivatechef.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirfavoritefruit.B.Itemsonamenu.C.Drinkorders.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthewomanmostlyspendhertimenow?A.Studying.B.Lookingforajob.C.Makingmoney.7.Whendidthemanfinishhiscareer?A.20daysago.B.Halfayearago.C.30yearsago.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inasupermarket.B.Atauniversity.C.Inahouse.9.Whichcareerdoesthemanprobablyprefernow?A.Writing.B.Accounting.C.Engineering.10.Whatdoesthewomanworryabout?A.Whetherthemanwillchangemajors.B.Whetherthemanwillgetgoodschoolgrades.C.Whetherthemanwillfindasuitablejob.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Co-workers.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.12.Whatisprobablytheman’sspecialty?A.Makingvideos.B.Drawing.C.Takingpictures.13.Whatisthemostimportantthinginjournalismaccordingtothewoman?A.Sharingevents.B.Presentinghonestopinions.C.Bringingtheglobalcommunitytogether.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whyisthemangivingthewomantheinformation?A.Theyhadaconversationonthistopicbefore.B.Sheisreadingbooksonthissubject.C.Heisgivinghertasks.15.Whatisprobablythefunctionofendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)?A.Toproducepleasantfeelings.B.Toclearharmfulchemicals.C.Toremindpeopleofinjuries.16.Whichpartofpersonaldevelopmenthasthewomanfocusedon?A.Sleep.B.Diet.C.Physicalexercise.17.Whathasthewomanalwayswantedtodo?A.Getapet.B.Cookforfriendsregularly.C.Doweeklyvideocallswithfamily.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題.18.Whyarethesecreaturesaproblem?A.They’reviolent.B.Theyeatmanycrops.C.Theydamagethings.19.Whendoesthistheorystartbeingtested?A.Thisspring.B.Thissummer.C.Thisautumn.20.Whowillthespeakerprobablytalktonext?A.Anotherjournalist.B.Somescientists.C.Afarmer.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APart-TimeStoreAssociatesLocation155HillwoodAveFallsChurch,VA22046Duties·Processcustomerpurchases,performgeneralcleaningdutiesandkeepshelvesandgoodscleanandneat·Greetandreceivecustomersinawelcomingmanner·Respond1ocustomers’questionsandassistcustomerswiththeirshoppingprocess·Cooperatewithteammembersandcommunicateinformationclearlytothestoremanagementteam·Checkerrorsandothergeneralissues·FollowthecashpoliciesandprocedurestominimizelossesPhysicalDemands·Abilitytodealwithgoodsfromstorereceivingtoshelving·Abilitytoplaceproducts,weighingupto45pounds(about20kilograms),onshelvesatvariousheights·Regularlyrequiredtosit,stand,bend,reach,push,pull,lift,carrygoodsandwalkaboutthestoreQualifications·Providepoliteandimmediatecustomerservice·Operateacashregisterefficientlyandaccurately·Abilitytosafelyandproperlyoperateequipment,includingelectric/manualhandjacks(千斤頂),andcardboardbalers(打包機(jī))·Performgeneralcleaningdutiestocompanystandards·Interpretandapplycompanypoliciesandprocedures·Excellentcommunicationskills·Workbothindependentlyandwithinateamenvironment·Abilitytostayorganized,giveattentiontodetailandfollowinstructionsinaprofessionalandefficientmanner·MeetanystateandlocalrequirementsforhandlingandsellingalcoholicdrinksEducation·HighSchoolDiplomaorGED·PriorworkexperienceinastorepreferredSalary·$15-$18perhour(fewerthan30hoursperweekbutnotlessthan10hoursperweek)·Extrapaytypes:Bonuspay(dependingonyoursalesbutnotlessthan$30perweek)1.Whichbelongstoaresponsibilityofapart-timestoreassociate?A.Respondingtoonlinecustomerorders.B.Deliveringgroceriestocustomers’homes.C.Helpingcustomerswiththeirshopping.D.Adjustingthecashpoliciesandprocedures.2.Whatisessentialforworkingasastoreassociate?A.Beingabletodrinkalot.B.Havingone-yearrelatedexperience.C.BeingabletospeakEnglishfluently.D.Beingphysicallystrongandflexible.3.Howmuchcouldapart-timestoreassociatemakeatleastforaweek?A.$180. B.$210. C.$480. D.$570.〖答案〗1.C2.D3.A〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。屬于“人與社會(huì)”主題語境。文章介紹了一份兼職工作的崗位職責(zé)，就職條件等信息?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Duties部分的信息“assistcustomerswiththeirshoppingprocess(協(xié)助客戶進(jìn)行購物)”可知，兼職商店店員的其中一個(gè)職責(zé)是：協(xié)助顧客購物。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PhysicalDemands部分“Abilitytodealwithgoodsfromstorereceivingtoshelving(處理從倉庫接收貨物到上架的能力)Abilitytoplaceproducts,weighingupto45pounds(about20kilograms),onshelvesatvariousheights(能夠?qū)⒅剡_(dá)45磅（約20公斤）的產(chǎn)品放置在不同高度的貨架上。)”可知，店員需要收貨、上架、放置重達(dá)20公斤的重物等，所以應(yīng)聘店員的人要力氣大。根據(jù)Qualifications部分“Abilitytosafelyandproperlyoperateequipment,includingelectric/manualhandjacks(千斤頂),andcardboardbalers(打包機(jī))(能夠安全和正確地操作設(shè)備，包括電動(dòng)/手動(dòng)千斤頂和紙板打包機(jī))”要求店員操作千斤頂、打包機(jī)可知應(yīng)聘店員的人要身體靈活。綜上，應(yīng)聘者要力氣大且身體靈活。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Salary部分“$15-$18perhour(fewerthan30hoursperweekbutnotlessthan10hoursperweek)(每小時(shí)15-18美元（每周工作少于30小時(shí)，但不少于10小時(shí)）)”和“Extrapaytypes:Bonuspay(dependingonyoursalesbutnotlessthan$30perweek)(額外工資類型：獎(jiǎng)金（根據(jù)您的銷售情況，但每周不少于$30）)”可知，一周最少工作10小時(shí)，每小時(shí)的最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是15美元，每周的獎(jiǎng)金不少于30美金。故一個(gè)兼職店員每周最少可賺得180美元。故選A項(xiàng)。BIusedtohateoldbooks.WhenIsay“oldbooks”,Idon’tmeanclassics,though.Imeanbookswithyellowpages,brokenspines(書脊)andoddwood-likesmellsthatyouneedtobecarefulnottobreakbecausetheyarealreadysoworndownandbringyouseverediscomfort.OnecanassumethatIdidn’townmanyoldbooks.Ihadmerelyafewhereandtherethatmyparentshadgiftedme,butnothingtoospecial.Inthefourthgrade,Iwasreadytoexploreanewworldofreading,onethatwentbeyondthelikesofchildren’schapterbooksandteenagers’topics.Justthen,Ifoundmyparents’oldcopiesoftheentireHarryPotterbookseries.Visually,myparents’booksweremyworstnightmare.IrememberthinkingtomyselfthattherewasnowayIwouldbeabletoreadthesebooks.However,IeventuallyhadtocometotermswiththefactthatifIwantedtoreadtheseries,Iwouldhavetoreadmyparents’copies.Andsobegantheterriblejourneyofreadingsevenoldbooks.Whenitwastimeformetoreadthefinalcopy,Iwaskindofachangedwoman.Istillstronglydislikedoldbooks,buttheplotoftheentireHarryPotterserieshadattractedmesomuchIhadalmostentirelyforgottenwhatthebookslookedlike.Bytheend,IhaddevotedtheentireHarryPotterbookshelfinmyroom.Now,Iloveoldbooks.Whilethecoversaresometimessoworndownthatyoucanbarelyreadthetitleofthebook,youcanunderstandwhatit’saboutanyway.Afterall,anoldbookisarepresentationofgenerationsofreaderswhohavechosentoliveinaspecificfictionalworldbecausethestoryitcontainsisjustthatgood.OldbookshavemeaningandIlovehowmuchtheymeantomenow.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shefeltuneasyaboutowningoldbooks. B.Shewasonbadtermswithherparents.C.Shegrewfondnessforreadingclassics. D.Shewasoftengiftedoldbooksbyherparents.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenseeingherparents’HarryPotterseriesinthefourthgrade?A.Confused B.Scared C.Discouraged. D.Astonished.6.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Iwaskindofachangedwoman”inparagraph3?A.Shestartedtoenjoyreadingfictionalbooks. B.Shebegantoignoretheappearanceofthebooks.C.Sheacceptedputtingoldbooksonhershelf. D.Shefiguredoutwhatshetrulywantedtoread.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.MyPassionforReading B.MyConnectionWithParentsviaOldBooksC.MyEncounterWiththeHarryPotterSeries D.MyJourneyWithOldBooks〖答案〗4.A5.C6.B7.D〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者對(duì)舊書的感情從討厭到喜歡的轉(zhuǎn)變。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Iusedtohateoldbooks.WhenIsay“oldbooks”,Idon’tmeanclassics,though.Imeanbookswithyellowpages,brokenspinesandoddwood-likesmellsthatyouneedtobecarefulnottobreakbecausetheyarealreadysoworndownandbringyouseverediscomfort.(我過去討厭舊書。不過，我說的“舊書”并不是指經(jīng)典作品。我指的是那些有黃頁、斷了書脊、散發(fā)著木頭味的書，你必須小心不要把它們弄破，因?yàn)樗鼈円呀?jīng)磨損得很厲害了，會(huì)給你帶來嚴(yán)重的不適)”可知，對(duì)作者來說，擁有舊書是一件令人不舒服，不自在的事。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthefourthgrade,Iwasreadytoexploreanewworldofreading,onethatwentbeyondthelikesofchildren’schapterbooksandteenagers’topics.(在四年級(jí)的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好去探索一個(gè)新的閱讀世界，一個(gè)超越兒童章節(jié)書和青少年主題的世界)”以及“Visually,myparents’booksweremyworstnightmare.IrememberthinkingtomyselfthattherewasnowayIwouldbeabletoreadthesebooks.(從視覺上看，父母的書是我最可怕的噩夢(mèng)。我記得我當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)自己說，我是不可能讀懂這些書的)”可推知，作者在看到這套書的破舊樣子后感到很沮喪。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Istillstronglydislikedoldbooks,buttheplotoftheentireHarryPotterserieshadattractedmesomuchIhadalmostentirelyforgottenwhatthebookslookedlike.Bytheend,IhaddevotedtheentireHarryPotterbookshelfinmyroom.(我仍然非常不喜歡舊書，但是整個(gè)哈利波特系列的情節(jié)吸引了我，我?guī)缀跬耆浟诉@些書的樣子。最后，我把房間里的整個(gè)哈利·波特書架都放滿了)”可知，作者之所以說自己有點(diǎn)變了是因?yàn)樗_始更多地關(guān)注書的內(nèi)容而忽略書的品相了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Iusedtohateoldbooks.(我過去討厭舊書)”以及最后一段“Now,Iloveoldbooks.(現(xiàn)在，我喜歡舊書)”可知，本文主要講述作者對(duì)舊書的感情變化。她一開始討厭舊書，但是在看了父母給她的《哈利·波特》系列的舊書后，就開始更多地關(guān)注書的內(nèi)容而不是書的品相，這次經(jīng)歷改變了她對(duì)舊書的感情。D項(xiàng)“我的舊書之旅”作標(biāo)題最能概括全文主旨。故選D項(xiàng)。CHumansmakedecisionsusingstatisticalinformationeveryday.Forexample,weweighthelikelihoodofvariousfactorswhendecidingwhattobetincardgames.However,humansaren’taloneinusingstatisticalinferencesindecision-making.Untilnow,humancousinslikemonkeysandalsosomebirdshavebeenidentifiedastheonlyanimalstoshowevidenceofreasoningbasedonprobabilityandstatistics,whichrequiresadvancedmentalpower.Theseanimalshavelargebrainsrelativetotheirbodysize,whichisoftenassociatedwithhighintelligence.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBarcelonaoppugnedsuchstatementsandsuspectedthatananimalwithasmallbrainrelativetoitsbodysizecouldperformstatisticalreasoningaswell.Giraffeswereanidealchoice.Butresearchershadaconcern:Whenwechooseacheckoutlineatagrocerystore,wetypicallyjustcountthenumberofpeopleineachline,notweighingtheprobability.Statisticalreasoningisquitedistinctfrombasiccounting.Giraffeshavealreadyexhibitedanabilitytoperformquantitydiscrimination,beingabletotellalargernumberofitemsfromasmallernumber,whichposesachallengefortheresearcherstoconfirmtheirsuspicion.Sotheresearchteamsettledonaspecialapproachwheretheystartedwithamixtureofcarrotstheanimaldesiresalongwithzucchinis(密生西葫蘆)theydislikeandvariedthenumberandproportion(比例)ofbothitems.Theresearchersplaceddifferentproportionsofcarrotsandzucchinisintotwoplasticcontainerstotestwhetherthegiraffescouldpredictahigherlikelihoodofreceivingacarrot.Eachtestconsistedof20trialsinwhicharesearcherselectedapieceoffoodfromeachcontainerwithoutshowingittothegiraffes.Thegiraffesthentouchedthehandtheywantedtoeatfrom,usingonlytheinformationtheyhadfromthecontainers.Inthefirsttest,whereonecontainerhad20carrotsand80zucchinisandanotherhadgocarrotsand20zucchinis,eachgiraffechosethehandthathadahigherprobabilityofholdingacarrotatleast17times.Inthefollowingtwotests,theproportionofcarrotsandzucchiniswaschanged.Yetagainthegiraffeschosecorrectly.Thecombinedresultsindicatedthattheresearchers’ideaheldwater.8.Whatcanbeinferredinparagraph2?A.Statisticalreasoningisuniquetohumans.B.Animalswithlargerbodieshavelargerbrains.C.Largeanimalsaresmartenoughtoperformreasoning.D.Brainsizeispositivelyrelatedtointelligence.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“oppugned”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Declared. B.Questioned. C.Explained. D.Applauded.10.Whydidtheresearchteamintroduceaspecialapproachtothestudy?A.Totestthegiraffes’abilitytoperformbasiccounting.B.Todeterminewhethergiraffesprefercarrotsorzucchinis.C.Toruleouttheeffectofgiraffes’quantitydiscrimination.D.Toobservethegiraffes’behaviorindifferentsituations.11.Whatdothetestresultsshow?A.Giraffesarecapableofstatisticalreasoning.B.Giraffes’senseofproportionisrelativelylimited.C.Giraffesrelyonvisualinformationtomakefoodchoices.D.Giraffes’foodpreferencescanbechangedthroughtraining.〖答案〗8.D9.B10.C11.A〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。通過以長(zhǎng)頸鹿為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的三次對(duì)比，文章說明了相對(duì)于體形而言，大腦相對(duì)較小的動(dòng)物也能具備統(tǒng)計(jì)推理的能力?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Untilnow,humancousinslikemonkeysandalsosomebirdshavebeenidentifiedastheonlyanimalstoshowevidenceofreasoningbasedonprobabilityandstatistics,whichrequiresadvancedmentalpower.Theseanimalshavelargebrainsrelativetotheirbodysize,whichisoftenassociatedwithhighintelligence.(到目前為止，像猴子和一些鳥類這樣的人類表親被確定為唯一能夠根據(jù)概率和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行推理的動(dòng)物，這需要高級(jí)的智力。這些動(dòng)物的大腦相對(duì)于它們的體型來說很大，這通常與高智商有關(guān)。)

”可知，第二段說明統(tǒng)計(jì)推理需要高級(jí)的心智，迄今為止，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為動(dòng)物界只有人類近親和一些鳥類具備這一能力，因?yàn)樗鼈冇兄鄬?duì)較大的大腦，而腦容量和智力呈正相關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBarcelona

oppugned

suchstatementsandsuspectedthatananimalwithasmallbrainrelativetoitsbodysizecouldperformstatisticalreasoningaswell.(巴塞羅那大學(xué)的研究人員對(duì)這種說法表示 oppugned，并懷疑相對(duì)于體型來說大腦較小的動(dòng)物也能進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)推理。)

”可知，研究人員對(duì)已有的論斷持質(zhì)疑的態(tài)度，故劃線詞的詞義為“質(zhì)疑”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Statisticalreasoningisquitedistinctfrombasiccounting.Giraffeshavealreadyexhibitedanabilitytoperformquantitydiscrimination,beingabletotellalargernumberofitemsfromasmallernumber,whichposesachallengefortheresearcherstoconfirmtheirsuspicion.(統(tǒng)計(jì)推理與基本計(jì)數(shù)截然不同。長(zhǎng)頸鹿已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出進(jìn)行數(shù)量辨別的能力，能夠區(qū)分更多數(shù)量的物品和更少數(shù)量的物品，這給研究人員證實(shí)他們的懷疑帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。)

”可知，研究人員指出統(tǒng)計(jì)推理與基本的計(jì)數(shù)是截然不同的，所以為了排除長(zhǎng)頸鹿基于數(shù)量區(qū)分做出選擇這一可能性，他們引入了一個(gè)特別的方法。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中的“Yetagainthegiraffeschosecorrectly.(長(zhǎng)頸鹿再次做出了正確的選擇。)

”以及最后一段“Thecombinedresultsindicatedthattheresearchers’ideaheldwater.(綜合結(jié)果表明，研究人員的想法是成立的。)

”可知，長(zhǎng)頸鹿具有統(tǒng)計(jì)推理的能力。故選A項(xiàng)。DManyphilosophersandpsychologistshavearguedthatempathy(共情)isanaturalcharacteristic,hard-wiredintoourgenesandbrains.Thereasoninggoesthateachofushasa“l(fā)evel”ofempathyand—likeouradultheight—we’restuckthereforlife.Thisisallwellandgoodifyou’realreadyempathetic,butalsomeansthatifyoustrugglewithempathy,you’llneverimprovenomatterhowhardyoutry.Thankfully,thisviewisincomplete.Throughtherightpractices,suchasdiversefriendshipsandevenfictionreading,wecangrowourempathyonpurpose.Empathyissomethinglikeamuscle:leftunused,itweakens;puttowork,itgrows.Noemotionisalwaysuseful,andthatgoesforempathyaswell.Thisisespeciallytruefornurses,doctorsandothercaregivers.Theseindividualsaredriventotheirworkbyadeepdesiretohelpothers.Patientsofempatheticdoctorsaremoresatisfiedwiththeircare.However,whenhealthcareprofessionalscaretoomuch,theyareathighriskofburnout,tirednessanddepressionfromover-empathizingwithothers’suffering.Somepsychologists,includingmyself,arenowexploringhowpeopleintheseprofessionsmightempathizeinmoresustainableways.Forexample,empatheticconcern-—feelingforsomeone—isdistantfromemotionalempathy—feelingassomeoneelsedoes.Iftheycandevelopconcerninstead,forexample,theycancarewithoutfallingapart.InanothersetofstudiesconductedwithCarolDweek,aStanfordprofessorofpsychology,wefoundthatmerelybelievingempathyisaskillthatcanbedevelopedinspiredpeopletotryharderatit.Forinstance,peoplewhowereencouragedtohavea“growthmindset”aroundempathy,ascomparedtoafixedmindset,spentmoretimelisteningtothesufferingofsomeoneofanotherraceandmoreenergytowardstryingtounderstandtheopinionsofsomeonefromadifferentpartofthepoliticaldivide.12.Whatviewdomanyphilosophersandpsychologistshaveaboutempathy?A.Itgrowswhenpracticedoften.B.Itisaresultofindividualexperiences.C.Itisinbornanddifficulttodevelop.D.Itvariesdependingonone’supbringing.13.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoctorsdo?A.Developtheiremotionalempathy.B.Trytoerasetheirpatients’concern.C.Carefortheirpatientsasmuchaspossible.D.Workonimprovingtheirempatheticconcern.14.BasedonCarolDweek’sstudiesinwhichsituationarepeoplewillinglyempathetic?A.Iftheybelievethatempathyisflexible.B.Iftheyaregivenenoughattention.C.Iftheylistentotheidenticalpoliticalviews.D.Iftheysufferracialdiscrimination.15.Inwhichunitofatextbookdoesthetextmostlikelyappear?A.Understandingyourselfmore. B.Feelingforothers.C.Exploringgenesandemotions. D.Repairingbrokenrelationships.〖答案〗12.C13.D14.A15.B〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，主要講的是與他人共情是一種十分重要的促進(jìn)人際關(guān)系的能力。然而，長(zhǎng)久以來，共情能力被認(rèn)為是天生的，由基因決定，一成不變。作為一名心理學(xué)家，作者認(rèn)為，共情能力可以在后天通過多種方式進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Manyphilosophersandpsychologistshavearguedthatempathy(共情)isanaturalcharacteristic,hard-wiredintoourgenesandbrains.(許多哲學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，同理心是一種自然特征，根植于我們的基因和大腦中。)”和“Thisisallwellandgoodifyou’realreadyempathetic,butalsomeansthatifyoustrugglewithempathy,you’llneverimprovenomatterhowhardyoutry.(如果你已經(jīng)有同理心，這一切都很好，但也意味著如果你在同理心方面掙扎，無論你多么努力，你都永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)提高。)”可知，許多哲學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家對(duì)移情的看法是這是天生的，很難培養(yǎng)。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,whenhealthcareprofessionalscaretoomuch,theyareathighriskofburnout,tirednessanddepressionfromover-empathizingwithothers’suffering.(然而，當(dāng)醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人員過于關(guān)心時(shí)，他們很有可能因過度同情他人的痛苦而感到倦怠、疲倦和抑郁。)”可知，護(hù)士、醫(yī)生和其他醫(yī)護(hù)人員極有可能因?yàn)檫^度共情他人的痛苦而面臨倦怠、疲勞和抑郁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。再根據(jù)第四段中的“Forexample,empatheticconcern-feelingforsomeone—isdistantfromemotionalempathy—feelingassomeoneelsedoes.Iftheycandevelopconcerninstead,forexample,theycancarewithoutfallingapart.(例如，移情關(guān)懷——對(duì)某人的感覺——與情感移情——像別人一樣的感覺是有距離的。例如，如果他們能培養(yǎng)出關(guān)心，他們就能在不崩潰的情況下關(guān)心他人。)”可知，作者建議醫(yī)護(hù)人員努力提高他們的同理心。故選D?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“InanothersetofstudiesconductedwithCarolDweek,aStanfordprofessorofpsychology,wefoundthatmerelybelievingempathyisaskillthatcanbedevelopedinspiredpeopletotryharderatit.(在與斯坦福大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授CarolDweek進(jìn)行的另一組研究中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，僅僅相信同理心是一種可以培養(yǎng)的技能，就能激勵(lì)人們更加努力地去做這件事。)”可知，如果他們相信同理心是靈活的，人們就會(huì)心甘情愿地移情。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“Throughtherightpractices,suchasdiversefriendshipsandevenfictionreading,wecangrowourempathyonpurpose.Empathyissomethinglikeamuscle:leftunused,itweakens;puttowork,itgrows.(通過正確的做法，比如不同的友誼，甚至小說閱讀，我們可以有意地培養(yǎng)我們的同理心。同理心就像一塊肌肉：如果不使用，它會(huì)變?nèi)?；投入工作，它就?huì)成長(zhǎng)。)”可知，文章就同理心展開討論，同理心是一種對(duì)他人的情感產(chǎn)生共鳴或表現(xiàn)出共情和同理心的能力，因此本文最可能出現(xiàn)在教科書的對(duì)他人的感覺這個(gè)單元，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ACenturyofChangeThelast100yearshaveseenmajortransformationsinnewsreporting.Printnewspapersdominatedtheearly1900s,butinNovember1922,thedawn(曙光)ofradionewsarrivedwhentheBBClauncheditsfirstdailyradioservice.Itmarketeditselfasnewsbyandforsocialelites(精英).____16____Inthe1950s,newsshiftedtotelevisionbroadcasting.Adramaticchangecamein1980withthecreationofAmerica’sCableNewsNetwork(CNN)—theworld’sfirst24-hourtelevisionnewsnetwork.____17____TheInternethasbecomeakeysiteforsharinginformation,andnewsismoreaccessiblethanithaseverbeenbefore.Crisescanbereportedfromonthegroundbypeoplewhocloselyunderstandthem.Storiescanbesharedwiththeclickofabutton.____18____InthetimeittakesforastorytomovefromanewssitetoFacebooktoyourWhatsAppgroupchat,contextislostandfactsgounchecked.In2016,wewitnessedanimportantmomentforthenewslandscape.FollowingaUSelectiondoggedbydishonestyandmisinformationspreadlargelyonsocialmedia,OxfordDictionariesannounced“post-truth”asitsinternationalwordoftheyear.____19____Withsomuchinformationatourfingertips,theconsiderablevolumeofnewscanbeirresistible.Besides,thereisincreasinguncertaintyaboutwhatistrueandwhatisnot.Soitisnowonderthatrecentyearshaveseenthebirthofthe“slowjournalism”movement,whichwasfirstcoinedin2007bySusanGreenberg.____20____A.However,thatcanbedangerous.B.Frequencyoftheword’susageroseby2,000percentthatyear.C.Besides,itrequiredbroadcasterstouse“receivedpronunciation”.D.ThecreationoftheWorldWideWebinthe1990schangedthingsagain.E.So,themarkofagoodstorywashowsoonitwastoldafterithappened.F.Itinvitesustoslowdownandpayattentiontowhat’shappeningaroundus.G.Peoplestillmainlyrelyonnewspapersforlocalinformation.〖答案〗16.C17.D18.A19.B20.F〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，主要講的是新聞報(bào)道的方式從過去到現(xiàn)在的一百多年中發(fā)生的巨大的變化?！?6題詳析】空前“Printnewspapersdominatedtheearly1900s,butinNovember1922,thedawn(曙光)ofradionewsarrivedwhentheBBClauncheditsfirstdailyradioservice.Itmarketeditselfasnewsbyandforsocialelites(精英).(印刷報(bào)紙?jiān)?0世紀(jì)初占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，但在1922年11月，BBC推出了第一個(gè)每日廣播服務(wù)，廣播新聞的曙光到來了。它將自己定位為社會(huì)精英的新聞。)”說明廣播新聞的曙光到來了，空格處應(yīng)該指出廣播新聞的特點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“Besides,itrequiredbroadcasterstouse“receivedpronunciation”.(此外，它還要求廣播公司使用“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音”。)”說明了廣播新聞要求“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音”，是廣播新聞的特點(diǎn)，因此承接上文，符合語境。故選C。【17題詳析】上一段最后一句“Adramaticchangecamein1980withthecreationofAmerica’sCableNewsNetwork(CNN)—theworld’sfirst24-hourtelevisionnewsnetwork.(1980年，世界上第一個(gè)24小時(shí)電視新聞網(wǎng)絡(luò)——美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)(CNN)的創(chuàng)立帶來了戲劇性的變化。)”提到，隨著CNN的出現(xiàn)，新聞業(yè)在1980年發(fā)生了巨大的變化；由空后“TheInternethasbecomeakeysiteforsharinginformation,andnewsismoreaccessiblethanithaseverbeenbefore.(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為分享信息的重要網(wǎng)站，新聞比以往任何時(shí)候都更容易獲得。)”可知，本段主要講述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)給新聞報(bào)道帶來的影響。D項(xiàng)“ThecreationoftheWorldWideWebinthe1990schangedthingsagain.(20世紀(jì)90年代萬維網(wǎng)的誕生再次改變了一切。)”中的changedthingsagain承接上一段最后一句中的Adratmaticchange，其中的theWorldWideweb與該空后的TheInternet呼應(yīng)，且引出了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來改變，因此承上啟下，符合語境。故選D?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)該空前的“Storiescanbesharedwiththeclickofabutton.(點(diǎn)擊一個(gè)按鈕就可以分享故事。)”和該空后的“InthetimeittakesforastorytomovefromanewssitetoFacebooktoyourWhatsAppgroupchat,contextislostandfactsgounchecked.(在新聞從新聞網(wǎng)站傳到Facebook再傳到WhatsApp群聊的過程中，背景丟失了，事實(shí)也沒有得到核實(shí)。)”可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提高新聞時(shí)效性的同時(shí)，也有可能使內(nèi)容失真，這種情況就會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)，A選項(xiàng)“However,thatcanbedangerous.(然而，這可能是危險(xiǎn)的。)”承上啟下，說明了事實(shí)得不到核實(shí)是危險(xiǎn)的，因此A選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境。故選A?！?9題詳析】由空前“FollowingaUSelectiondoggedbydishonestyandmisinformationspreadlargelyonsocialmedia,OxfordDictionariesannounced“post-truth”asitsinternationalwordoftheyear.(美國大選充斥著主要在社交媒體上傳播的不誠實(shí)和錯(cuò)誤信息，牛津詞典宣布“后真相”為其年度國際詞匯。)”可知，本段主要講述了牛津詞典在2016年發(fā)布的年度國際詞匯post-truth，B項(xiàng)“Frequencyoftheword’susageroseby2,000percentthatyear.(那一年，這個(gè)詞的使用頻率上升了2000%。)”中的theword與設(shè)空處前面的post-truth相呼應(yīng)，說明了這個(gè)詞使用的頻率上升很多，因此B選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語境，故選B。【20題詳析】由空前“Soitisnowonderthatrecentyearshaveseenthebirthofthe“slowjournalism”movement,whichwasfirstcoinedin2007bySusanGreenberg.(因此，難怪近年來出現(xiàn)了由SusanGreenberg于2007年首次提出的“慢新聞”運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”可知，本段主要講述了“慢新聞”運(yùn)動(dòng)這一理念的誕生，空格處應(yīng)該說這種運(yùn)動(dòng)的特征，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Itinvitesustoslowdownandpayattentiontowhat’shappeningaroundus.(它邀請(qǐng)我們放慢腳步，關(guān)注我們周圍發(fā)生的事情。)”中的slowdown與該空前的slow為詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，it指代前句中的“slowjournalism”movement，說明了“慢新聞”運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)，因此承接上文，符合語境。故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Aninteractivenovelisatextwithwhichthereadercaninteract.Themost____21____typeofinteractivefictioninvolves___22___thedirectionofastoryfromasetnumberofoptions.Interactionsinthiscaseinvolvedecidingwhichofthepresented___23___thereaderwouldliketofollow.Insomeofthesenovels,thereisanendthatis___24___,incontrasttoendswheretheadorablecharacterdies.Althoughmostpeoplearefamiliarwiththebasictypeofinteractivenovel,interactionsbeyondthisbasicstructurearealsopossible,____25____,novelscanbeguidedbyreadersbecausethenovelsare____26____withtheauthoractively____27____thestorybasedoninteractions.____28____,anovelcanbeplayedlikeagame,withthereaderinputtingcommandsor____29____tothestory.Thistypeofnovelisparticularlypopularforonlineand____30____literaturebecausethetechnicalcapacitiesoftheseformatsare____31____tointeractions.Aninteractivenovelcanalsobe____32____,inwhichnoparticularpathwinsorloses.Inmanycases,thistypeofnovelisexplainedasatypeofenvironmentinwhichthereadercan___33___.Collaborative(合作的)interactivenovelsareslightlymorecomplicated.Novelsthatincludereaderinputandmultimediaoptionsareoftenincludedinthis____34____.Withfuturetechnology,theremaysomedaybe____35____eveninthewaythattheinformationispresentedtoreaders,andpeoplemayreadonspecialdevicesdesignedspecificallyforthistypeofliterature.21.A.common B.efficient C.beneficial D.suitable22.A.saving B.removing C.choosing D.separating23.A.words B.options C.plans D.fashions24.A.possible B.sudden C.practical D.desirable25.A.Forexample B.Afterall C.Bytheway D.Onthecontrary26.A.confusing B.ongoing C.entertaining D.convincing27.A.spreading B.understanding C.predicting D.changing28.A.Alternatively B.Secretly C.Strangely D.Luckily29.A.turning B.referring C.adding D.agreeing30.A.classical B.electronic C.modern D.printed31.A.favorable B.fundamental C.harmful D.opposite32.A.soul-destroying B.pain-relieving C.ready-made D.open-ended33.A.remember B.copy C.explore D.improve34.A.process B.sample C.package D.category35.A.instructions B.innovations C.services D.challenges〖答案〗21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.D28.A29.C30.B31.A32.D33.C34.D35.B〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了什么是互動(dòng)小說，以及其書寫方式的特點(diǎn)?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最常見的互動(dòng)小說類型包括從一系列選項(xiàng)中選擇故事的方向。A.common共同的，常見的；B.efficient生效的；C.beneficial有益的；D.suitable合適的。上文“Aninteractivenovelisatextwithwhichthereadercaninteract.(互動(dòng)小說是讀者可以與之互動(dòng)的文本)”引出互動(dòng)小說話題，后文“typeofinteractivefiction”說明的是常見的類型。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最常見的互動(dòng)小說類型包括從一系列選項(xiàng)中選擇故事的方向。A.saving挽救；B.removing去除；C.choosing選擇；D.separating分開。根據(jù)后文“thedirectionofastoryfromasetnumberofoptions”可知，互動(dòng)小說要從一系列選項(xiàng)中選擇故事的方向，為choosefrom。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這種情況下，交互包括決定讀者想要遵循的呈現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)。A.