英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)第三次形成性測(cè)試題目新視野云大

1.SanLuDairyowesitsconsumersanformakingcontaminatedmilkpowder.(apologize)

2.1wouldn'tlendhimanymoney,he'sarealguy.(slip)

3.1haven'tstartedwritingthearticleyet.Tmstillwaitingfor.(inspire)

4.ThereweresharpcontrastsbetweenDianaandPrinceCharleswhowas17yearsolderthan

Diana.(prince)

5.Tmafraidwehisabilities--heisnotcompetentforthejobatall.(estimate)

6.Peopleworkingfortheprivateminescomplaintthattheyareusually.(pay)

7.Everyonefeltonhearingthenewsthatmanybabieshadgotkidneystonesafterhavingthe

contaminatedmilkpowder,(depress)

8.WhenIgothome,Ifoundeverythingwasinbutnothingseemedtobestolen.(order)

9.Luckily,myparentsareofmychoiceofmusic,(tolerate)

10.Thelittlegirllivedapoorandlifeafterherparentsdiedintheaccident,(solitude)

11.Renownedworldwideforherpainting,shestillrefusedtoputherselfinthe(ground).

12.HewenttoCambridgeasatostudysociologyforhisdoctor'sdegree.(graduate)

13.Hehadthetosellhisstockjustbeforestockpricescamedown,(sight)

14.IntheUS,manystoreshavespecialsaleonthedayafterChristmas,whenshoppershitthestoresin

searchofbargains.(Christmas)

15.ThiswebsiteprovidesthebestEnglishtoEnglish(dictionary)

16.Thekindofinformationa/aniswillingtogivewhenbuyingsomethingonlineisveryvaluable,

(shop)

17.Withthehelpofforeigntechnologyandourowninitiatives,hopefully,thenetbottleneckproblems

restrictingfurthergrowthofinChinawillbesolvedinthenearfuture,(commerce)

18.Hetheneedforcarsthatwouldbelesspolluting.(see)

19.Nobodycouldhavethatitwouldleadtotheinventionofthetransistor,(tell)

20.Thisarticlediscussesthecontributionofsociologiststoreconstruction.(war)

答案：

apology

slippery

inspiration

Princess

overestimated

underpaid

depressed

disorder

tolerant

solitary

foreground

postgraduate

foresight

post-Christmas

e-dictionary

e-shopper

e-commerce

foresaw

foretold

postwar

七單元形成性練習(xí)：

Key:1-5:TFFTN6-10:TFFTF

IwasmuchmorenaiveandtrustingtenyearsagothanIamtoday.Ibelievedthatallpolicemenwere

good,alldoctorswerecaring,andallpeoplesharedmyconcernfortheirfellowman.Irealizedwith

anguishthefollyofmakingsuchgeneralizationswhenmysister,Laura,committedsuicide.Iwasnotonly

angeredaboutmyownnaivetybutalsooutragedbytheuncaringattitudeofthepeopleIencountered

followingthetragedy.

MyownlackofunderstandingleftmeunpreparedforLaura'sdeath.IoftenvisitedheratVeterans

AdministrationHospitalwhereshewasapatientofahalfwayhouseformentallyillveterans.WheneverI

waswithher,sheappearedtoberelativelyhappy.Irealized,afterherdeath,thetremendouseffortshe

hadmadetoappearthatwayformybenefit.Iknewshehadbeendiagnosedasachronicdepressive;I

didn'tunderstandtheextentofherdepression.AlthoughLaurahadmadepreviousattemptstoendher

life.Iwasstillshockedbyherultimatesuccess.Ishouldhaverealizedhowdesperateshewasbecause,

inherusualprotectiveway,shetriedtoprepareme.Ireceivedalettershortlybeforeshediedinwhich

Laurahadwritten,“Thepanicanddesperationareoverwhelming.”Ididnotheedhercry.

WhenwefirstlearnedofLaura*sintentions,myfamilyreceivednoassistanceintryingtodetermine

whethershewasdeadoralive.MysisterCarolreceivedaletterfromLaurawhichbegan,Tleaseforgive

me.Ijustcan'tstandtoliveanymore.”WeimmediatelycalledthehospitalandlearnedthatLaurahad

alreadybeenmissingfortwenty-sixhours.Butdespiteourplea,nooneattheVeteransAdministration

Hospitalorthepolicedepartmentwouldagreetosearchforher.TheThompsonoftheVAHospitalstated

thatLaurawasnolongertheirresponsibilitysinceshehadvoluntarilyleftthehospitalgrounds.Donna

EdwardsofthepolicedepartmentsMissingBureauindifferentlyremarkedthatheycoulddonothing

becauseLaurawas"governmentproperty.MAfterdrivingtothehospital,afour-hourdrivefromourhome,

webeganasystematicandnever-rackingverbalinvestigationofLaura'sfriends,cabcompanies,and

hotels.WefoundLaura,butourworstfearswereconfirmed.Weweretoolate.

Whatreallymakesmeangryisthatnoonetriedtostopher.AccordingtoKathy,afriendofLaura*s

whowasalsoapatientattheVAcenter,somethingparticularlyupsettinghappenedtoLaurathatday.

Afterbeingassuredbyherdoctor'ssecretarythatthedoctorwouldseeher,Laurawenttohisoffice.Her

psychiatristrudelytoldhershewouldhavetomakeanappointmentforthefollowingweek.WhenLaura

protested,heyelled,“Getthehellout,orIwillcalltheguards!**Lauragotthehellout,determinedlywent

toherroomwhereshewroteherlastletter,thenleftthecenter.Ashortwhilelater,KathysawLaura

waitingatabusstop.SheaskedLaurawhereshewasgoing,andLaurareplied,*1amonmywayto

executioner/*Kathy,awareofLaura'sdesperation,beggedthehospitalpersonneltodosomethingto

stopher,atleast,tocallus.Theyrefused.IttookusonlytwohourstofindLauraoncewearrivedintown;

herdeathmighthavebeenavoidedifwehadbeennotifiedimmediatelyorifthehospitalpersonnelhad

takenappropriateactionthemselves.Despitewhatmighthavebeen,thecruelrealitywasthatLaura*s

retreatfromalifeshefoundunbearablewasfinallycomplete.

Laura'slifewasoneofquietdesperation.Shesilentlyscreamedouttheagonyofherexistence,butno

onelistened.Shesilentlybeggedforhelp,butnooneheardorcared.Atleastnotenough.TheangerI

feltatthis"don'tgiveadamn"attitudehasnotsignificantlylessenedafterallthistime.

Statements:

1.WhenLauracommittedsuicide,thewriterrealizedthatshehadbeentoonstiveinthinkingthatall

peoplehadacaringheartforothers.

2.Itwasthewriter'slackofunderstandingofhersister'ssufferingandneglectofherthatledtoher

death.

3.WhentheauthorvisitedLaurainthehospital,Lauracomplainedtoheraboutthecrueltywithwhich

shewastreated.

4.Lauratriedtoappearhappyinfrontofhersistertopleaseher.

5.WhenLaurawasmissing,thehospitalrealizedthatshewasdeterminedtocommitsuicide.

6.ThehospitaldeclaredthatLaura'smissingwasnottheirresponsibilitysinceshehadleftwithouttheir

permission.

7.ThehospitalinformedLaura'sfamilybywritingthemalettersayingLaurahadleftthehospital.

8.LaurawasawarveteranandlivedattheVAcenter.

9.Thepolicedepartment'sMissingPersonsBureausaidtatLaurawas"governmentproperty",which

meansthatshewasapatientinagovernmenthospitalandsowastheresponsibilityofthe

government.

10.Kathy,Laura'sfriend,informedthefamilywhenLaurawasmissing.

IICWD

Directions:Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

(Key:B)

1.Itisnecessarytotoarapidlychangingsociety.

A.adoptB.adaptC.adhereD.adept

(Key:A)

2.Thecaptainoftheshipthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.

A.assuredB.ensuredC.insuredD.assumed

(Key:A)

3.TheyounggirlmanagedtofromAsiatoEuropeaftershemarriedaFrenchman.

A.emigrateB.immigrateC.transferD.remove

(Key:D)

4.Theyaretryingtothewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.

A)exposeB)exhibitC)exhaustD)exploit

(Key:B)

5.Thedialrecordsveryslightinpressure

A)adjustmentsB)variationsC)varietiesD)modifications

(Key:D)

6.Theteachertoldthestudentsinherconversationclasstotheirtalktothetopic.

A)restrainB)condenseC)restrictD)confine

(Key:D)

7.Ifthediverisindeepwater,hemustcometothesurfaceslowlyinordertoallowhisbodytoto

thechangeinpressure.

A.alertB.adoptC.improveD.adjust

(Key:C)

8.Youcanrestthatwewilltryourbesttohelpyouwheneverneeded.

A.insuredB.ensuredC.assuredD.reassured

(Key:A)

9.WhenwemovedtoFrance,thechildrenthemselvestothenewsurroundingsverywell.

A.adaptedB.broughtC.receivedD.adopted

(Key:D)

10.Tomhishouseagainstfire.

A.assuredB.ensuredC.securedD.insured

(Key:A)

11.Hismodestbusinesseventuallyintoamultinationalcompany.

A.expandedB.extendedC.exploitedD.explored

(Key:B)

12.Therewasasenseofembarrassmentintheair.

A.separateB.distinctC.distinctiveD.divided

(Key:C)

13.Althoughheisveryyoung,heisatplayingthepiano.

A.adoptingB.adaptingC.adeptD.adjusting

(Key:A)

14.Wearedreamingofalifefullofchangeand.

A.varietyB.variationC.adjustmentD.modification

(Key:A)

15.Assoonastheyarrivedatthetowntheywentoutto.

A.exploreB.extendC.expandD.exploit

(Key:C)

16.Thebabywaslefttothewindandrain.

A.expandedB.extendedC.exposedD.revealed

(Key:D)

17.Wehavebeendoingalotofgardening.

A.lateB.latterC.latestD.lately

III:WordBuilding(WB)

Directions:F川intheblankswiththeappropriatewordformsofthewordsgiveninthebrackets

1.(Key:consistency)

1.Hisviewslack:onedayheisaconservative,thenextheisaliberal.(consistent)

2.(Key:insufficient)

2.Thecasewasdismissedbecauseofevidence.(sufficient)

3.(Key:superiority)

3.Theywonthebattlebecauseoftheirmassiveinnumbers.(superior)

4.(Key:politics)

4.Heisthinkingofgoinginto,tryingtobecomeaMemberofParliament.(political)

5.(Key:sociological)

5.Astandardcriticismofresearchisthatittriestoprovewhatmostpeoplewithcommonsense

alreadyknow.(social)

6.(Key:darkness)

6.Thelightwentoutandtheentirehallsankintocomplete.(dark)

7.(Key:methodology)

7.Anewofteachingwouldbecarriedoutinourschoolnextsemester,(method)

8.(Key:Electronics))

8.isabranchofscienceandtechnologythatdealswiththebehaviorofelectrons,(electron)

9.(Key:inadequacy)

9.Theofconfidencewhenfacedbydifficultiesisoneofhisbigproblems,(adequate)

10.(Key:descendant)

10.HetoldusthathewastheofQueenVictoria,(descend)

IV:ECT

Directions:TranslatetheEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

1.Key:結(jié)合對(duì)遠(yuǎn)古人骨的研究，這一圖譜證實(shí)了非洲是人類(lèi)的誕生地，因而也是人類(lèi)遷移的石始發(fā)地。

1.Thesamemap,incombinationwithancienthumanbones,confirmsthatAfricawasthebirthplaceof

humanityandthusthestartingpointoftheoriginalhumanmovements.

2.Key:保護(hù)土著人權(quán)益活動(dòng)家們擔(dān)心科學(xué)家可能會(huì)利用土著人謀利：從當(dāng)?shù)厝搜獦又刑崛〉幕蛭镔|(zhì)可被

用于商業(yè)目的，卻不給DNA提供者以足夠的報(bào)酬。

2.Activistsfornativepopulationsfearthatthescientistscouldexploitthesepeoples:geneticmaterial

takenfrombloodsamplecouldbeusedforcommercialpurposeswithoutadequatepaymentmadeto

thegroupsthatprovidetheDNA

1.Themoremodestandhumblewefeel,themorewesufferfromsolitude,feelingourselvesinadequate

company.

2.Manyschoolshavestartedconflictresolutionprogramstocalmtensionsthatotherwisecanbuildup

likeavolcanopreparingtoexplodeultimatelyresultinginphysicalviolence.

3.Theyoftendonotrealizethatbriberyinvariousformsisontheincreaseinmanycountriesand,in

some,hasbeenawayoflifeforcenturies.

4.However,today*sbusinessman,sellinginoverseasmarkets,willfrequentlymeetsituationswhereit

isdifficulttosquarehisbusinessinterestswithhismoralconscience.

答案：

1.我們?cè)礁杏X(jué)謙卑，就越受孤獨(dú)的折磨，感到僅與自己相處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。

2.許多學(xué)校都啟動(dòng)了化解沖突的工作項(xiàng)目，以舒緩緊張形勢(shì)，要不然它們就像火山一樣蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)，最終導(dǎo)

致侵犯人身的暴力行為。

3.他們通常沒(méi)有意識(shí)到在很多國(guó)家，形形色色的賄賂行為正在日益增多，在某些國(guó)家，這已成為人們幾百

年來(lái)的生活方式。

4.然而，當(dāng)今做海外銷(xiāo)售的商人們經(jīng)常難以達(dá)到既確保自己的商業(yè)利益，又無(wú)愧道德良心的境地。

1.Themoremodestandhumblewefeel,themorewesufferfromsolitude,feelingourselvesinadequate

company.

2.Manyschoolshavestartedconflictresolutionprogramstocalmtensionsthatotherwisecanbuildup

likeavolcanopreparingtoexplodeultimatelyresultinginphysicalviolence.

3.Theyoftendonotrealizethatbriberyinvariousformsisontheincreaseinmanycountriesand,in

some,hasbeenawayoflifeforcenturies.

4.However,today'sbusinessman,sellinginoverseasmarkets,w川frequentlymeetsituationswhereit

isdifficulttosquarehisbusinessinterestswithhismoralconscience.

答案：

1.我們?cè)礁杏X(jué)謙卑，就越受孤獨(dú)的折磨，感到僅與自己相處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。

2.許多學(xué)校都啟動(dòng)了化解沖突的工作項(xiàng)目，以舒緩緊張形勢(shì)，要不然它們就像火山一樣蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)，最終導(dǎo)

致侵犯人身的暴力行為。

3.他們通常沒(méi)有意識(shí)到在很多國(guó)家，形形色色的賄賂行為正在日益增多，在某些國(guó)家，這已成為人們幾百

年來(lái)的生活方式。

4.然而，當(dāng)今做海外銷(xiāo)售的商人們經(jīng)常難以達(dá)到既確保自己的商業(yè)利益，又無(wú)愧道德良心的境地。

第八單元網(wǎng)絡(luò)練習(xí)

I.4-RF-08

Key:1-5TTTFF6-10FNFTF

Ecotourism

Imaginethescene.You'resittinginthehotsunshinebesidetheswimmingpoolofyourinternational

luxuryhotel,drinkingyourimportedwhiskey.Infrontofyouisthebeach,reservedforhotelguestswith

motorboatsforhire.Behindyouisan18-holegolfcourse,whichwasclearedfromthenativeforestandis

keptgreenbyhundredsofwatersprinklers.Aroundthehotelarefamiliarinternationalrestaurantchains

andthesameshopsthatyouhaveathome.You*veseensomelocalpeople;someofthemselllocal

handicraftsoutsidethehotel.Youboughtasmallwoodenstatueandafterarguingforhalfanhouryou

onlypaidaquarterofwhatthemanwasasking.Reallycheap!

Isthisyourideaofheavenorwouldyouprefersomethingdifferent?

Nowadays,manyofustrytoliveinawaythatwilldamagetheenvironmentaslittleaspossible.We

recycleournewspapersandbottles,wetakepublictransporttogettowork,wetrytobuylocally

producedfruitandvegetablesandwestoppedusingaerosolspraysyearsago.Andwewanttotake

theseattitudesonholidaywithus.Thisiswhyalternativeformsoftourismarebecomingmorepopularall

overtheworld.

Butwhatisecotourism?

Therearelotsofnamesforthesenewformsoftourism:responsibletourism,alternativetourism,

sustainabletourism,naturetourism,adventuretourism,educationaltourismandmore.Ecotourism

probablyinvolvesalittleofallofthem.Everyonehasadifferentdefinitionbutmostpeopleagreethat

ecotourismmust:

1.conservethewildlifeandcultureofthearea;

2.benefitthelocalpeopleandinvolvethelocalcommunity;

3.besustainable,thatis,makeaprofitwithoutdestroyingnaturalresources;

4.provideanexperiencethattouristswanttopayfor.

Soforexample,inatrueecotourismproject,anaturereserveallowsasmallnumberoftouriststovisit

itsrareanimalsandusesthemoneythatisgeneratedtocontinuewithimportantconservationwork.The

localpeoplehavejobsinthenaturereserveasguidesandwardens,butalsohaveavoiceinhowthe

projectdevelops.Touristsstayinlocalhouseswithlocalpeople,notinspeciallybuilthotels.Sothey

experiencethelocalcultureanddonottakepreciousenergyandwaterawayfromthelocalpopulation.

Theytravelonfoot,byboat,bicycleorelephantsothatthereisnopollution.Andtheyhaveaspecial

experiencethattheywillrememberalloftheirlives.

Thistypeoftourismcanonlyinvolvesmallnumbersofpeoplesoitcanbeexpensive.Butyoucan

applytheprinciplesofecotourismwhereveryougoforyourholiday.Justrememberthesebasicrules.

Beprepared.Learnabouttheplacethatyou'regoingtovisit.Findoutaboutitscultureandhistory.

Learnalittleofthenativelanguage,atleastbasicslikeTlease","Thankyou"，and"GoodMorning”.

Thinkofyourholidayasanopportunitytolearnsomething.

Haverespectforlocalculture.Wearclothesthatwillnotoffendpeople.Alwaysaskpermissionbefore

youtakeaphotograph.Rememberthatyouareavisitor.

Don*twasteresources.Iftheareadoesn'thavemuchwater,don'ttaketwoshowerseveryday.

Rememberthephrase“Leavenothingbehindyouexceptfootprintsandtakenothingawayexcept

photographs."Takeasmuchcareoftheplacesthatyouvisitasyoutakeofyourownhome.Don'tbuy

souvenirsmadefromendangeredanimalsorplants.

Walkoruseothernon-pollutingformsoftransportwheneveryoucan.

Beflexibleandkeepasenseofhumorwhenthingsgowrong.

Stayinlocalhotelsandeatinlocalrestaurants.Buylocalproductswheneverpossibleandpayafair

priceforwhatyoubuy.

Chooseyourholidaycarefully.Don'tbeafraidtoasktheholidaycompanyaboutwhattheydothatis

“eco”.Rememberthat“eco"isveryfashionabletodayandalotofholidaysthatareadvertisedas

ecotourismarenotmuchbetterthantraditionaltourism.

Butbeforeyougettooenthusiastic,thinkabouthowyouaregoingtogettoyourdream“eco”

paradise.Flyingisoneofthebiggestman-madesourcesofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Friendsof

theEarthsaythatonereturnflightfromLondontoMiamiputsasmuchcarbondioxideintothe

atmosphereastheaverageBritishcardriverproducesinayear.Sodon'tforgetthatyoudon'thavetofly

toexoticlocationsforyour"eco"holiday.Thereareprobablyplacesofnaturalbeautyandinterestin

yourowncountrythatyou*venevervisited.

Statements

1.Theauthordoesnotapproveofthetraditionalconceptofanidealtour.

2.Nowadays,peoplearechangingtheirwayoflifetoprotecttheenvironment.

3.Ecotourismisthenamefortourismwhichisnotharmfultotheenvironment.

4.Ecotourismbenefitsthelocalcommunityonly.

5.Itisonlyontrueecotouristprojectsthattouristscanreallyexperiencethelocalculture.

6.Peopleonecotourismtourshavetolearnthelanguageoftheplacetheyvisit.

7.Souvenirsareexpensiveonecotourismprojects.

8.Trueecotourismallowstouriststouseanykindoftransporttheywant.

9.Asenseofhumormaybehelpfultotourists.

10.Atrueecotouristwillvisittheplacesofnaturalbeautyandinterestinhisowncountryfirstbefore

goingonatourabroad.

II.CVB

Directions:Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

(Key:B)

1.Pleasetherope.

A)loseB)looseC)closeD)rouse

(Key:C)

2.Itstoppedrainingthenight.

A)amongB)forC)duringD)past

(Key:A)

3.Hefoundapurseandittotheteacher

A)gaveB)sentC)supplyD)advise

(Key:D)

4.HespeaksEnglishChinese.

A)asforB)asifC)aswellD)aswellas

(Key:B

5.Givemea(n)bottle.

A)vacantB)emptyC)eminentD)valid

(Key:C)

6.Thisisonlyoneoutofmany.

A)sampleB)examplesC)instanceD)instant

(Key:C)

7.Theballoonuntilitburst.

A)expeditedB)extendedC)expandedD)expected

(Key:D)

8.Itistodisputeaboutsuchthings.

A)courteousB)funnyC)radicalD)ridiculous

(Key:A)

9.Itisforamantowalkinhissleep.

A)abnormalB)usualC)CcommonD)normal

(Key:C)

10.Iwatchedhimuntilhefromsightinthedistance.

A)vanishB)disappointedC)disappearedD)disapproved

III.WordBuilding

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordformsofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

1.Key:decentralize

1.Thecompanywillitsoperationsnextyearandopenseveralofficesintheregion,(center)

2.Key:employees

2.Thecompanynowhasthreetimesasmanyasitdidayearago.(employ)

3.Key:destabilized

3.Theconflictwhichlastedforamonthhasthewholeregion.(stable)

4.Key:divorcees

4.Thenumberofhasbeenontheriseforyearsnow.(divorce)

5.Key:cautiously

5.Helookedaroundandknockedonthedoor.(caution)

6.Key:bribing

6.Hewasaccusedofanofficialandsentencedto5yearsinprison.(bribery)

7.Key:disapproved

7.Thegirl'sfamilystronglyofhermarriagetotheyoungmen,whomtheydidn'tlikeatall.

(approval)

8.Key:depressed

8.Thenewsofjobcutsmadetheemployeesintheofficevery.(depression)

9.Key:devalued

9.Thecurrencyofthecountrybecamebecauseoftheincreasingprices,(value)

10.Key:trainee

10.Iusedtoworkasareporterwiththatjournal.(train)

IV.ECT

Directions:TranslatetheEnglishsentencesintoChinese

1.答案：身邊總有人提醒我自己是奴隸的后代，但這并沒(méi)有使我沮喪。

1.SomeoneisalwaysatmyelbowremindingmethatIamthegranddaughterofslaves.Butitfailsto

registerdepressionwithme.

2.答案：我們閑談一些都經(jīng)歷過(guò)的瑣事，白人會(huì)安靜地坐著，興味盎然地聽(tīng)我講

2.Weenterchartingaboutanylittlethingsthatwehaveincommonandthewhitemanwouldsitcalmly

inhisseat,listeningtomewithinterest.

UnitOne(BookFour)

I.RF(快速閱讀一篇)(題目分類(lèi)：多項(xiàng)選擇題)

4-RF-01

Key:1-5FTNTF6-10NFFTF

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverapassagequicklyandreadtenstatements

afterit.

Forstatements1-10,write

T(forTrue)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgivenintheaboveparagraph(s);

F(forFalse)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgivenintheaboveparagraph(s);

N(forNotgiven)ifthestatementisnotgivenintheaboveparagraph(s);

MemoriesofAfghanistan

Afghanistan—acountryonthebrinkofahumanitariandisaster,alandfilledwithfleeingrefugees,

starvingpeople,andturbanedterroristsintrainingcamps.TVpicturestellthestoryofacountryinruin

andpoverty,acountrybroughtalmosttototaldestructionbytwentyyearsofwarandstruggle.Yet

once—thoughpoor—thiswasaproudnation,andabeautifulcountry,andonewitharichcultural

heritage

ApartfromthenationsofEurope,therearefewcountriesintheworldthathaveneverbeenunder

colonialrule--oratleastneverinrecenttimes;Afghanistanwasoneofthem.Manycenturiesago,

GenghisKhan'stroopsrodedownfromMongolia,mercilesslykillingthemountaintribesmenof

Afghanistanwhodaredtoresisttheinvader;butapartfromthishumiliatingperiodintime,the

Afghanistans--whoareinfactamixtureofthreeseparateethnicgroups--一haveheldtheirheadshighin

thefaceofinvasion.

Thecountrythatisnowatthecenteroftheworld'sattentionwasonceoneoftheworld'sproudest

nations,andanationthatothercountriesinvadedattheirownrisk.Inthe19thcenturythearmiesofthe

BritishEmpireknewthatAfghanistanwasnotacountrytointerferewith.

Ahundredandtwentyyearsago,in1881,BritishsoldierswerenonethelessstationedintheAfghan

capital,Kabul.Theyweretherefortworeasons,firstlytohelpstoptheRussiansfrominvadingthe

country,andsecondlytoensuretheexistenceofanindependentbuffer-statebetweentheRussian

Empiretothenorth,andtheBritishEmpireinIndia(modernPakistan)tothesoutheast.

QueenVictoriawouldhavelikedtoaddAfghanistantoherempire,buthersoldiersneversucceededin

thismission,thoughtheytried,andfailed.In1879,thewholeBritishMission(embassy)inKabul,

includingservants,wasmassacredbyagroupofrebelAfghansoldiers,furiousbecausetheyhadnot

beenpaidbytheirownking,MohammedYacoub.YacoubwasfriendlytotheBritish,sotheBritishgot

theblame.ThestoryoftheKabulMassacrewasrememberedforalongtimebytheBritishinIndia,and

recordedbyseveralVictorianwritersandpoets.

OtherbloodyeventsalsomarkedtherelationshipbetweentheBritishandtheAfghansinthe19th

century.In1842,inthenotoriousbattleoftheKhyberPass,acompleteBritisharmywasmassacredby

Afghansastheyreturnedfromashortraidintothecountry.Justoneman,adoctor,managedtosurvive

themassacre,andmakehiswaybacktothesafetyofIndia,totellthestoryoftheterribleevent.

ThoughtheworldhaschangedalotsinceVictoriantimes,Afghanistanhaschangedlittle.Inmany

ways,theTalibanhaveevenmovedthecountrybackintime,adarkageofignorance,intoleranceand

repression;butevenwithouttheTaliban,Afghanistanwouldstill,today,beoneoftheworld'smost

undevelopednations.Land-locked,asidefrommostmodernroutesofcommunication,andbrokenupby

themightyHinduKushmountainsandbyvastdeserts,Afghanistan,likethe“tribalterritory”ofnorth

westPakistan,hasremainedfiercelyindependentfromoutsideinterference,andstronglyattachedtoits

traditionalways.

Forthelasttwenty-fiveyears,theAfghanpeoplehavesufferedfromwaranddestruction:the

overthrowofthemonarchy,thentheinvasionbytheSovietUnionin1978,thenthewaragainstthe

Soviets,thenthestruggleforcontrolofthecountrybetweentheTalibanandthesupportersofGeneral

Massoud,nowthemassivedepartureofapeopleonthevergeofstarvation,drivenfromtheirhomesas

muchbyfearoftheTalibanasbythethreatofmilitaryinvasion.

Yetinspiteofallthis,despitethedestructionofalargepartoftheircountry,theAfghanpeopleremain

kindandhospitable.OlderAfghansrememberbacktoapast,whentheylivedinpeaceandrelative

security;youngerAfghans,whohaveneverknownaneraofpeace,lookforwardtothedaywhenanew

ageofpeacewillcome.Hopefully,thatnewdawnwillnotbetoofaraway.

Statements

1.Afghanistanusedtobeapeacefulcountrythatneversufferedfromanyforeigninvasion.

2.Afghanistanisoneofthefewcountriesthathaveneverbeenundercolonialrule.

3.GenghisKhan'stroopssufferedabiglosswhentheytriedtoconquerAfghanistan.

4.In1881,BritainsoldierswerestationedinAfghanistaninordertoestablishanindependentand

peacefulstatebetweenRussiaandBritishIndia.

5.TheentireBritishMissioninKabulwascruellykilledbecausetheywantedtopreventtheBritishfrom

invadingAfghanistan.

6.QueenVictoriaregrettedsendingtheBritishMissionintoAfghanistanafterthe1879massacre.

7.In1842,acompleteBritisharmywasmassacredbyAfghansandnoonesurvivedinthebloodyevent.

8.IfitwerenotfortheTaliban,Afghanistanwouldhave