2025屆新高考英語熱點(diǎn)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題復(fù)習(xí)

2025屆新高考英語熱點(diǎn)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解專題復(fù)習(xí)推理判斷題理解主旨要義理解文中具體信息根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容作出判斷和推理理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度六點(diǎn)能力要求閱讀理解四種試題類型細(xì)節(jié)理解題主旨大意題詞句猜義題無中生有(最多)偷梁換柱(較多)張冠李戴(較多)顛倒是非以偏概全過于絕對(含only,never,all等)范圍擴(kuò)縮(范圍擴(kuò)大或縮小)與原文相同(尤其A篇)同義轉(zhuǎn)換，正話反說，反話正說對兩個或多個信息點(diǎn)的概括閱讀理解選項特點(diǎn)正確選項干擾項命題依照順序

題序與文中信息先后相同考點(diǎn)分布均勻

一般是一段一題，大致均勻答案個數(shù)均等ABCD的個數(shù)均等或大致均等閱讀理解三條命題規(guī)律一定

讀題干，確定定位詞(專有名詞、縮略

詞、數(shù)字等)二找

用定位詞，結(jié)合命題順序、分布均勻，

在文中找到信息句三比較

將信息與各項比較，選出正確答案解題步驟解題方略

靈活運(yùn)用以下三種有效的閱讀方法,可以大大提高閱讀速度和解題速度。1.略讀(skimming)——了解文章大意

以最快的速度跳躍式地瀏覽文章的標(biāo)題、首尾段、每段的首尾句,以及表示句、段關(guān)系的連接性詞語(特別是however,but,therefore等)后的內(nèi)容等重要部分,以了解文章的主旨大意或段落大意。掌握三種閱讀方法

也叫尋讀,就是帶著問題，特別是帶著一兩個特征詞(如專有名詞、縮寫、數(shù)字等)，尋找到我們所需要的信息在文中的位置，進(jìn)行信息定位。2.查讀(scanning)——尋找所需信息

通過略讀了解文章主旨和通過查讀找到相關(guān)信息之后,在相關(guān)范圍內(nèi)逐句、逐詞地閱讀,不僅要理解其字面意思,而且要結(jié)合語境,通過分析、比較、綜合、聯(lián)想等方法,并結(jié)合自己已有的知識和經(jīng)驗進(jìn)行推理、判斷,來理解文章的深層含義,以及作者的立場、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和意圖等。3.研讀(studyreading)——理解深層含義推理判斷題詞句猜義題

解題步驟或順序，有人先文后題，有人先題后文,因人而異,無優(yōu)劣之分,應(yīng)根據(jù)你的習(xí)慣來決定。我們推薦以下步驟。

1.抓大意：用略讀法了解文章及各段的大意,便于快速定位信息。參考五個解題步驟2.讀題干：了解題目問什么,并在題干中找出便于定位的特征詞。3.定位信息：帶著問題和特征詞,用查讀法到文中找到相關(guān)句段。特別提醒：了解命題的順序性和考點(diǎn)分布的均勻性原則，對迅速定位信息非常有用！5.綜合：考慮各題所選選項,看是否切合全文主旨。4.研讀：理解所找到的相關(guān)句段,有的還要根據(jù)背景常識進(jìn)行簡單的推理或判斷，對比各選項,做出選擇。一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題◎題型分類技法一直接信息題——定位比對找答案直接信息題常以應(yīng)用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動安排類、書籍或電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設(shè)問方式多為以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問句。解題策略細(xì)節(jié)理解題1.Whoisstillcontributingtotheworld?A.MarieCurie.B.JaneGoodall.C.RitaLevi-Montalcini.D.LiseMeitner.MarieCurie(1867-1934)Famousfor:WorkonradioactivityJaneGoodal(1934)Famousfor:Primate(靈長類)studiesRitaLevi-montalcini(1909-2012)Famousfor:NervegrowthstudiesLiseMeitner(1878-1968)Famousfor:Workonradioactivityandnuclearphysics1.直接信息題解題策略---直接定位法2.WhatdidRitaLevi-Montalciniresearchon?A.Nervegrowth.B.Thewildlife.C.Nuclearexplosion.D.Radioactivity.1.Accordingtotheauthor/passage,...2.Whatcanwelearnabout...?設(shè)問方式AlbertEinsteinwasborninGermanyin1879.Hewasaquietchildwhospentmuchofhistimealone.Hewasslowtotalkandhaddifficultylearningtoread.WhenAlbertwasfiveyearsold,hisfathergavehimacompass.Thechildwasfilledwithwonderwhenhediscoveredthatthecompassneedlealwayspointedinthesamedirection一tothenorth.Heaskedhisfatherandhisunclewhatcausedtheneedletomove.技法二.間接信息題解題策略---“分析、概括、歸納''法WhatdoweknowaboutAlbertEinsteininhischildhood?A.Hewasveryclever.B.Helikedtalkingwithpeople.C.Hewascuriousaboutnewthings.D.Hewasgoodatinventingnewthings.技法三數(shù)字計算題——整合推算得答案JohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandhandlingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,sovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1933,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andhebecameoneofthe6full-timepeople.2.VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageof...A.23B.26C.29D.32ExpenseoflivinginMadridTheexpenseoflivinginMadriddependsonwhereyouwanttolive.Youneedtopaythreemonths'rentinadvanceplusadepositof$200forthefirsttime.Therentforaone-bedroomapartmentinthecitycenterofMadridcostsabout$650permonth.Therentforathree-bedroomapartmentinthecitycentercostsapproximately$1,200.Ifyou'rewillingtoliveoutsidethecitycenter,youcanexpecttopayapproximately$450to$850foraone----orthree-bedroomapartmentrespectively(分別地).Howmuchshouldbepaidfirsttorentaone-bedroomapartmentinthecitycenterofMadrid?A.About$1,950.B.About$1,550.C.About$2,750.D.About$2,150.650*3+200=?ResuscitationLevel3ThistrainingcourseisforthosewhorequireLevel3resuscitationskills,especiallypeoplewhohaveadutytorespondandareprobablyconcernedwiththestartofresuscitation.Price:$160Duration:4hoursHowmuchshouldanapplicantpayperhourforResuscitationLevel3?A.$40.B.$50.C.$100.D.$160.推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個題中常有6-8個，著重考察學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。推理判斷類解題要領(lǐng)：1.要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。2.以原文內(nèi)容為前提，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀的對文中未說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給與合理的邏輯判斷，做出一定解釋。二：推理判斷題推理判斷題分類：1.推斷隱含意義2.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度3.推斷寫作目的4.推斷文章出處或讀者對象Idon’tthinkit'srighttocriticizeone'schoiceinfoodoreatinghabits,nomatterhowstrangetheymayseem.It'snotonlyinChina.WhenIwentabroad,Ifoundpeoplehadallsortsofstrangehabitswhenitcametofood.InDenmark,theyputsaltedredfishonbreadandeatitfordinner,nomatterhowmuchitruinsyourbreath.Theythinkit'sadelicacy(美味佳肴)，andit'sconnectedtotheircertainculture.Ithinkit'sawonderfultradition.What'sthewriter'sattitudetoDenmark'swayofeatingbread?A.Indifferent.B.Critical.C.Understandable.D.Doubtful.技巧點(diǎn)撥:注意讀者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子，推斷作者的弦外之音。Inhis2013book,MyBriefHistory,Hawkingwroteabouthisfirstlearningoftheillness,“Ifeltitwasveryunfair-whyshouldthishappentome?”Headded,“Atthetime,IthoughtmylifewasoverandthatIwouldneverrealizethepotentialIfeltIhad."“Butnow,50yearslater,Icanbequitesatisfiedwithmylife,”hewrote.WhatisHawking'sattitudetowardslifewhenhewasjustdiagnosedwithALS?A.Optimistic.B.Hopeless.C.Disappointed.D.Confident.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度說明作者的態(tài)度的常用詞語有：positive積極的active活躍的favorable支持的optimistic樂觀的approval贊同的humorous幽默的negative消極的passive消極的inactive不活躍的unfavorable不支持的pessimistic悲觀的disapproval不贊同的worried擔(dān)憂的concerned擔(dān)憂的critical批判的indifferent漠不關(guān)心的ambiguous模棱兩可的doubtful懷疑的unclear不明的hopeless絕望的尾段Mr.Tilmancallsthelinkbetweenthediet,theenvironmentandhumanhealth,"atrilemma”---aproblemofferingadifficultchoice.HesaysonepossiblesolutionisleavingtheWesterndietbehind.ThemainpurposeofthepassageistoA.callonustoprotecttheenvironmentB.warnusofthedangeroftheWesterndietC.remindusoftheimportanceofhealthD.adviseustohaveabalanceddietleavesth.behind：留下、遺忘首段ThespreadofWesterneatinghabitsaroundtheworldisbadforhumanhealthandtheenvironment.ThesefindingscomefromanewreportinthejournalNature.問題形式（1）考查整篇文章的寫作目的A.Thewriter'spurpose/intention/aimofwritingthispassageisto____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?（2）考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖A.Thewriterusestheexampleof...toshowthat____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto____.C.....arementionedinthefirstparagraphto____.推斷寫作目的技巧點(diǎn)撥：一般在第一段或最后一段找答案，注意but,however等關(guān)鍵詞文章出處ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberries（漿果）andstonefruits（核果）areinabundance（豐富）.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.（首段）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.1.問題形式(1)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom____(2)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?(3)Thepassageismostlikelyapartof____.如何推斷文章出處2.解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：（1）報紙：前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)、或通訊社名稱（2）廣告：因其格式特殊容易辨認(rèn)，有產(chǎn)品價格（3）網(wǎng)絡(luò)：出現(xiàn)點(diǎn)擊此處clickhere，點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)址，在下面評論區(qū)留言leaveyourcomments/shareyouropinionbelow等關(guān)鍵詞。Lookingforsomethingtodofortherestofyourlife?Myadvice?Takealongandhardlookatscience.Itiseversointeresting.（尾段）ThepassageisintendedforpeoplewhoA.haven'tdecidedontheircareerB.havenointerestinscienceC.hopeforworldpeaceD.havelittleknowledgeofscience推斷讀者對象你正在找今后可做的事情嗎？三、詞句猜義題常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。

如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊~與詞間都起著互為線索的作用對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號引出并加以解釋說明。同義法反義法釋義法情景推斷法、代詞替代法等Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve"creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.Whatis“ajuicer"inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.“如果你有...，你就可以將冰凍香蕉和一些莓類水果或水果切片放進(jìn)去，出來的是奶油狀甜品，可以馬上飲用”。由“放進(jìn)去是水果”“出來是甜品”再結(jié)合下文(feedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachine)就可完全確定。Astigercubs(幼獸)grewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly.B.Losetheirway.C.Sleepsoundly.D.Misstheirmombehavebadly表現(xiàn)不好四、主旨大意題解題方法與步驟主旨大意題指針對段落或短文的subject(主題)、mainidea（主要思想）、title（標(biāo)題）或purpose（目的）擬題。找出主題句(常在首尾段的首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中)或通過瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，把握主旨。主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?5)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意題做題要領(lǐng)1.干擾項可能屬文中某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)2.干擾項可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。3.干擾項可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。(正確答案)是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。StudentsusuallygotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.ButsomeschoolsintheUSAaregettingshorterweeks.Classesgoforfourdaysinsteadoffive.（首段）Areyoureadyforafour-dayweek?OrareyouOKwithfive?（尾段）Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Reasonsforgoingtoschool